RESUMO
Species in the genus Gorgoderina Looss, 1902 are parasites of the urinary bladder of amphibians and include around 50 species described globally. Molecular data on species of the genus are scarce, as is the information of their life-cycle patterns. During a survey on the genetic characterization of the frog trematodes in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, in the Gulf of Mexico slope of Mexico, specimens of two morphotypes of Gorgoderina were sampled from the Rio Grande leopard frog, Rana berlandieri. One of them represented an undescribed species which is described herein as Gorgoderina rosamondae n. sp., whereas the other one was morphologically very similar to an apparently widely distributed North American species, G. attenuata, which has been previously reported in the same geographical area. Specimens of both morphotypes were sequenced for two nuclear and one mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic trees corroborated the distinction of the new species, and data on the internal transcribed spacer 2 revealed genetic differences between G. attenuata sequenced from frogs in USA and specimens of Gorgoderina sp. from Los Tuxtlas, indicating the possibility that they also represent an undescribed species. COI sequences showed high genetic divergence values between the new species and Gorgoderina sp. from Los Tuxtlas (8.63-9.99%). Additionally, COI sequences of the larval forms (sporocyst, cercariae and metacercariae) sampled in the same locality from their first and second intermediate hosts (Pisidium sp. and Agriogomphus tumens, respectively) showed conspecificity, and the 3 host life-cycle of the new species was elucidated.
Assuntos
Ranidae , Trematódeos/classificação , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Animais , Cercárias/anatomia & histologia , Cercárias/classificação , Cercárias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cercárias/ultraestrutura , Metacercárias/anatomia & histologia , Metacercárias/classificação , Metacercárias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Metacercárias/ultraestrutura , México/epidemiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oocistos/ultraestrutura , Filogenia , Prevalência , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Trematódeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trematódeos/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Trematódeos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Although multiple outbreak clusters of Cyclospora cayetanensis have been traced back to consumption of dishes in Mexican-style restaurants, the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) does not currently provide methods to detect C. cayetanensis in dishes that contain multiple produce ingredients, such as salsas and guacamole. These complex food matrices also may contain high levels of fats, which can interfere with the detection. Several modifications to the BAM Chapter 19b method (washing produce, DNA extraction, and a TaqMan real-time PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene of C. cayetanensis) were assessed with the goal to detect as few as 5 oocysts of C. cayetanensis in 25 g samples of commercial salsa/pico de gallo, guacamole, and salsa verde. Both freshly prepared and frozen versions of these foods were seeded with 5, 10 and 200 oocysts. For salsa samples, using a gentler washing step than recommended by BAM, we achieved detection of 5 oocysts in the samples (81.8%, n = 11). Increasing the amount of Alconox® in the wash solution to 1%, rather than the 0.1% used in BAM, and adjusting the DNA extraction protocol to process large wash pellets, enabled detection of 5 oocysts in guacamole. To reach the desired level of detection in salsa verde, two types of modifications were necessary: gentler washing and DNA extraction modifications. The use of these same method modifications on previously frozen food samples, provided levels of detection similar to those achieved with fresh dishes. Our modifications enabled robust and reproducible detection of C. cayetanensis in multi-ingredient Mexican dishes, detecting as few as 5 oocysts in 25 g samples. Validating and deploying effective methods to detect C. cayetanensis in high risk fresh produce and prepared dishes are critically important for prevalence studies and outbreak investigations of this parasite.
