RESUMO
Objective. Studies that have evaluated correlation between body mass index (BMI) and novel lipid indices such as triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are scarce. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore the correlation between BMI and novel lipid indices in Bosnian patients with T2DM. Methods. Present study included 117 patients with T2DM (mean age: 66.51 years) and 68 controls (mean age: 68.37 years). BMI was calculated as weight/height². Lipids were measured by standard methods. TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were separately calculated. The differences between the groups were assessed by Student's t-test or Man Whitney U test. Correlations were determined by Spearman's test. Results. In a total sample of T2DM patients, 41.0% were overweight and 44.4% were obese. In the control group, 51.5% of subjects were overweight and 25.0% were obese. In T2DM group, a significant correlation was observed between BMI and HDL-C, LDL-C, TG/HDL, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. In the control group, there was a significant correlation found between BMI and HDL-C, TG, TG/HDL, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C-ratios. Correlation between BMI and other lipid parameters in T2DM and the control group was not determined. Conclusion. The present study showed significant correlation between BMI and novel lipid indices in both T2DM patients and the control group of subjects. Possible explanation for the observed results might be prevalence of overweight and obese participants in this study sample. Since novel lipid indices are used in the prediction of cardiometabolic risk, results obtained in the present study have valuable clinical implications.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , HDL-Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Obesidade , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Obesity is a major global health issue and WHO points out that 1 in 3 people globally is clinically obese. Obesity is a condition of having an excessive amount of body fat and is linked with several health disorders that include metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases as well as liver diseases. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are usually used to assess liver function. It is established that obesity results in many cases of liver disorders known as steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is the excessive deposit of fat within the liver cells that may result in inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Studies on obesity have established that obese subjects significantly tend to have higher liver enzymes like ALT and AST than non-obese adults. This study aims to compare these two liver enzymes between these two groups in the hopes of shedding light on how obesity impacts the liver and offers these biomarkers for NAFLD. The study was designed to assess the status of liver function in adult obese individuals by examining key markers, including serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and to compare them with non-obese adults. The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, in collaboration with the Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, from Octy 2023 to June 2024. The subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive non-random sampling. A total of 200 participants took part in this study. Out of them, 100 were selected as case (obese adults) and another 100 non-obese adults were selected as control. In this study, serum ALT and AST levels were measured for analytical study. All the values were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was done using by using SPSS Windows package version 26.0. The statistical significance of the difference between the case and control was calculated using Student's unpaired 't'- test. Pearson's correlation is done to see the level of significance. After careful evaluation, the mean±SD values of serum ALT were 37.14±15.18 U/L and 21.92±5.10 U/L in case and control groups respectively, and mean±SD values of serum AST were 41.15±15.24 U/L and 25.01±6.65 U/L in case and control group respectively. This study revealed that mean serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in obese adults. There was a significant positive correlation found between BMI with serum ALT and AST levels. Analyzing the findings of this cross-sectional study, significant alterations in serum ALT and AST levels were observed among obese adults.
