RESUMO
Woodcreepers are passerines of the family Dendrocolaptidae, which have a high forest dependency. The current work aimed to redescribe Isospora striata McQuistion et al. 1997, from two new hosts in protected areas in Brazil, revealing new localities of parasitism, in addition to providing preliminary genotypic identifications via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene from both host species. Isospora striata has oocysts that are subspheroidal to ovoidal, 19.4 × 16.8 µm with smooth wall. Oocyst residuum is absent, but micropyle and polar granules are present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 13.6 × 8.3 µm, with both Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies. Sporocyst residuum is present and sporozoites with refractile body, nucleus, and striations. The morphological study and the 100% similarity in sequencing of the COI gene between samples of different dendrocolaptid species confirmed the identification of a single species, supporting the identification of I. striata in the Brazilian Atlantic forest and consequently the wide distribution of this coccidian species in the Neotropical Region.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Isospora/fisiologia , Isosporíase/veterinária , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA de Protozoário/química , Isospora/classificação , Isospora/genética , Isospora/ultraestrutura , Isosporíase/epidemiologia , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Filogenia , Prevalência , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Esporozoítos/citologiaRESUMO
Species in the genus Gorgoderina Looss, 1902 are parasites of the urinary bladder of amphibians and include around 50 species described globally. Molecular data on species of the genus are scarce, as is the information of their life-cycle patterns. During a survey on the genetic characterization of the frog trematodes in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, in the Gulf of Mexico slope of Mexico, specimens of two morphotypes of Gorgoderina were sampled from the Rio Grande leopard frog, Rana berlandieri. One of them represented an undescribed species which is described herein as Gorgoderina rosamondae n. sp., whereas the other one was morphologically very similar to an apparently widely distributed North American species, G. attenuata, which has been previously reported in the same geographical area. Specimens of both morphotypes were sequenced for two nuclear and one mitochondrial genes. Phylogenetic trees corroborated the distinction of the new species, and data on the internal transcribed spacer 2 revealed genetic differences between G. attenuata sequenced from frogs in USA and specimens of Gorgoderina sp. from Los Tuxtlas, indicating the possibility that they also represent an undescribed species. COI sequences showed high genetic divergence values between the new species and Gorgoderina sp. from Los Tuxtlas (8.63-9.99%). Additionally, COI sequences of the larval forms (sporocyst, cercariae and metacercariae) sampled in the same locality from their first and second intermediate hosts (Pisidium sp. and Agriogomphus tumens, respectively) showed conspecificity, and the 3 host life-cycle of the new species was elucidated.
Assuntos
Ranidae , Trematódeos/classificação , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Animais , Cercárias/anatomia & histologia , Cercárias/classificação , Cercárias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cercárias/ultraestrutura , Metacercárias/anatomia & histologia , Metacercárias/classificação , Metacercárias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Metacercárias/ultraestrutura , México/epidemiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Oocistos/classificação , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oocistos/ultraestrutura , Filogenia , Prevalência , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , Trematódeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trematódeos/ultraestrutura , Infecções por Trematódeos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira & Lopes, 2015 was identified from a new host, the plain antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck), and also from the white-shouldered fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Vieillot, in its type-locality, the Itatiaia National Park in the southeastern Brazil, and a preliminary genotypic characterisation by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene is provided. The oöcysts recovered from P. leucoptera and D. mentalis were polymorphic and have genotypic differences that were not considered sufficient for the description of new species, but only different genotypes and morphotypes of I. parnaitatiaiensis related to each host. These morphological and molecular variations were associated with a process of ongoing speciation and in adaptive development to their respective host species.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Isospora/classificação , Isospora/genética , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Genótipo , Isospora/citologia , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/genética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Up to now, four coccidian species have been identified in Rallidae (Aves: Gruiformes): Eimeria mongolica, E. alakuli, E. paludosa and E. porphyrulae. Here, we described an Eimeria species, E. paludosa, from a common gallinule (Gallinula galeata) in Mexico. Oocysts were ovoid and wall pitted single-layered. A prominent micropyle was present, the oocyst residuum absent and the polar granule was present. On histological examination of tissues, endogenous stages (meronts, microgametocytes and macrogametocytes) were seen in the epithelial cells of the small intestine (upper and lower intestine). In addition to a new locality, this is the first description of E. paludosa from G. galeata and is the third description of a coccidian infecting Rallidae in the Americas.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitologia , México/epidemiologia , Oocistos/citologiaRESUMO