Assuntos
Cyclospora/isolamento & purificação , Fast Foods/parasitologia , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Persea/parasitologia , Verduras/parasitologia , Cyclospora/classificação , Cyclospora/genética , Cyclospora/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Análise de Alimentos/normas , Frutas/parasitologia , Humanos , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/genética , Oocistos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A new coccidian species of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), is reported from the bat host Myotis riparius Handley from Ilha Grande, a large island off the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil. METHODS: Bats were captured in 13 mist nets (10 × 3 m), which were set within the experimental plots, and through active searches of the daytime roosts of Molossus molossus Pallas found in Vila Dois Rios. Containment was made in bags for the collection of feces and identification of coccidia. A survey was conducted on the coccidia species described so far (Table 2). RESULTS: The oöcysts of Eimeria riparii n. sp. are ellipsoidal to cylindroidal with an extremely thin, bi-layered wall, slightly rough. Two polar granules are present, micropyle and oöcyst residuum are both absent. The sporocysts are ellipsoidal, the sporocyst residuum is formed by sparse, rounded granules of varying sizes; the Stieda body is trapezoidal and a sub-Stieda body is absent. Sporozoites are banana shaped. With the new species described here, a total of 40 Eimeria spp. have been described infecting bat hosts, belonging to 30 species of 18 genera and 5 families. CONCLUSION: The subsequent increase in the known diversity of bats has been derived from the ongoing expansion of research in a number of different areas of taxonomy and ecology although the number of studies of the associated coccidian parasites of the family Eimeriidae has increased more slowly.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Eimeria/ultraestrutura , Fezes/parasitologia , Florestas , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Ilhas , Microscopia de Interferência , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Oocistos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Infections occur via the ingestion of oocysts, consumption of cysts containing bradyzoites, and transplacental transmission of tachyzoites. Diversity in T. gondii strains may affect the outcome of clinical toxoplasmosis. The consumption of horse meat is a common practice in some parts of the world. The objectives of the present study were to isolate and genotype T. gondii from horses from an abattoir in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil that exports horse meat to Europe. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32.5% (13/40) of the horses using the modified agglutination test (MAT) with a cut-off of 1:25. Tissues from the 13 seropositive horses were bioassayed in mice, and one isolate, designated TgHorseBrRS1, was obtained. PCR-RFLP of the isolate revealed the ToxoDB-RFLP #228 genotype, a typical non-archetypal Brazilian genotype, and microsatellite analysis showed a unique non-archetypal genotype. This study showed that horses from Brazil can harbor viable T. gondii in their tissues, suggesting that recommendations to consumers should be made, especially in European countries where consumption of raw horse meat is common.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Carne/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Matadouros/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Bioensaio , Brasil , Europa (Continente) , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Genótipo , Cavalos , Humanos , Camundongos , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/genética , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Toxoplasma/classificação , Toxoplasma/genéticaRESUMO
Fecal specimens from 432 pre-weaned calves younger than 35 days were collected over a 2-year period (2010-2012) from 74 dairy cattle farms in the central area of Colombia. These samples were microscopically examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts, and positive specimens were selected for molecular examination. Microscopy revealed that 115 calves (26.6%) from 44 farms (59.5%) tested positive. Oocyst shedding was recorded in calves aged 3-day-old onwards, although the infection rate peaked at 8-14 days (40.7%). Infection rates were higher in diarrheic (52.2%) than in non-diarrheic calves (19.9%) (p < 0.0001, χ2), and infected calves had up to seven times more probability of having diarrhea than non-infected calves. Cryptosporidium species and subtypes were successfully identified in 73 samples from 32 farms. Restriction and sequence analyses of the SSU rRNA gene revealed C. parvum in all but two isolates identified as Cryptosporidium bovis. Sequence analyses of the 60-KDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene revealed eight subtypes within the IIa family. An unusual subtype (IIaA18G5R1) was the most prevalent and widely distributed (more than 66% specimens and 68% farms) while the subtype most frequently reported in cattle worldwide (IIaA15G2R1) was found in less than 13% of specimens and 16% farms. The remaining subtypes (IIaA16G2R1, IIaA17G4R1, IIaA20G5R1, IIaA19G6R1, IIaA20G6R1, and IIaA20G7R1) were restricted to 1-3 farms. This is the first large-sample size study of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in Colombia and demonstrates the genetic uniqueness of this protozoan in cattle farms in this geographical area.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Cryptosporidium parvum/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/veterinária , Oocistos/genética , Animais , Bovinos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium parvum/classificação , Cryptosporidium parvum/genética , Indústria de Laticínios , Diarreia/parasitologia , Fazendas , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar a dinâmica de eliminação de oocistos de Eimeria sp. em cabras sem raça definida (SRD), criadas em sistema extensivo na região semiárida, durante a gestação e fase inicial da lactação. Vinte cabras adultas, criadas extensivamente na Caatinga, foram selecionadas e monitoradas durante oito meses. Os valores de Oopg (quantidade de oocistos por grama de fezes) foram acompanhados quinzenalmente do 1º mês de gestação ao 90º dia pós-parto. O Oopg variou durante a gestação, sendo as maiores e menores contagens de 3.300 ± 709 e 1.726 ± 215, respectivamente. Após elevação na primeira quinzena, o Oopg diminuiu gradualmente até o 105º dia e voltou a subir até o final da gestação. No período pós-parto, seguindo a tendência da fase final da gestação, houve aumento progressivo na eliminação de oocistos até o 90º dia de lactação. A quantidade média de oocistos liberados durante a fase inicial da lactação foi de 3.006 ± 102,3 Oopg comparado ao período gestacional de 2.312 ± 98,03 Oopg (P<0.05). A dinâmica de eliminação de oocistos de Eimeria sp. em cabras gestantes e lactantes, criadas extensivamente em região semiárida, foi caracterizada por três situações distintas: elevação brusca no início da gestação, seguida por redução gradual no período intermediário da gestação e aumento constante da eliminação de oocistos na fase final da gestação até inicial da lactação.