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Alanina Transaminase , Aspartato Aminotransferases , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Obesidade , Humanos , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and knee pain, and further explore whether this association is mediated by obesity. METHODS: The population was derived from 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CRP and knee pain in three different models, and the linear trend was analyzed. A restricted cubic spline model to assess the nonlinear dose-response relationship between CRP and knee pain. Mediation analyses were used to assess the potential mediating role of obesity. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure robustness. RESULTS: Compared with adults with lower CRP (first quartile), those with higher CRP had higher risks of knee pain (odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.72 in third quartile; 1.56, 1.25-1.95 in fourth quartile) after adjusting for covariates (except body mass index [BMI]), and the proportion mediated by BMI was 76.10% (p < .001). BMI and CRP were linear dose-response correlated with knee pain. The odds ratio for those with obesity compared with normal to knee pain was 2.27 (1.42-3.65) in the first quartile of CRP, 1.99 (1.38-2.86) in the second, 2.15 (1.38-3.33) in the third, and 2.92 (1.72-4.97) in the fourth. CONCLUSION: Obesity mediated the systemic inflammation results in knee pain in US adults. Moreover, higher BMI was associated with higher knee pain risk in different degree CRP subgroups, supporting an important role of weight loss in reducing knee pain caused by systemic inflammation.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade , Humanos , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Articulação do Joelho , Dor/epidemiologia , Dor/sangue , Dor/etiologia , Artralgia/sangue , Artralgia/epidemiologia , Artralgia/etiologia , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Razão de ChancesRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, as measured by hormone levels, in Saudi women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study will also assess thyroid hormones and leptin, angiopoietin like 8 (ANGPTL8), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2D patients. A total of 250 women aged 40 to 60 years with T2DM were retrospectively studied between 2021 and 2022. This research examined medical records for T2DM patients. In this investigation, no T2DM patients had thyroid autoantibodies in their medical records. These patients were chosen for their FT4 and TSH values. All participants were Saudi females with T2DM, aged 54.5 years. Of the 250 participants, 32% had hypothyroidism, 14.8% had hyperthyroidism, and 40.8% (102) had no thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism (7.8â ±â 0.67 mmol/L) exhibited greater fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels than hyperthyroidism (7.1â ±â 0.64 mmol/L) (Pâ <â .05). Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid females had significant differences in high density lipoprotein-cholestrol (HDL-C), triglycerides, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin, ANGPTL8, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin levels (Pâ <â .05). Pearson's correlation test showed that T2DM patients' HDL-C levels were favorably but negatively correlated with leptin and ANGPTL8 levels. In hypothyroidism, thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) is favorably linked with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyscride (TG), TyG index, BMI, WC, leptin, ANGPTL8, hs-CRP, and IR. T2DM is linked to thyroid malfunction, notably hypothyroidism, which correlates positively with TSH. TSH variations due to increasing leptin, ANGPTL8, and TyG index may enhance the risk of insulin resistance diseases, such as obesity and CVD, in Saudi females with T2DM.
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Proteína 8 Semelhante a Angiopoietina , Proteínas Semelhantes a Angiopoietina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipotireoidismo , Leptina , Hormônios Tireóideos , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Feminino , Leptina/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Adulto , Proteínas Semelhantes a Angiopoietina/sangue , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , Hipotireoidismo/sangue , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , Hipertireoidismo/sangue , Hipertireoidismo/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Tireotropina/sangue , Hormônios PeptídicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a cardiovascular risk factor, increases in renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate ADMA levels in normal weight and obese patients on hemodialysis. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 43 normal weight and 43 obese patients on regular hemodialysis were examined. Malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), anthropometry, circulating ADMA, lipid profiles including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipid ratios, glucose homeostasis parameters, blood pressure, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed. RESULTS: Serum levels of ADMA were significantly lower in the obese compared to the normal weight patients (10268.2 ± 10092.4 vs. 13765.2 ± 9951.3 ng/l, P = 0.03). At the same time MIS score (6.1 ± 2.4 vs. 10.7 ± 3.2, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (119 ± 26.8 vs. 134.2 ± 24.7 mmHg, P = 0.018) and mean arterial pressure (91.3 ± 18.6 vs. 100.9 ± 15.9 mmHg, P = 0.028) were significantly lower in the obese than the normal weight group. Fasting blood glucose (P = 0.045), TG/HDL (P = 0.03), TC/HDL (P = 0.019), and LDL/HDL (P = 0.005) ratios, and hs-CRP (P = 0.015) levels were significantly higher in the obese than in the normal weight group. CONCLUSION: Circulating ADMA was significantly lower in obese than in normal weight patients on hemodialysis, which was concomitant with lower MIS, indicating a better nutritional inflammatory status, and lower blood pressure.
