Assuntos
Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico/instrumentação , Oftalmopatias/patologia , Smartphone , Telemedicina/instrumentação , Corpo Vítreo/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/etnologia , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Descolamento do VítreoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of reduced visual acuity and ocular disease in the children of migrant farmworkers in Georgia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of data acquired by a vision screening was performed on 156 Haitian and Hispanic children of migrant farmworkers attending a summer school in Georgia. Reduced visual acuity at presentation was analyzed and stratified by ethnicity, type of ocular disease, and immediate resolution with refractive correction. RESULTS: The authors found that 20% of migrant farmworker children have a high prevalence of reduced visual acuity in the worse eye. Of those with worse-eye reduced visual acuity, 83% had uncorrected refractive error. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error from astigmatism and high astigmatism was significantly higher among Hispanics than Haitians. The prevalence of amblyopia suspects among migrant farmworker children was 3%. Of the amblyopia suspects, 80% were anisometropic. CONCLUSIONS: Children of migrant farmworkers in Georgia have a higher rate of reduced visual acuity, largely from uncorrected refractive error, when compared to other Hispanic and African American children in the United States with a prevalence more aligned to children in Asian and Latin American countries than school children in the United States. This illustrates the need for improved access to screening and care in this vulnerable population. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(1):28-34.].
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Fazendeiros , Migrantes , Transtornos da Visão/etnologia , Seleção Visual/métodos , Acuidade Visual , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Oftalmopatias/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Haiti/etnologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , México/etnologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Visão/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To perform an epidemiological study of eye diseases in the population of four indigenous communities in the City of Avai in the state of São Paulo - Brazil: Ekeruá, Kopenoti, Nimuendaju and Tereguá. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study performed by the Medical Residency Program of the Center of Excellence in Ophthalmology (CEO-Bauru), including all the inhabitants of four indigenous tribes, between the months of March and April 2016. All participants were submitted to a complete eye examination that included refraction test and best-corrected visual acuity, external ocular motility and strabismus, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), color vision test, slit lamp examination and a complete evaluation of the fundus. Results: From a total of 584 natives from four villages, 377 (64.55%) attended the project. 283 appointments were performed at CEO - Bauru and 94 evaluations in the health center of Kopenoti village using a mobile ophthalmology unit. 48.54% of the participants were male and 51.46% female. The mean age was 32.03 ± 21.45 years. Our study found prevalence of pterygium of 14.05%, cataract of 6.63%, glaucoma of 1.85% and diabetic retinopathy of 1.59%. These numbers are higher than found in other epidemiological studies. Regarding refractive errors, 36.99% presented astigmatism, 4.24% simple myopia and 8.35% simple hyperopia. Conclusion: These information are extremely important because they show higher rates of eye diseases in a needy and remote population of urban health centers, and in need of medical care. It is noteworthy that all patients from this study who presented refractive errors, received glasses with the corrected refractive lenses.
Resumo Objetivo: Fazer um estudo epidemiológico das afecções oculares da população de quatro aldeias indígenas da cidade de Avaí, no estado de São Paulo - Brasil: Ekeruá, Kopenoti, Nimuendaju e Tereguá. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, transversal realizado pelo serviço de residência médica da Clínica CEO-Bauru, em que foram incluídos todos os habitantes de quatro tribos indígenas, entre os meses de março a abril de 2016. Todos os participantes foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico completo que incluía refração e medida da acuidade visual corrigida, avaliação da motilidade ocular extrínseca e estrabismo, aferição da pressão intraocular (PIO), teste de visão de cores, biomicroscopia e mapeamento de retina. Resultados: Do total de 584 índios das quatro aldeias, 377 (64,55%) compareceram participando do projeto. Foram realizadas 283 consultas na clínica CEO - Bauru e 94 consultas no posto de saúde da aldeia Kopenoti através do uso de uma unidade oftalmológica móvel. 