Cryptosporidiosis has been reported as an important cause of neonatal diarrhea and mortality in cattle, sheep, and other ruminants, but its impact on alpaca health has not been studied thoroughly. In this study, we have determined the prevalence and evaluated the role of cryptosporidiosis as a risk factor for diarrhea occurrence in newborn alpacas. During the calving season (January-March) of 2006, stool specimens (N = 1312) were collected from 24 herds of newborn alpacas in Puno and Cuzco, departments that account for the largest populations of alpacas in Peru. All the specimens were microscopically screened for Cryptosporidium spp. using the acid-fast technique. The association between Cryptosporidium detection and diarrhea was analyzed using χ2 test and generalized lineal model. Cryptosporidium species were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 159 of 1312 (12.4%) newborn alpacas. Results of the analyses demonstrated that crypstosporidiosis was significantly associated with diarrhea (PR = 3.84; CI95% 2.54-5.81; p < 0.0001). Only Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in the 153 Cryptosporidium-infected animals. Thus, there is an association of C. parvum infection with diarrhea in neonatal alpacas.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/parasitologia , Cryptosporidium parvum/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Cryptosporidium parvum/classificação , Cryptosporidium parvum/citologia , Cryptosporidium parvum/genética , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Subunidades Ribossômicas Menores/genética , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A large-scale cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to evaluate prevalence, species diversity, and associated risk factors of Eimeria infections in 55 cattle farms across seven states of Colombia, including subtropical and tropical regions. In total, 1333 fecal samples from young animals (< 1 year of age) were examined at a single sampling date from August 2016 to December 2016. Flotation and McMaster techniques were conducted for parasitological investigation. Excreted Eimeria oocysts were allowed to sporulate in vitro and thereafter identified to species level based on morphological and morphometric characteristics. The overall Eimeria prevalence was 75.5% (1006/1333), with no difference observed between age categories. In total, 13 different Eimeria species were identified. The most prevalent species was E. bovis (33.5%), followed by E. auburnensis (12.5%) and E. zuernii (11.9%). Analysis of extrinsic associated risk factors revealed the floor type, feeding system, watering system, and herd size as significant (p < 0.05) risk factors for Eimeria spp. infections. Based on these data, it can be assumed that bovine coccidiosis infections occur ubiquitously in the country and might play an important role especially in its subclinical form by affecting production parameters in conventional cattle management systems.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bovinos , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/citologia , Fazendas , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Coccidia (Chromista: Miozoa: Eimeriidae) of columbiform birds (Aves: Columbiformes) have been described since the end of the nineteenth century; however, some of these descriptions were poorly detailed or inconclusive. In this sense, the current work makes a detailed taxonomic revision reconsidering and organizing 18 Eimeria spp. and two Isospora spp. previously described or reported of Columbiformes. Along with this, a new species of Eimeria is morphologically and molecularly identified by the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and by the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) gene from the ruddy ground-dove Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1809) in the Médio Paraíba region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Eimeria columbinae n. sp. has subspheroidal oocysts, 14.7 × 13.2 µm, with smooth, bi-layered wall, ~ 1.1 µm and length/width ratio of 1.1. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are present, but polar granule is absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal to slightly asymmetrical, 9.0 × 5.1 µm, with both Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies. Sporocyst residuum present and sporozoites with refractile body and nucleus. This is the 19th description of an eimerian from Columbiformes in the World, and the second to have a molecular identification of the COI and 18S genes.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Columbiformes/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/classificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/genética , Eimeriidae/citologia , Eimeriidae/genética , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Esporozoítos/citologia , Esporozoítos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