Assuntos
Arginina , Obesidade , Diálise Renal , Humanos , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/sangue , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Biomarcadores/sangue , IdosoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease represents a significant risk factor for mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is believed to play a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular health through its multifaceted atheroprotective effects and its capacity to enhance glycemic control. The impact of dietary interventions and intermittent fasting (IF) on HDL functionality remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary interventions and IF as a strategy to safely improve glycemic control and reduce body weight on functional parameters of HDL in individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Before the 12-week intervention, all participants (n = 41) of the INTERFAST-2 study were standardized to a uniform basal insulin regimen and randomized to an IF or non-IF group. Additionally, all participants were advised to adhere to dietary recommendations that promoted healthy eating patterns. The IF group (n = 19) followed an alternate-day fasting routine, reducing their calorie intake by 75% on fasting days. The participants' glucose levels were continuously monitored. Other parameters were measured following the intervention: Lipoprotein composition and subclass distribution were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) activity were assessed using cell-based assays and commercially available kits. Apolipoprotein M (apoM) levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Following the 12-week intervention, the IF regimen significantly elevated serum apoM levels (p = 0.0144), whereas no increase was observed in the non-IF group (p = 0.9801). ApoM levels correlated with weight loss and fasting glucose levels in the IF group. Both groups exhibited a robust enhancement in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006) after 12 weeks. Notably, only the non-IF group exhibited significantly elevated activity of PON1 (p = 0.0455) and LCAT (p = 0.0117) following the 12-week intervention. In contrast, the changes observed in the IF group did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A balanced diet combined with meticulous insulin management improves multiple metrics of HDL function. While additional IF increases apoM levels, it does not further enhance other aspects of HDL functionality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) on 3 September 2019 under the number DRKS00018070.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Jejum , Obesidade , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferase , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Jejum/sangue , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferase/sangue , Resultado do Tratamento , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/terapia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Restrição Calórica , Arildialquilfosfatase/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Proteínas de Transferência de Ésteres de Colesterol/sangue , Redução de Peso , Idoso , Adulto , Dieta Saudável , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/sangue , Jejum IntermitenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is rising dramatically worldwide. Recently, there is increasing evidence linking obesity with the functional state of the intestinal microbiota. The understanding of this relationship may provide new approaches to the treatment of obesity by manipulating the qualitative and quantitative parameters of intestinal bacterial-fungal associations. AIM: To study the features of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the colon microbiota and to evaluate associations with anamnestic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters in young obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center, cross-sectional, single-stage, controlled study was conducted with the participation of 118 young people, of whom 87 were obese, and 31 people with normal body weight formed the control group. All participants underwent a biochemical blood test (total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein), as well as an assessment of the state of the colon microbiota using polymerase chain reaction in real time using a set of Colonoflor-16 (premium) reagents. The Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 application software package was used for statistical calculations. The results were evaluated as statistically significant at a level of p<0.05. RESULTS: Analyzing the result of Colonoflor-16 premium, the discrepancy between the obtained data of the control group and the reference values of the analysis was revealed. There was a clear tendency to decrease the content of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp in the obesity group. In addition, in comparison with the control group (10.3%), in the obesity group Fusobacterium nucleatum significantly prevailed (37.6%) (p=0.005), with a significant decrease in the bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p=0.030), and an increase in the bacteria Prevotella spp (p=0.029). A lot of associations of representatives of the colon microbiota with the most important anamnestic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were revealed in young obese patients. CONCLUSION: There is a redistribution of microbiota phylotypes characterized by a decrease in apathogenic microorganisms and the appearance and increase of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms, which generally indicates the formation of the pro-inflammatory potential of dominants and associates in young obese patients. The presence of statistically significant correlations strongly indicates of existence of close and diverse relationships between the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the microbiota and the metabolic parameters of patients.