48,54% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino e 51,46% do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 32,03 ± 21,45 anos. Nosso trabalho encontrou prevalência de pterígio de 14.05%, catarata de 6.63%, glaucoma de 1,85% e retinopatia diabetic de 1,59%. Esses números são maiores do que os encontrados em outros estudos epidemiológicos. Em relação aos erros de refração, 36,99% apresentaram astigmatismo, 4,24% miopia simples e 8.35% hipermetropia simples. Conclusão: Essas informações são de extrema importância pois mostram maior índice de patologias oculares em uma população carente e afastada dos centros urbanos de saúde, e que necessitam de assistência médica. Vale ressaltar que todos os pacientes deste estudo que apresentaram erros de refração receberam os óculos com as lentes refrativas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Acuidade Visual , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Microscopia com Lâmpada de FendaRESUMO
IMPORTANCE: Regular ocular care is critical to early detection and prevention of eye disease and associated morbidity and mortality; however, there have been relatively few studies of ocular health care utilization among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with ocular health care utilization among Cuban, Central American, and South American Hispanics/Latinos in a cohort study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An ancillary study to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) evaluating ocular health, knowledge, risk factors, and health care use was conducted with 1235 HCHS/SOL participants (aged ≥40 years) at the Miami, Florida, study site. Data were collected from October 17, 2011, to September 30, 2013, and analyses were conducted from May 28, 2014, to March 18, 2015. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for 3 ocular health care outcomes. Regression models were built sequentially with variables conceptually grouped according to Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Ever having an eye examination, having an eye examination performed within the past 2 years, and difficulty obtaining needed eye care in the past year. RESULTS: Of the 1235 participants, 478 were men and 757 were women, and they had a mean (SD) age of 53.6 (8.1) years. Those who never had insurance were less likely to have had an eye examination (with data reported as odds ratios [95% CIs]) ever, 0.19 (0.07-0.53) and in the past 2 years, 0.22 (0.15-0.33) and were more likely to have had difficulty obtaining needed eye care in the past year (3.72 [1.75-7.93]). Those with less than excellent or good self-rated eyesight were less likely to ever have had an eye examination (0.26 [0.12-0.56]) and more likely to have had difficulty obtaining care (3.00 [1.48-6.11]). Men were less likely to ever have had an eye examination (0.31 [0.18-0.53]). Older (55-64 years) Hispanics/Latinos (3.04 [1.47-6.31]) and those with a high school degree or general educational development certification (2.06 [1.02-4.13]) or higher levels of education (4.20 [2.12-8.30]) were more likely to ever have had an eye examination. Finally, those living in the United States for more than 15 years (0.42 [0.21-0.82]) were less likely to have had difficulty obtaining care. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our findings suggest that increasing insurance coverage, decreasing the costs of care, and increasing the availability of care for Hispanics/Latinos with poor self-rated eyesight are relevant issues to address to improve ocular health care use among Hispanics/Latinos of diverse backgrounds.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Adulto , América Central/etnologia , Estudos de Coortes , Cuba/etnologia , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , América do Sul/etnologia , Testes VisuaisAssuntos
População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Cegueira/etnologia , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Baixa Visão/etnologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cegueira/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Oftalmopatias/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Suriname/epidemiologia , Baixa Visão/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de afecciones oculares en la población de Pinar del Río y realizar acciones resolutivas terapéuticas con la finalidad de revertir la condición existente.Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo y de intervención desde 2006 hasta 2010, mediante una pesquisa activa casa a casa. El universo fue la población mayo o igual a 5 años de edad de los 14 municipios de la provincia (estimado de 685 961 en el año 2006) y la muestra por los evaluados (605 915). Se implementaron estrategias de resolución de las afecciones encontradas...