The study aimed to characterize the excretion dynamic of Eimeria oocyst during pregnancy and early lactation in native goats raised extensively in semiarid region. Twenty pregnancy does were selected and monitored during eight months. The count of oocyst per gram of feces (Oopg) was determined fortnightly from first month of pregnancy until 90o day postpartum. The Oopg varied during pregnancy and the high stand lowest values were 3,300±709 and 1,726±215 respectively. After rise in the first fortnight, the Oopg gradually decreased until the 105th day and increased again until the end of pregnancy. In the post partum period, following the trend of late pregnancy, there was a progressive increase in oocysts excretion until 90th day of lactation. The average number of oocysts excreted during early lactation was greater than during pregnancy, whose values were 3,006±102.3 vs 2,312±98.03 Oopg, respectively (P<0.05). The excretion dynamics of oocysts of Eimeria sp. during pregnancy and early lactation in native goats raised extensively in semiarid region is characterized as a sharp rise in the first fortnight, followed by gradual reduction until intermediate phase and a continuous rise in the last third of gestation and early lactation.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gravidez , Lactente , Eimeria/imunologia , Oocistos/classificaçãoRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar a dinâmica de eliminação de oocistos de Eimeria sp. em cabras sem raça definida (SRD), criadas em sistema extensivo na região semiárida, durante a gestação e fase inicial da lactação. Vinte cabras adultas, criadas extensivamente na Caatinga, foram selecionadas e monitoradas durante oito meses. Os valores de Oopg (quantidade de oocistos por grama de fezes) foram acompanhados quinzenalmente do 1º mês de gestação ao 90º dia pós-parto. O Oopg variou durante a gestação, sendo as maiores e menores contagens de 3.300 ± 709 e 1.726 ± 215, respectivamente. Após elevação na primeira quinzena, o Oopg diminuiu gradualmente até o 105º dia e voltou a subir até o final da gestação. No período pós-parto, seguindo a tendência da fase final da gestação, houve aumento progressivo na eliminação de oocistos até o 90º dia de lactação. A quantidade média de oocistos liberados durante a fase inicial da lactação foi de 3.006 ± 102,3 Oopg comparado ao período gestacional de 2.312 ± 98,03 Oopg (P<0.05). A dinâmica de eliminação de oocistos de Eimeria sp. em cabras gestantes e lactantes, criadas extensivamente em região semiárida, foi caracterizada por três situações distintas: elevação brusca no início da gestação, seguida por redução gradual no período intermediário da gestação e aumento constante da eliminação de oocistos na fase final da gestação até inicial da lactação.(AU)
The study aimed to characterize the excretion dynamic of Eimeria oocyst during pregnancy and early lactation in native goats raised extensively in semiarid region. Twenty pregnancy does were selected and monitored during eight months. The count of oocyst per gram of feces (Oopg) was determined fortnightly from first month of pregnancy until 90o day postpartum. The Oopg varied during pregnancy and the high stand lowest values were 3,300±709 and 1,726±215 respectively. After rise in the first fortnight, the Oopg gradually decreased until the 105th day and increased again until the end of pregnancy. In the post partum period, following the trend of late pregnancy, there was a progressive increase in oocysts excretion until 90th day of lactation. The average number of oocysts excreted during early lactation was greater than during pregnancy, whose values were 3,006±102.3 vs 2,312±98.03 Oopg, respectively (P<0.05). The excretion dynamics of oocysts of Eimeria sp. during pregnancy and early lactation in native goats raised extensively in semiarid region is characterized as a sharp rise in the first fortnight, followed by gradual reduction until intermediate phase and a continuous rise in the last third of gestation and early lactation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Lactente , Oocistos/classificação , Eimeria/imunologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was evaluate the average variation in the size of oocysts of Eimeria, recovered from heifer calves, using the following variables: age of the calves (0-100 and 101-180 days of age) and intensity of infection. In addition two measurements techniques were employed to correlate the morphometry of Eimeria species. A total of 1512 fecal samples were collected from 57 heifer calves in the municipality of Pirai, Rio de Janeiro, during the period August/2010 to June/2011, with 955 collected during the period 0-100 days and 557 from calves between 101-180 days old. Nine species of Eimeria were identified based on morphological and morphometric characteristics of oocysts and were present at the following percentages: E. ellipsoidalis (39.7%), E. alabamensis (18.4%), E. bovis (12.1%), E. zuernii (11.4%), E. subspherica (7.3%), E. cylindrica (6.0%), E. auburnensis (3.6%), E. wyomingensis (1.0%) and E. canadensis (0.6%). Calves up to 100 days old showed higher intensities of infection (%). Yet, in both age groups high intensity infection was the least frequently observed category of infection. Statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation (p> 0.05) between the two measurement techniques, indicating that they were equal effective. In the specific case of the oocysts of E. ellipsoidalis, it was observed that the age of the animals influenced oocyst morphometry as analyzed using either measurement techniques. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the morphometry of oocysts was observed in relation to the intensity of infection.