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Obesidade , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Obesidade/microbiologia , Obesidade/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The structure-function relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations are not well understood. Our aim was to examine the interrelationships between HDL particle proteome and HDL functionality in subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: We isolated 5 different HDL subpopulations based on charge, size, and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) content from the plasma of 33 overweight/obese CHD patients and 33 age-and body mass index (BMI)-matched CHD-free subjects. We measured the relative molar concentration of HDL-associated proteins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and assessed particle functionality. RESULTS: We quantified 110 proteins associated with the 5 APOA1-containing HDL subpopulations. The relative molar concentration of these proteins spanned five orders of magnitude. Only 10 proteins were present in >1% while 73 were present in <0.1% concentration. Only 6 of the 10 most abundant proteins were apolipoproteins. Interestingly, the largest (α-1) and the smallest (preß-1) HDL particles contained the most diverse proteomes. The protein composition of each HDL subpopulation was altered in CHD cases as compared to controls with the most prominent differences in preß-1 and α-1 particles. APOA2 concentration was positively correlated with preß-1 particle functionality (ABCA1-CEC/mg APOA1 in preß-1) (R2 = 0.42, p = 0.005), while APOE concentration was inversely correlated with large-HDL particle functionality (SRBI-CEC/mg APOA1 in α-1+α-2) (R2 = 0.18, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The protein composition of the different HDL subpopulations was altered differentially in CHD patients. The functionality of the small and large HDL particles correlated with the protein content of APOA2 and APOE, respectively. Our data indicate that distinct particle subspecies and specific particle associated proteins provide new information about the role of HDL in CHD.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I , Doença das Coronárias , Lipoproteínas HDL , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Proteoma , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/complicações , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Idoso , Sobrepeso/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Proteômica/métodos , Apolipoproteína A-II/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida , Adulto , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
Myostatin inhibition improves insulin sensitivity in preclinical and clinical models; however, studies investigating the relationship between serum myostatin levels and insulin sensitivity are discrepant. Sensitive and specific myostatin LC-MS/MS assays are now available to accurately assess serum myostatin level in vivo. We sought to determine whether higher serum myostatin levels are independently associated with lower insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight/obesity. Participants included 74 adults, 20-65 years old, BMI ≥25 kg/m2 without type 2 diabetes. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured by computed tomography. Main outcome measures were serum myostatin levels (LC-MS/MS) and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index). Mean age was 48 ± 12 years, and BMI was 33.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2 (mean ± SD). Men had higher mean serum myostatin levels versus women (8.3 ± 1.9 vs. 7.2 ± 1.9 ng/mL, p = 0.01) and higher serum myostatin levels were associated with higher ALM (R = 0.34, p = 0.003). Higher serum myostatin levels were associated with lower Matsuda index (R = -0.44, p = 0.0004), which remained significant after controlling for BMI, VAT, ALM, and sex. In conclusion, higher serum myostatin levels are independently associated with lower insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight/obesity and may be a marker of or play a mechanistic role in the development of insulin resistance.
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Resistência à Insulina , Miostatina , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Miostatina/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , IdosoRESUMO
Background: Concurrent training (CT) is emerging as a practical and effective approach to enhance body composition, cardiovascular function, and muscle mass, thereby elevating overall individual health. This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of short- and long-term concurrent aerobic and resistance training on circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals. Methodology: The electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, Wan Fang Database, and Web of Science, were systematically searched for articles on "concurrent training" and "irisin" published from their inception to 30 November 2023. The pooled effect size was determined using standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study protocol received registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023494163). Results: All nine studies, encompassing a total of 264 participants, were randomized controlled trials and met the eligibility criteria. Results indicate that short- and long-term concurrent training moderately increased circulating irisin levels compared to the control group (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.33-0.80], p = 0.00; I 2 = 36.6%, heterogeneity p = 0.106). Subgroup analyses revealed that both equal to or less than 10 weeks (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI [0.18-1.37], p = 0.01; I 2 = 62.3%, heterogeneity p = 0.03) and more than 10 weeks (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI [0.14-0.76], p = 0.00; I 2 = 0%, heterogeneity p = 0.54) of concurrent training significantly increased circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals. There were no significant between-group differences (I 2 = 0%, p = 0.34). Additionally, concurrent training significantly increased irisin levels in overweight or obese participants (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI [0.34-1.78], p = 0.00; I 2 = 50.6%, heterogeneity p = 0.13) and in type 2 diabetes patients (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI [0.30-1.10], p = 0.00; I 2 = 0%, heterogeneity p = 0.99). However, no significant effect was observed in patients with metabolic syndrome (SMD = 0.21, 95% CI [-0.25-0.68], p = 0.37; I 2 = 38.7%, heterogeneity p = 0.18). There were significant between-group differences (I 2 = 53.9%, p = 0.11). Lastly, concurrent training significantly increased circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals aged 45-60 years (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI [0.25-0.86], p = 0.00; I 2 = 6.5%, heterogeneity p = 0.38), and a significant increase in irisin levels was observed 12 h post-intervention (SMD = 0.70, 95% CI [0.35-1.05], p = 0.00; I 2 = 0%, heterogeneity p = 0.74). However, none of the above categorical variables showed significant between-group differences. Conclusions: Short- and long-term concurrent training can effectively improve circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals. However, the effects of short- and long-term concurrent training should consider the participants' health status, age, and the timing of post-exercise measurements to maximize health benefits.