Methods: a prospective and interventional study was conducted from 2006 to 2010, based on an active screening of houses. The universe was the population aged = 5 years from the 14 municipalities of the province (685 961 in 2006) and the sample was formed by those evaluated (605 915). Some strategies aimed to cope with these diseases were implemented...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Cegueira/prevenção & controle , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Latinos have one of the highest rates of visual impairment associated with eye disease in the United States. Although little is known about the prevalence and risk of undetected eye disease (UED) in this population, it is known that Latinos encounter disproportionate barriers in accessing health care, which may influence the burden of UED. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden and to evaluate factors associated with UED among Latinos, a majority of whom were Mexican-American. RESEARCH DESIGN: Population-based, cross-sectional study. A detailed interview and eye examination were performed on participants. SUBJECTS: A sample of 6,357 Latinos (95% of whom had Mexican ancestry), aged >or=40, in 6 census tracts in Los Angeles, California. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: UED (macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and refractive error) was defined as those persons with eye disease and no reported history of that eye disease. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent (3,349 of 6,357) of the participants had eye disease. Sixty-three percent (2,095 of 3,349) of them had UED. Major risk factors for UED included older age [odds ratio (OR): 4.7 (age >or=80)], having diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.3), never having had an eye examination (OR: 2.4), being uninsured (OR: 1.6), lower educational attainment (OR: 1.4), and low acculturation (OR: 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence of the burden of UED among Latinos. Interventions that address the modifiable risk factors (lack of insurance, never having had an eye examination, etc.) may improve detection of eye disease and decrease the burden of visual impairment in this high-risk minority population.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Complicações do Diabetes/etnologia , Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico , Oftalmopatias/etiologia , Feminino , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Los Angeles/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
AIM: To report the presence of Behçet's disease with ocular involvement in patients of west African or Afro-Caribbean origin. METHODS: Case series of eight patients reporting to a tertiary uveitis service. RESULTS: Eight patients with typical features of the disease are presented. Six of the eight patients were tested and found to be HLA-B51 negative. CONCLUSION: Behçet's disease has only been reported in sporadic case reports in the indigenous west African and Afro-Caribbean populations, in whom the incidence of HLA B51 is also very low. A series of patients from the London region presented with the typical symptoms and signs of disease, most of whom were also HLA B51 negative. The presence of disease in this population, when absent in the indigenous population, suggests either that ascertainment of disease is poor in the indigenous population or that acquired factors may be important in the aetiology of the disease.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Behçet/etnologia , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Adulto , Idoso , Síndrome de Behçet/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-B/análise , Antígeno HLA-B51 , Humanos , Jamaica/etnologia , Masculino , Nigéria/etnologia , Prevalência , Serra Leoa/etnologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the relationship of visual acuity impairment and eye disease on vision-related quality of life, as measured by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), in a cross-sectional, population-based study of older Hispanic persons living in Arizona. METHODS: A random sample of block groups with Hispanic residents in Nogales and Tucson, Arizona, were selected for study. Participants were interviewed at home with a questionnaire that included the NEI-VFQ-25, an instrument measuring vision-related quality of life. Acuity was obtained with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts and standard protocol. Cataract was determined by clinical examination, diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed on stereo fundus photographs, and glaucoma was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and visual field results. Analyses were done to determine the degree of association between subscale scores and acuity in the better-seeing eye, monocular visual impairment, and specific eye diseases, with adjustment for acuity. RESULTS: Of the 4774 participants in the study, 99.7% had completed questionnaires that were not completed by proxy. Participants with visual impairment had associated decrements in scores on all subscales, with a decrease in presenting acuity associated with a worse score (P < 0.05), after adjustment for demographic variables. Monocular impairment was also associated with lower scores in several subscales. In those with cataract, low acuity explained most of the low scores, but those with glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy had low scores independent of acuity. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of Mexican-American persons aged 40 or more, monocular impairment and better-eye acuity was associated with a decrease in most domains representing quality of life. Subjects with uncorrected refractive error, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma had associated decrements in quality of life, many not explained by loss of acuity. Further work on the specific measures of vision associated with reported decreases in quality of life, such as visual field or contrast sensitivity, is warranted.