Objetivou-se avaliar a variação média no tamanho dos oocistos de Eimeria, segundo as categorias das variáveis: faixa etária das bezerras (zero a 100 e 101 a 180 dias de idade) e intensidade de infecção bem como correlacionar as espécies do gênero Eimeria, utilizando técnicas de morfometria. De agosto/2010 a junho/2011, no Município de Piraí, RJ, foram coletadas 1512 amostras de fezes de 57 bezerras, sendo 955 enquanto estavam na faixa etária de 0 a 100 dias e 557 já com 101 a 180 dias. Com base nas características morfológicas e morfométricas dos oocistos esporulados, identificaram-se nove espécies nas seguintes porcentagens: E. ellipsoidalis (39,7%), E. alabamensis (18,4%), E. bovis (12,1%), E. zuernii (11,4%), E. subspherica (7,3%), E. cylindrica (6,0%), E. auburnensis (3,6%), E. wyomingensis (1,0%) e E. canadensis (0,6%). As bezerras de até 100 dias apresentaram maior intensidade de infecção e, nas duas faixas etárias houve menos amostras classificadas como de alta intensidade. Pode-se observar que não houve correlação (p>0,05) entre as técnicas de medidas aplicadas, mostrando que uma independe da outra. Com base na análise dos oocistos da espécie E. ellipsoidalis, pode-se observar que a idade dos animais influenciou na morfometria dos oocistos em ambos os recursos de medida. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na morfometria dos oocistos de acordo com a intensidade de infecção.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eimeria/microbiologia , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The aim of this study was evaluate the average variation in the size of oocysts of Eimeria, recovered from heifer calves, using the following variables: age of the calves (0-100 and 101-180 days of age) and intensity of infection. In addition two measurements techniques were employed to correlate the morphometry of Eimeria species. A total of 1512 fecal samples were collected from 57 heifer calves in the municipality of Pirai, Rio de Janeiro, during the period August/2010 to June/2011, with 955 collected during the period 0-100 days and 557 from calves between 101-180 days old. Nine species of Eimeria were identified based on morphological and morphometric characteristics of oocysts and were present at the following percentages: E. ellipsoidalis (39.7%), E. alabamensis (18.4%), E. bovis (12.1%), E. zuernii (11.4%), E. subspherica (7.3%), E. cylindrica (6.0%), E. auburnensis (3.6%), E. wyomingensis (1.0%) and E. canadensis (0.6%). Calves up to 100 days old showed higher intensities of infection (%). Yet, in both age groups high intensity infection was the least frequently observed category of infection. Statistical analysis did not reveal any correlation (p> 0.05) between the two measurement techniques, indicating that they were equal effective. In the specific case of the oocysts of E. ellipsoidalis, it was observed that the age of the animals influenced oocyst morphometry as analyzed using either measurement techniques. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the morphometry of oocysts was observed in relation to the intensity of infection.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a variação média no tamanho dos oocistos de Eimeria, segundo as categorias das variáveis: faixa etária das bezerras (zero a 100 e 101 a 180 dias de idade) e intensidade de infecção bem como correlacionar as espécies do gênero Eimeria, utilizando técnicas de morfometria. De agosto/2010 a junho/2011, no Município de Piraí, RJ, foram coletadas 1512 amostras de fezes de 57 bezerras, sendo 955 enquanto estavam na faixa etária de 0 a 100 dias e 557 já com 101 a 180 dias. Com base nas características morfológicas e morfométricas dos oocistos esporulados, identificaram-se nove espécies nas seguintes porcentagens: E. ellipsoidalis (39,7%), E. alabamensis (18,4%), E. bovis (12,1%), E. zuernii (11,4%), E. subspherica (7,3%), E. cylindrica (6,0%), E. auburnensis (3,6%), E. wyomingensis (1,0%) e E. canadensis (0,6%). As bezerras de até 100 dias apresentaram maior intensidade de infecção e, nas duas faixas etárias houve menos amostras classificadas como de alta intensidade. Pode-se observar que não houve correlação (p>0,05) entre as técnicas de medidas aplicadas, mostrando que uma independe da outra. Com base na análise dos oocistos da espécie E. ellipsoidalis, pode-se observar que a idade dos animais influenciou na morfometria dos oocistos em ambos os recursos de medida. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na morfometria dos oocistos de acordo com a intensidade de infecção.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Eimeria/microbiologia , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium sp. has emerged as one of the most important water contaminants, causing waterborne outbreaks of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. In Haiti, cryptosporidiosis is a frequent cause of diarrhoea in children under the age of five years, HIV-infected individuals, and people living in low socioeconomic conditions, mainly due to the consumption of water or food polluted by Cryptosporidium oocysts. The aim of this study was to detect and identify Cryptosporidium oocysts present in 12 water samples collected in Port-au-Prince and 4 water samples collected in Cap Haïtien. Initial detection consisted of immunomagnetic separation - immunofluorescence assay (IMS-IFA), which was confirmed by nested PCR, targeting the most polymorphic region of the 18S rRNA gene in 15/16 samples. Genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing. Under our working conditions, neither nested PCR-RFLP nor direct DNA sequencing revealed the expected species diversity, as only Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in the water samples studied. This study highlights the difficulty of detecting mixed populations of Cryptosporidium species in environmental samples.
Assuntos
Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Água/parasitologia , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Cryptosporidium/classificação , Cryptosporidium/genética , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Variação Genética , Haiti , Humanos , Oocistos/classificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Mapeamento por Restrição , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
Cryptosporidium spp. are cosmopolitan protozoa that infect fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals. More than 20 species are recognized within this genus. Rodents are a group of abundant and ubiquitous organisms that have been considered reservoirs of Cryptosporidium for humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to design specific primers for the gene encoding 18S rRNA, potentially capable of amplifying any species or genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. and evaluate the diagnostic attributes of the nested-PCR based on such probes. The primers were designed to amplify the shortest segment as possible to maximize the sensitivity of the test, but preserving the discriminatory potential of the amplified sequences for phylogenetic inferences. The nested-PCR standardized in this study (nPCR-SH) was compared in terms of sensitivity with another similar assay (nPCR-XIAO) that has been largely used for the detection and identification of Cryptosporidium spp. worldwide. We also aimed to molecularly characterize samples of Cryptosporidum spp. isolated from synanthropic rodents using these probes. Forty-five rodents were captured in urban areas of the municipality of Umuarama, Paraná State, Brazil. Fecal samples were submitted to three molecular tests (nested-PCRs), two of them targeted to the 18S rDNA gene (nPCR-SH and nPCR-XIAO) and the third targeted to the gene encoding actin (nPCR-actin). The nPCR-SH was tested positive on samples of Cryptosporidum parvum, Cryptosporidum andersoni, Cryptosporidum meleagridis, Cryptosporidum hominis, Cryptosporidum canis, and Cryptosporidum serpentis. Sixteen samples of rodents were positive by nPCR-SH, six by nPCR-XIAO and five by nPCR-actin. Sequencing of amplified fragments allowed the identification of Cryptosporidum muris in three samples of Rattus rattus, and two genotypes of Cryptosporidium, the genotypes mouse II and III. Cryptosporidium genotype mouse II was found in one sample of Mus musculus and genotype mouse III, in twelve samples, being five from R. rattus and seven from M. musculus. The results of this study demonstrated that the primers designed for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. were more efficient than those used in the nPCR-XIAO. Genotypes or species of Cryptosporidium that can be usually transmitted for human beings and livestock were not found in synanthropic rodents, suggesting that the importance of these animals in zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis should be revisited.