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Fibronectinas , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Treinamento Resistido , Humanos , Fibronectinas/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/terapia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/terapia , Exercício Físico/fisiologiaRESUMO
Postmenopausal women often experience hormonal changes and shifts in fat composition, affecting weight gain and obesity. Understanding the link between hormones, especially estrogen and leptin, is key to managing weight and lowering disease risk in menopausal women. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of leptin and estrone in menopausal women with normal weight and obesity. A cross-sectional study was conducted on menopausal women, either normal body mass index (BMI) or obese, at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Blood samples were collected to measure leptin and estrone levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The differences in leptin levels between groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, while the correlation between BMI and leptin was examined using the Pearson correlation test. The disparity in estrone levels in both groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the correlations between variables were assessed using the Spearman or Pearson correlation tests as appropriate. The mean leptin levels in normal BMI and obesity groups were 17.73±4.96 and 25.46±12.95 ng/mL, respectively, and were statistically different (p=0.006). The mean estrone levels in menopausal women with normal BMI and obesity were 943.23±391.79 and 851.38±282.23 ng/mol, respectively and were not statistically different (p=0.564). A significant positive correlation was found between BMI and leptin level (r=0.59; p<0.001), while BMI and estrone were not significantly correlated (r=0.083; p=0.559). In conclusion, leptin level was significantly different between BMI groups and had a strong positive correlation with BMI. This finding could be an important insight in body weight management and disease risk prevention in menopausal women.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Estrona , Leptina , Menopausa , Obesidade , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estrona/sangue , Indonésia/epidemiologia , Leptina/sangue , Menopausa/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is associated with an exacerbated metabolic condition that is mediated through impairing balance in the secretion of some adipo-myokines. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the impact of astaxanthin supplementation in conjunction with a 12-week CrossFit training regimen on some selected adipo-myokines, insulin insensitivity, and serum lipid levels in obese males. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a randomized control trial design; 60 obese males were randomly divided into four groups of 15, including the control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and combined training and supplement group (TSG). The participants were subjected to 12 weeks of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation [20 mg/d capsule, once/d] or CrossFit training or a combination of both interventions. The training regimen comprised 36 sessions of CrossFit, each lasting 60 min, conducted three times per week. The metabolic indices, body composition, anthropometrical, cardio-respiratory, and also some plasma adipo-myokine factors, including decorin (DCN), activin A, myostatin (MST), transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, and follistatin (FST), were examined 12 and 72 h before the initiation of the main interventional protocols, and then 72 h after the final session of the training protocol. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the groups (p > 0.05). There were significant interactions between group x time for DCN (η2 = 0.82), activin A (η2 = 0.50), FST (η2 = 0.92), MST (η2 = 0.75), and TGFB-1 (η2 = 0.67) (p < 0.001 for all the variables). Significantly changes showed for DCN in TSG compared to TG and SG and also TG compared to SG (p = 0.0001); for activin A in SG compared to TG (p = 0.01) and TSG (p = 0.002); for FST in SG compared to TG and TSG (p = 0.0001), also in TSG compared to TG (p = 0.0001); for MST in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also in TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001); for TGFB-1 in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 12-week CrossFit training concurrent with AST supplementation reduced anthropometric and metabolic factors and also serum lipid levels while producing positive changes in body composition and cardiovascular factors. Increased FST and DCN and reduced activin A, MST, and TGF-ß1 were other affirmative responses to both interventions.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Miostatina , Obesidade , Xantofilas , Humanos , Masculino , Xantofilas/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/terapia , Obesidade/sangue , Adulto , Miostatina/sangue , Folistatina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/sangue , Adipocinas/sangue , Decorina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Adulto Jovem , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Composição Corporal , Lipídeos/sangue , MiocinasRESUMO