We describe three new coccidian species of the genus Eimeria Schneider 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) and redescribe and report Eimeria zygodontomyis Lainson and Shaw, 1990 in the montane grass mouse, Akodon montensis Thomas, 1913 from the Serra dos Órgãos National Park in southeastern Brazil. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria zygodontomyis are ellipsoidal to cylindrical with a 0.6 (0.5-0.8) µm thick very delicate bi-layered wall; length × width (n = 49) 18.3 × 12.5 (16-20 × 11-13) µm; length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.2-1.6); 1 polar granule occasionally present; micropyle, residuum both absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal; length × width 8.5 × 5.2 (8-11 × 5-6) µm; length/width ratio of 1.5 (1.3-1.7) µm; Stieda body is prominent; sub-Stieda body is absent; sporocyst residuum is compact. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria montensis n. sp. are spheroidal to subspheroidal with a 1.2 (1.0-1.4) µm thick bi-layered wall; outer layer lightly pitted; length × width (n = 30) 16.3 × 12.5 (15-17 × 13-15) µm; length/width ratio of 1.3 (1.0-1.4); 1 polar granule present; micropyle, residuum both absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal; length × width 7.2 × 5.1 (6-8 × 4-6) µm; length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.2-1.6); Stieda body is present, sub-Stieda body is absent; sporocyst residuum consists of small, scattered granules. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria uricanensis n. sp. are ovoidal to pyriform with a 1.4 ( 1.3-1.6) µm thick bi-layered wall; outer layer lightly pitted; length × width (n = 40) 26.6 × 18.6 (23-30 × 17-20) µm; length/width ratio of 1.4 (1.3-1.6); 1 polar granule present; micropyle, residuum both absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, length × width 13.3 × 8.0 (10-16 × 7-9) µm; length/width ratio of 1.7 (1.5-1.9); Stieda body, sub-Stieda body both absent; sporocyst residuum consists of a cluster of granules, forming a spheroid mass. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria parnasiensis n. sp. are subspheroidal to ellipsoidal with a 1.8 ( 1.3-2.4) µm thick bi-layered wall; outer layer lightly pitted; length × width (n = 54) 28.2 × 21.9 (26-32 × 19-28) µm; length/width ratio of 1.3 (1.2-1.4); 1 polar granule present; micropyle is absent; oocyst residuum is present and consists of a cluster of granules of varying thickness. Sporocysts are ovoidal, tapering towards the Stieda body; length × width 12.2 × 7.6 (10-13 × 6-9) µm; length/width ratio of 1.6 (1.4-1.9); Stieda body is present; sub-Stieda body is absent; sporocyst residuum is present and consists of an aggregate of thin granules.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/classificação , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeria/citologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Parques RecreativosRESUMO
In the current work, Isospora massardi Lopes, Berto, Luz, Galvão, Ferreira & Lopes, [10] is identified from white-necked thrushes Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818, rufous-bellied thrushes Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818 and from a new host, the yellow-legged thrush Turdus flavipes (Vieillot, 1818) in a new locality, the Itatiaia National Park, in Southeastern Brazil, providing a preliminary genotypic characterization via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The oocysts and sporocysts of I. massardi of the current study are morphologically similar to the original description and are uniform in the proportionality of width on length, but exhibited different patterns of size associated with each host species. Furthermore, a genotypic difference of 3% was found in the COI sequences from T. flavipes and T. albicollis. Therefore, an ecological discussion is introduced aimed at associating these morphometric and genotypic differences with an ongoing speciation process.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/veterinária , Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Isospora/citologia , Isospora/genética , Isosporíase/epidemiologia , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/genética , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Aves CanorasRESUMO
Isospora toxostomai n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described based on material from the curved-billed thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre (Swainson) in the Central Highlands of Mexico. The new species possesses subspherical oöcysts, with a smooth, bi-layered wall. Sporulated oöcysts measure 22-25 × 21-24 (23.4 × 22.3) µm; length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.0-1.1 (1.1). Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 15-17 × 10-11 (15.8 × 10.5); L/W ratio of 1.3-1.6 (1.5). Micropyle and oöcyst residuum are both absent, and a polar granule present (many fibrils). Mean dimensions of both sporulated oöcysts and sporocysts of I. toxostomai n. sp. appear to be considerably larger than those of Isospora mimusi Coelho, Berto, Neves, Oliveira Flausino & Lopes, 2011 from the tropical mockingbird Mimus gilvus (Vieilot) in Brazil. This is the second species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 infecting a host of the Mimidae in the Americas.