Assuntos
Criptosporidiose/veterinária , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Primers do DNA , Camundongos/parasitologia , Ratos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Actinas/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/transmissão , Cryptosporidium/classificação , Cryptosporidium/genética , Primers do DNA/normas , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , DNA Ribossômico , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oocistos/classificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/normas , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Doenças dos Roedores/transmissão , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
Nine opossums, Didelphis aurita , were captured in the city of Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and examined for species of Sarcocystis. Sporocysts were observed in the mucosal scrapings of the small intestine from 3 opossums. Five budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus , were infected with sporocysts from each of these infected opossums and 5 budgerigars were used as controls. Of the 15 sporocyst-treated budgerigars, 5 birds that received sporocysts from 1 of the infected opossums developed tissue parasites. Meronts in the vascular endothelium of the lung venous capillaries and cysts in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells were observed in histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The microscopic cysts, which were predominantly in the tongue and leg muscles, ranged from 65.3 to 118.1 µm in length and 14.0 to 29.4 µm in width and from 0.9 to 1.9 µm in thickness of the cystic wall. Sections examined by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cyst wall contained numerous slender and jagged-shaped protrusions, each with a finger-like formation at the end. The morphology, especially of the cyst wall, and the morphometry of the tissue cysts indicate that the parasite is Sarcocystis lindsayi and, therefore, the opossum, D. aurita , is now considered a definitive host for this species in Brazil.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Didelphis/parasitologia , Melopsittacus/parasitologia , Sarcocystis/fisiologia , Sarcocistose/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/veterinária , Músculos/parasitologia , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/ultraestrutura , Sarcocystis/classificação , Sarcocystis/isolamento & purificação , Sarcocystis/ultraestrutura , Sarcocistose/parasitologiaRESUMO
Melanoides tuberculata , naturally infected by gymnocephalous cercariae, were found in aquatic collections from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. After morphological characterization, larvae were used for experimental infection of Poecilia reticulata. Metacercariae were obtained from the liver of these fish, which were also found to be naturally infected in the same locality. The morphology and biology of the developmental stages of trematodes we obtained were characteristic of Renicola sp. This is the first record of renicolid cercariae and metacercariae in Brazil.
Assuntos
Gastrópodes/parasitologia , Trematódeos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cercárias/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Fígado/parasitologia , Masculino , Metacercárias/isolamento & purificação , Oocistos/classificação , Poecilia/parasitologia , Prevalência , Trematódeos/classificação , Trematódeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Trematódeos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterináriaRESUMO
The focus of this work is to determine the distribution and identify species of Eimeria parasites of dairy goats in the livestock of the National Goat and Sheep Research Center in Sobral, State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. Results showed the presence of multiple species in 196 of 215 analyzed samples (91.2%). Fifty five out of these were from kids (28%) and 141 from adult goats (72%). Eight different Eimeria species were identified and their prevalence in the herd was: Eimeria alijevi Musaev, 1970 (26.7%), E. arloingi (Marotel, 1905) Martin, 1909 (20.6%), E. hirci Chevalier, 1966 (18%), E. ninakohlyakimovae Yakimoff & Rastegaieff, 1930 (16.2%), E. jolchijevi Musaev, 1970 (8.7%), E. christenseni Levine, Ivens & Fritz, 1962 (6%), E. caprovina Lima, 1980 (2.8%) and E. caprina Lima, 1979 (1%). Moreover, E. ninakohlyakimovae showed higher prevalence in kids (97%), followed by E. arloingi and E. alijevi (88%). On the other hand, E. alijevi (77%) was more common in adult goats followed by E. hirci (74%) and E. ninakohlyakimovae (70%). The species E. caprina had low frequency in both kids (27%) and adult goats (13%). Data indicated that infection was relatively common among kids and adult goats. The implementation of a routine diagnostic strategy can be useful in maintaining Eimeria populations under monitoring and will enable the determination of its potential impact on dairy goat herds in Northeast Brazil.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeria/citologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Cabras , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/citologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Organisms of the genera Toxoplasma, Hammondia and Neospora, the Hammondia-like organisms, are closely related coccidian with similarly sized oocysts. Therefore, a diagnosis based on microscopy of oocysts in feces is not a method of choice for species identification of these important parasites. In this paper, we present a polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method to differentially diagnose oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii from oocyst of Hammondia hammondi. Another PCR-RFLP was designed to differentiate oocysts of Hammondia heydorni from oocysts of Neospora spp. Both PCR-RFLP are based on nucleotide sequences of the Hsp70 coding gene. In conclusion, we presented two alternative molecular diagnostic assays that can be successfully applied for the differentiation of oocysts of Hammondia-like organisms shed by felids and canids.