Observational studies have established that obesity is associated with nutritional deficiencies, but the exact causality remains uncertain. Thus, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to identify the causal associations between obesity and circulating levels of nutrients. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with obesity (body mass index and waist-hip ratio), were extracted from a genome-wide association study of 694,649 European ancestry. Summary-level data for minerals (copper, selenium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and potassium), and vitamins (folate, vitamins A, C, E, B6, and B12), albumin were obtained from the publicly available integrative epidemiology unit OpenGWAS database psychiatric genomics consortium. Inverse-variance weighted method several sensitivity analyses were conducted. Genetically predicted higher body mass index significantly decreased circulating levels of magnesium (ßâ =â -0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.10 to -0.03, Pâ =â 1.47â ×â 10-4), folate (ßâ =â -0.07, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.04, Pâ =â 5.61â ×â 10-5), vitamin A (ßâ =â -0.11, 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.07, Pâ =â 3.10â ×â 10-9), vitamin E (ßâ =â -0.10, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.06, Pâ =â 1.84â ×â 10-8), albumin (ßâ =â -0.15, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.12, Pâ =â 9.89â ×â 10-28); whereas genetically predicted higher waist-hip ratio decreased circulating levels of magnesium (ßâ =â -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.02, Pâ =â 1.87â ×â 10-3), folate (ßâ =â -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.03, Pâ =â 9.87â ×â 10-4), vitamin C (ßâ =â -0.08, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.04, Pâ =â 2.40â ×â 10-4), albumin (ßâ =â -0.08, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.04, Pâ =â 3.72â ×â 10-5). The study supports a causal effect of obesity on lower circulating levels of nutrients. Our findings highlight the necessity of adjuvant nutrients in obesity management.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Nutrientes , Obesidade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Relação Cintura-Quadril , Vitaminas/sangue , Minerais/sangueRESUMO
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely affects offspring glucose homeostasis and risk of developing obesity. Here, we examined the association between glycemia in pregnant women with overweight or obesity without GDM and offspring metabolic health. Maternal fasting glucose concentrations and glucose 2-h after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in 208 women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 28-45 kg/m2 without GDM. Offspring outcomes were collected at birth, 3, and 5 years of age. Linear mixed models with time as fixed factor and subject ID as random effects were used for analysis. No associations were found between maternal fasting or 2-h glucose concentrations with offspring glucose and insulin concentrations from birth to 5 years of age. However, maternal fasting glucose in GW 28 and 36, and 2-h OGTT glucose in GW 28 were positively associated with C-peptide concentration at birth. Maternal fasting glucose concentrations in GW 28 and 36 were positively associated with weight-for-length, and maternal fasting glucose in GW 36 was associated with BMI z-score at birth. In summary, blood glucose in pregnant women with overweight or obesity is positively associated with offspring C-peptide concentration, weight-for-length, and BMI z-score at birth, even in the absence of GDM.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Homeostase , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/metabolismo , Peptídeo C/sangue , Jejum/sangue , Complicações na Gravidez/metabolismo , Complicações na Gravidez/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome phenotype of individuals with obesity is characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnant particles, which have been shown to be significantly atherogenic. Understanding the association between adipokines, endogenous hormones produced by adipose tissue, and remnant cholesterol (RC) would give insight into the link between obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 1791 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants who took part in an ancillary study on body composition with adipokine levels measured (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) at either visit 2 or visit 3. RC was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, measured at the same visit as the adipokines, as well as subsequent visits 4 through 6. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adipokines and log-transformed levels of RC. Mean±SD age was 64.5±9.6 years; mean±SD body mass index was 29.9±5.0 kg/m2; and 52.0% were women. In fully adjusted cross-sectional models that included body mass index, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid-lowering therapy, for each 1-unit increment in adiponectin, there was 14.6% (95% CI, 12.2-16.9) lower RC. With each 1-unit increment in leptin and resistin, there was 4.8% (95% CI, 2.7-7.0) and 4.0% (95% CI, 0.2-8.1) higher RC, respectively. Lower adiponectin and higher leptin were also associated with longitudinal increases in RC levels over median follow-up of 5 (interquartile range, 4-8) years. CONCLUSIONS: Lower adiponectin and higher leptin levels were independently associated with higher levels of RC at baseline and longitudinal RC increase, even after accounting for body mass index and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Assuntos