Assuntos
Isospora/classificação , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Isospora/citologia , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Isospora phainopepla n. sp. is described from the faeces of Phainopepla nitens (Swainson) collected in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA. To our knowledge, there are no metazoan or protist parasites described yet from any species in the Ptiliogonatidae of the Americas. Sporulated oöcysts of the isosporan are ellipsoidal, 30-35 × 22-29 (32.9 × 25.4) µm, with a length/width (L/W) ratio 1.20-1.35 (1.30); one rice-shaped polar granule is present, but both oöcyst residuum and micropyle are absent. Sporocyts are elongate-ellipsoidal, 22-27 × 11-14 (23.9 × 12.0) µm, with L/W ratio 1.97-2.02 (2.00); prominent Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies are both present, but para-Stieda body is absent. Sporocyst residuum of many scattered granules is present and the sporozoites have prominent anterior and posterior refractile bodies. This parasite is clearly new to science and represents the first species of Isospora hosted by a New World bird species from this small family of silky flycatchers (Ptiliogonatidae). This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as 7F664B0D-DF0E-4CAD-8CEA-45D79C8BBF92. This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number. This is the Version of Record.
Assuntos
Isospora/classificação , Parques Recreativos , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , California , Isospora/citologia , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Isospora sporophilae Carvalho-Filho, Meireles, Ribeiro & Lopes, 2005 was morphologically and molecularly identified from the double-collared seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux), which is categorised as 'vulnerable' by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), and from the uniform finch Haplospiza unicolor Cabanis in conserved and anthropomorphic/fragmented areas of Atlantic Forest in the southeastern Brazil. The oöcysts recovered from S. frontalis and H. unicolor had small morphological and genotypic differences that were not considered sufficient for the description of new species, but only different genotypes of I. sporophilae related to each host. This coccidian species was originally described from double-collared seedeaters Sporophila caerulescens (Vieillot) in a center screening of wild animals; therefore, this new report emphasises a potential occurrence of anthropomorphic dispersion of coccidia through illegal trade, seizures and reintroductions in the wild.
Assuntos
Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Isospora/fisiologia , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Isospora/citologia , Isospora/genética , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/genéticaRESUMO
Despite the great diversity of coccidians, to our knowledge, no coccidian infections have been described in Oecomys spp. In this context, we examined Oecomys mamorae Thomas (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Brazilian Pantanal for infections with enteric coccidia. Nine individuals were sampled, and one was found to be infected. The oöcysts were recovered through centrifugal flotation in sugar solution. Using morphological and morphometric features, we described a new species of Cystoisospora Frenkel, 1977. Sporulated oöcysts were ovoidal 20.0-29.1 × 16.4-23.2 (26.7 × 21.2) µm and contained two sporocysts, 12.9-19.1 × 9.4-13.9 (16.4 × 12.4) µm, each with four banana-shaped sporozoites. Polar granule and oöcyst residuum were both absent. We documented the developmental forms in the small intestine and described the histopathological lesions in the enteric tract. Our results indicate that the prevalence of Cystoisospora mamorae n. sp. in O. mamorae is low, and tissue damage in the enteric tract is mild, even in the presence of coccidian developmental stages.
Assuntos
Arvicolinae/parasitologia , Sarcocystidae/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Oocistos/citologia , Sarcocystidae/citologia , Sarcocystidae/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Esporozoítos/citologiaRESUMO
A new coccidian species of the genus Isospora Schneider 1881 (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) is reported from a single specimen of chelid turtle, Platemys platycephala (Schneider, 1792), obtained in a flooded area of the Amazonian municipality of Altamira, in Pará State, northern Brazil. The oöcysts of Isospora platemysi n. sp. are subspheroidal, 19.0-24.0 × 22.5-18.5 (22.6 × 20.8) µm in size [length/width ratio 1.0-1.1 (1.1)], with a colourless wall, 1.0-1.9 (1.4) wide, with two smooth layers; polar granule is present, oöcyst residuum and micropyle are both absent. The sporocyst is ovoidal, 10.0-12.1 × 8.0-10.0 (11.0 × 9.1) µm [length/width ratio 1.1-1.3 (1.2), with a knob-like Stieda body. Sub-Stieda body is present, rounded irregular-trapezoidal; para-Stieda body is absent. Sporocyst residuum is dispersed and composed of granules of differing sizes. This is only the fifth record of Isospora in chelonians, and the first report of a coccidian parasite of the genus Platemys.