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/fisiopatologia , Americanos Mexicanos , Qualidade de Vida , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arizona/epidemiologia , Catarata/etnologia , Catarata/fisiopatologia , Retinopatia Diabética/etnologia , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Feminino , Glaucoma/etnologia , Glaucoma/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Erros de Refração/etnologia , Erros de Refração/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos da Visão/etnologia , Transtornos da Visão/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Exfoliation syndrome was found to occur much more frequently in the male Spanish American population of New Mexico. This was based on a Veterans Administration Medical Center study in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The prevalence of exfoliation in the Spanish Americans was estimated to be from 3-6 percent and this is consistent with many other such studies performed in the United States and other countries. The Spanish American population is 5.8 times more likely to develop exfoliation than the non-Spanish American population of New Mexico. Exfoliation was found on such eye structures as the lens, iris, ciliary processes, posterior capsule, vitreous face, posterior corneal surface, and arterial chamber angle. Glaucoma capsulare was also studied and it was found that there was not a significant difference between the Spanish American and the non-Spanish American population for developing the condition. However, there was a strong association of glaucoma with the presence of exfoliation in both groups. Based on our results, patients with exfoliation are 22 times more likely to develop glaucoma than are their age-matched controls. Also, 40 percent of the exfoliation patients had glaucoma compared with only 5 percent of the age-matched controls (p less than .001). The patients with glaucoma capsulare were found to have a more medically resistant type of glaucoma, which was consistent with other reports of this condition. There are two theories we propose for the existence of exfoliation in the Spanish American population of New Mexico. The first is a geographic climatic theory that relates exfoliation to greater solar radiation levels due to a high overall altitude and sunny weather in New Mexico.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Segmento Anterior do Olho , Glaucoma/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Doenças do Cristalino/etnologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Mexico/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
La primera parte de este estudio evalúa la morfometría de las papilas en 660 ojos de habitantes de Isla de Pascua, comparándola con las tensiones intraoculares encontradas. La gran mayoría de los pobladores pascuenses carecían de excavación papilar o presentaban una relación excavación/papila muy baja, en tanto que la población continental de la Isla tenía excavaciones substancialmente más grandes. Ello contrasta con las tensiones intraoculares medidas, cuya distribución y media eran iguales en los diferentes grupos étnicos de la Isla y tampoco diferían de otros estudios publicados. Esto confirma que el tamaño de la excavación papilar es un rasgo étnico, no necesariamente relacionado con la tensión intraocular o a la prevalencia de glaucoma. En la segunda parte, se analizan ciertos parámetros sociológicos de la atención oftalmológica en que se basó esta investigación, consignándose que los pascuenses consultaron en menor proporción relativa que los continentales y que el motivo de consulta difería en ambos grupos: en tanto los pascuenses acudían por patología orgánica, los continentales lo hacían por problemas de refracción. Junto con especular sobre las posibles explicaciones de estos diferentes comportamientos sociomédicos, los autores proponen tomar estos factores en consideración al planificar programas de atención médica
Assuntos
Humanos , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Chile , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Ilhas do PacíficoRESUMO
Entre los días 28 de octubre al 2 de noviembre de 1990, un equipo de oftalmólogos del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Santiago, Chile, atendió a 475 habitantes de Isla de Pascua. Los habitantes que presentaban una patología ocular fueron previamente seleccionados. Esta población seleccionada correspondió a un 20% del total de Isla de Pascua. Un 46% eran pascuenses puros; un 39% continentales; el resto mestizos. La frecuencia de discromatopsia en la población masculina pascuense fue de un 1,42%. Los pascuenses presentaban hendiduras palpebrales más anchas que las continentales, pero menores que las anglosajonas. En la población estudiada predominan las hipermetropias en los pascuenses y las miopías en los continentales
Assuntos
Humanos , Oftalmopatias/etnologia , Chile , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Ilhas do PacíficoRESUMO
This introductory lecture to the epidemiological session in the Workshop on the Exfoliation Syndrome (ES) gathers together figures for the prevalence of ES around the world. Prevalence figures from published reports are shown in the text separately for each country. Four ways of comparing the prevalences are used. 1) Prevalences in people over 60 years of age, 2) Percentages of glaucoma in persons with ES, 3) Percentages of ES in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, with separate statistics for the proportion of capsular glaucoma in patients treated with laser trabeculoplasty (LTP), 4) Prevalence of ES in patients with cataract. The major differences in prevalence can partly be explained by the different techniques used in the investigations. Very few authors have studied people in different countries, which is the best way of obtaining comparable results. The author has personally studied Finns, Lapps, Eskimos in Greenland, Canada and Alaska, Icelanders, populations in Tunis, India and Peru and four populations in the USSR by the same technique. The prevalences vary from 0% in Eskimos to 21% in Finns over 60 years of age, and are at the same high level in Lapps, Finns, Russians in Novosibirsk and Icelanders, but significantly lower in all the others. The results support the opinion that ES is not uniformly distributed in all countries, and this is confirmed by many reports from different countries in this workshop.