Adipocinas , Adiponectina , Aterosclerose , Colesterol , Leptina , Resistina , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/etnologia , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Leptina/sangue , Adipocinas/sangue , Adiponectina/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , Resistina/sangue , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/etnologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Fatores de Risco , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Objective: Conflicting associations have been noted between thyroid function and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with indications that pre-pregnancy BMI might influence these relationships. This study aims to examine the effect of thyroid hormone indices and their mediation role on the risk of GDM. Methods: Pregnant women in our study were recruited from the Zhoushan Pregnant Women Cohort, Zhejiang Province, China. Participants who had their first prenatal follow-up and measured thyroid biomarkers in the first trimester, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) records in the second trimester were eligible for inclusion in this study. The data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record System database, at Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital. Maternal information about sociodemographic and health-related characteristics was extracted from the dataset. A unique personal identification number was provided to link both datasets. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate the correlations between thyroid hormone indices with GDM. The interaction effects of first-trimester thyroid hormone indices with pre-pregnancy BMI on GDM risk using a generalized linear regression model. Furthermore, the mediation analysis was used to explore the potential mediating effects of thyroid hormone indices on the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM. Results: Overall, 5895 pregnant women were included in this study. The first-trimester FT4, thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyrotropin index (TSHI) and thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) levels were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG2H) in the second trimester (all P<0.05); FT3 and the FT3-to-FT4 ratio levels were positively associated with PBG1H and PBG2H in the second trimester (all P<0.05). Moreover, there were significant correlations between the highest quartile FT4, FT3, FT3-to-FT4 ratio, TSHI, and TFQI with GDM (all P < 0.05). The mediating effect of thyroid hormone parameters was 24.9% on the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM. Conclusions: In conclusion, the low FT4, high FT3-to-FT4 ratio, and low TFQI in the first trimester significantly increase the risk of GDM and should be given more attention. Furthermore, increased pre-pregnancy BMI might partially increase the risk of GDM by influencing the body's thyroid function.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional , Hormônios Tireóideos , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Adulto , Hormônios Tireóideos/sangue , China/epidemiologia , Análise de Mediação , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Tiroxina/sangue , Tireotropina/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intermittent fasting is a nutritional strategy that focuses on when to eat, rather than what to eat. Although the effectiveness of intermittent fasting practices in many metabolic diseases is known, its effect on microbiota and its underlying mechanism has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting, one of the intermittent fasting practices, on gut microbiota and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). METHODS: The study involved 10 male volunteers, 6 of whom were overweight and 4 were obese. They fasted for an average of 14-15 hours daily from dawn to sunset during the 29-day Ramadan month between 23 March - 20 April 2023 and met the inclusion criteria. The participants' nutritional and physical activity status before and during Ramadan, as well as their anthropometric measurements before and after Ramadan, intestinal microbiota, transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, C reactive protein, total cholesterol (C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) C, low-density lipoprotein C, triglycerides (TG), and FABP4 levels, were evaluated within the scope of the study. RESULTS: The study found a statistically significant increase in both alpha and beta diversity in the intestinal microbiota following Ramadan fasting (p<0.05). The F/B ratio, Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, and Ruminococcaceae family exhibited statistically significant decreases, while the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla, Bacteroidia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Erysipelotrichi classes, Bacteroidales, Erysipelotrichales, and Actinomycetales orders, Erysipelotrichaceae family and Prevotella genus, demonstrated statistically significant increases (p<0.05). Participants who achieved an average weight loss of 2.3±0.99 kg at the end of Ramadan showed a significant increase in HDL-C and a significant decrease in TG levels (p<0.05). Although FABP4 levels decreased after fasting, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Ramadan fasting induces weight loss, modifies gut microbiota, and improves blood lipid profile and FABP4 levels, suggesting the need for more extensive studies.