Assuntos
Isospora/classificação , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A new coccidian species of the genus Caryospora Léger, 1904 (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) is described based on material from the Guanabara spotted night snake Siphlophis pulcher (Raddi) (Reptilia: Dipsadidae) in a coastal area of the Atlantic Forest in Ilha Grande Island, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Caryospora ceadsensis n. sp. possesses spheroidal to slightly subspheroidal oöcysts measuring 17-24 × 17-24 (22.1 × 22.0) µm, with a c.1.3 µm thick bi-layered wall (inner layer smooth, outer layer slightly striated), length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.0-1.1 (1.0) and a highly refractive polar granule. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 11-17 × 10-13 (14.7 × 11.2) µm, with a L/W ratio of 1.0-1.5 (1.3), with a nipple-like Stieda body (1.1 µm high and 2.9 µm wide) and a large, bubble-shaped sub-Stieda body 1.7 µm high and 3.8 µm wide (1.0-2.0 × 3.0-4.5 µm). Sporocyst residuum composed of granules of differing sizes. Sporozoites with striations. This is the sixth record of a species of Caryospora in snakes of the family Dipsadidae in Brazil.
Assuntos
Colubridae/parasitologia , Eimeriidae/classificação , Eimeriidae/citologia , Animais , Brasil , Florestas , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A new species of coccidian, Isospora guaxi n. sp., and Isospora bellicosa Upton, Stamper & Whitaker, 1995 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are recorded from red-rumped caciques Cacicus haemorrhous (L.) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brazil. Isospora guaxi n. sp. has sub-spheroidal oöcysts, measuring on average 30.9 × 29.0 µm, with smooth, bi-layered wall c.1.9 µm thick. Micropyle and oöcyst residuum are absent, but a polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, measuring on average 19.3 × 13.8 µm. Stieda body is knob-like and sub-Stieda body is prominent and compartmentalized. Sporocyst residuum is composed of scattered granules. Sporozoites are vermiform, with one refractile body and a nucleus. Isospora bellicosa has sub-spheroidal to ovoidal oöcysts, measuring on average 27.1 × 25.0 µm, with smooth, bi-layered wall c.1.5 µm thick. Micropyle and oöcyst residuum are absent, but one or two polar granules are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, measuring on average 18.1 × 10.9 µm. Stieda body is knob-like and sub-Stieda body is rounded to rectangular. Sporocyst residuum is composed of a cluster of compact or diffuse granules. Sporozoites are vermiform, with one refractile body and a nucleus. Isospora bellicosa was originally described from the Peruvian meadowlark Sturnella bellicosa deFilippi, a trans-Andean icterid which is allopatric with the cis-Andean C. haemorrhous. Therefore, in conclusion, this current study reveals the dispersion of coccidia from Icteridae across the Andes Mountains, besides describing the sixth isosporoid coccidium infecting an icterid bird.
Assuntos
Coccídios/fisiologia , Isospora/classificação , Isospora/fisiologia , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Demografia , Isospora/citologia , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Esporozoítos/citologiaRESUMO
Dietary rumen-protected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) rich in linoleic acid (LA) may affect embryo yield, and LA can modulate the molecular mechanisms of lipid uptake in bovine blastocysts produced in vitro. In embryos, membrane lipids, such as phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs), affect cryopreservation success. The aim of the present study was to evaluate embryonic developmental rates after the IVF of oocytes retrieved from Nellore heifers fed for approximately 90 days with rumen-protected PUFAs rich in LA. In addition, we evaluated embryo cryotolerance and the membrane structure lipid composition using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry of fresh and vitrified embryos. Embryo development to the blastocyst stage (mean 43.2%) and embryo survival after vitrification and warming (mean 79.3%) were unaffected by diet. The relative abundance of one lipid species (PC ether (PCe; 38:2, which means that this lipid has 38 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds in the fatty acyl residues) was increased after PUFAs supplementation. However, 10 ions were affected by cryopreservation; ions consistent with PC 32:0, PC 34:1, SM 24:1, PC 40:6 or PC 42:9, PC plasmalogen (PCp) 44:10 or PC 42:7, triacylglycerol (TAG) 54:9 and a not assigned ion (m/z 833.2) were lower in blastocysts that survived to the cryopreservation process compared with fresh blastocysts, whereas the abundance of the ions PC 36:3 or PC 34:0, PCe 38:2 or PC 36:6 and PC 36:5 or PCe 38:1 were increased after cryopreservation. Thus, the results demonstrate that the mass spectrometry profiles of PC, SM and TAG species differ significantly in bovine blastocysts upon cryopreservation. Because the lipid ion abundances of fresh and vitrified-warmed embryos were distinct, they can be used as potential markers of post-cryopreservation embryonic survival.