Assuntos
Jejum , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Islamismo , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Masculino , Jejum/sangue , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/sangue , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Adulto , Obesidade/microbiologia , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/microbiologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation supports various systemic alterations. In this descriptive study, 122 apparently healthy adults aged 20 to 35 years were voluntarily included and classified based on body mass index (BMI) as normal-weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB). This study aims to characterize peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte (Ly) phenotypes and investigate their correlations with body composition indices (BCIs) in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: The following BCIs were measured: waist circumference, hip circumference, height, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, total body fat mass, visceral fat level, weight, and BMI. White blood cell count (WBC), Ly absolute count, serum TNF-α, and IFN-γ were quantified. Ly subpopulations were analyzed as follows: total TLy (TTLy-CD45+CD3+), early activated TLy (EATLy-CD45+3+69+), total NKLy (TNKLy-CD45+CD3-CD56+CD16+), NKdim (low expression of CD56+), NKbright (high expression of CD56+), BLy (CD45+CD3-CD19+), T helper Ly (ThLy-CD45+CD3+CD4+), and T cytotoxic Ly (TcLy-CD45+CD3+CD8+). Results: Higher BMI has significantly higher WBC and BLy (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0085). EATLy significantly decreased from NW to OB (3.10-NW, 1.10-OW, 0.85-OB, p < 0.0001). Only EATLy exhibited significant negative correlations with all the BCIs. A significantly higher TNF-α was observed in the OW and OB groups compared to the NW group. IFN-γ increased linearly but nonsignificantly with BMI. TTLy showed a nonsignificant positive correlation with both IFN-γ and TNF-α, while EATLy showed a negative correlation, significant only for IFN-γ. NKLy subpopulations exhibited a consistent negative correlation with TNF-α, significant only for NKdim (p = 0.0423), and a nonsignificant consistent positive correlation with IFN-γ. A nonsignificant negative correlation between age and both TNKLy (r = -0.0927) and NKdim (r = -0.0893) cells was found, while a positive correlation was found with NKbright (r = 0.0583). Conclusions: In conclusion, the baseline immunological profile of PB is influenced by excessive adipose tissue in healthy young adults.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Fenótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/imunologia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: The prevalence of overweight (OW), obesity (OB), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Adipolin is a new adipokine with reduced circulating levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: Our prospective case-control study aimed to evaluate the maternal serum levels of adipolin and adiponectin, metabolic parameters, and anthropometric characteristics at the time of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 and correlate them with newborn adipolin, adiponectin levels, and anthropometric characteristics of the newborns, and secondly to evaluate pregnancy outcomes. Material and Methods: After the OGTT results, we had 44 OW/OB pregnant women with GDM, 30 OW/OB pregnant women without GDM, and 92 lean healthy (LH) pregnant women. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and correlation tests, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: We found no differences between adipolin values of the OW/OB pregnant women with GDM and the LH group (p > 0.99), OW/OB without GDM and the LH group (p = 0.56), and between OW/OB groups (p = 0.57). OW/OB pregnant women with GDM had a higher rate of gestational hypertension compared with the LH group (p < 0.0001). Newborns from OW/OB pregnant women with GDM were more frequently diagnosed with jaundice (p = 0.02), and they required more frequent admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for treatment of respiratory distress (p = 0.01) compared with newborns from LH mothers. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the serum levels of adipolin in the second trimester among the group of OW/OB pregnant women with GDM, matched for age and BMI with OW/OB pregnant women without GDM, were not significantly different. This suggests that adipolin may not play an essential role in the occurrence of GDM in these patients. Despite good glycemic control during pregnancy, OW/OB pregnant women with GDM and their newborns tend to have more complications (gestational hypertension, jaundice, NICU admission) than LH pregnant women and their newborns, highlighting the importance of weight control before pregnancy.
Assuntos
Adipocinas , Adiponectina , Diabetes Gestacional , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Resultado da Gravidez , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Prospectivos , Projetos Piloto , Adiponectina/sangue , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adipocinas/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/complicações , Recém-Nascido , Índice de Massa Corporal , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Given the established link between obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA), the research want to investigate the relationship between different obesity indices and HUA, and further analyze which obesity index can better predict HUA. METHODS: The data were obtained from a longitudinal study involving middle-aged and elderly populations in Dalian, China. The research encompassed individuals who exhibited typical uric acid levels initially and tracked their progress over a three-year period. 8 obesity indices were evaluated retrospectively. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify susceptible populations. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to model the dose-response relationships between obesity indices and HUA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to visualize and compare the predictive value of both traditional and new obesity indices for HUA. RESULTS: Among 4,112 individuals with normal baseline uric acid levels, 950 developed HUA. Significant associations with HUA were observed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body roundness index (BRI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and abdominal volume index (AVI). Subgroup analysis indicated that all obesity indices proved more effective in assessing the onset of HUA in women without Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Further analysis using RCS revealed non-linear dose-response relationships between LAP, CMI, VAI, and HUA in males, with similar non-linear relationships observed for all indices in females. The results from the ROC curves indicate that LAP may serve as a better predictor of HUA in males, and CVAI may serve as a better predictor in females. CONCLUSION: HUA is closely associated with obesity indices. Among females, CVAI emerges as the preferred predictive index for HUA. In males, LAP emerges as the preferred predictive index for HUA.