Assuntos
Criopreservação/veterinária , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Ectogênese , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Lipídeos de Membrana/metabolismo , Oocistos/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Endogâmicos , Blastocisto , Brasil , Bovinos , Estudos Cross-Over , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Ácido Linoleico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Linoleico/metabolismo , Masculino , Lipídeos de Membrana/química , Oocistos/citologia , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Recuperação de Oócitos/veterinária , Plasmalogênios/química , Plasmalogênios/metabolismo , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , VitrificaçãoRESUMO
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are an important form of contamination with a high dispersion in the environment, but their detection is still a challenge. This study evaluated the recovery of oocysts from strawberries and crisphead lettuce. Samples (250 g of strawberries or one head of lettuce) were experimentally inoculated with 10, 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) T. gondii oocysts, by two separate processes, spot dripping and immersion. Then, 50 g of each sample was washed, filtered through a cellulose ester membrane, and concentrated by centrifugation. Three aliquots were taken for DNA extraction in a direct way, after freeze-thaw (FT) cycles or ultrasound (US), followed by PCR (B22-B23 and Tox4-Tox5 primers). The T. gondii DNA was amplified with the primers B22-B23 in all samples contaminated by dripping and when DNA extraction was carried out after FT or US. These techniques may be useful in epidemiological surveillance in the control of this zoonosis.
Assuntos
Parasitologia de Alimentos/métodos , Frutas/parasitologia , Lactuca/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Fragaria/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Folhas de Planta/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
A new isosporoid coccidian species (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is reported from the southern house wren Troglodytes musculus, a very well distributed species in South and Central America. Isospora corruirae sp. nov. oocysts are subspherical to ovoidal, 24.1 × 21.4 µm, with smooth, bilayered wall. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but small spherules and splinter-like granules are frequently present. Sporocysts are ovoidal to piriform, 14.0 × 9.5 µm. Stieda body is prominent knob-like and substieda body is delicate. Sporocyst residuum is composed of scattered fragments of different sizes. Sporozoites are vermiform with posterior refractile bodies, anterior striations and a nucleus. This is the second description of an isosporoid coccidium infecting a New World wren.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Isospora/classificação , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Aves Canoras/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Isospora/citologia , Oocistos/citologiaRESUMO
The adult monorchiid, Postmonorcheides maclovini Szidat, 1950, digenean parasite of the Patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier) (Eleginopidae) from Puerto Deseado (47° 45' S, 65° 55' W), Argentina, was characterized and its life cycle elucidated. P. maclovinus is the only species of the genus Postmonorcheides, proposed by Szidat (1950) from Tierra del Fuego province (~54° S), Argentina. This digenean uses the Patagonian blennie as definitive host, and the intertidal bivalve Lasaea adansoni (Gmelin) (Lasaeidae) as both first and second intermediate hosts (metacercariae encyst inside sporocysts), being the first record of this clam as intermediate host of trematode parasites. The cercaria may, in addition to encysting in the sporocyst, emerge and presumably infect other intermediate hosts. This is the second report of a monorchiid species with metacercariae encysting inside the sporocyst. Adults were found parasitizing the fish stomach, pyloric caeca and intestine with a prevalence of 100%; sporocysts with cercariae and/or metacercariae were found parasitizing the gonad of the bivalve with a prevalence of 2.78%. The cercariae possess a well-developed tail and eye-spots are absent. The ITS1 sequence from the adult digeneans found in the Patagonian blennie, identified as P. maclovini, was found to be identical to the ITS1 sequences obtained both from sporocysts containing cercariae and encysted metacercariae found in L. adansoni.