RESUMO
The authors describe the extraordinary contribution to science made by José Dantas de Souza Leite, who graduated from the Bahia School of Medicine and trained in Prof. Charcot's Neurology Service under the supervision of Charcot's most able pupil, Dr. Pierre Marie. Souza Leite presented his doctoral thesis on acromegaly, in Paris in 1890, and in the following year both him and Pierre Marie published a book on the subject, "Essays on Acromegaly". This exceptional work established Souza Leite internationally as an important researcher, and the first Brazilian physician to contribute to the development of neuroendocrinology in an innovative way.
Assuntos
Acromegalia/história , Neurologia/história , Brasil , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Ilustração Médica , Neuroendocrinologia/história , ParisRESUMO
The authors describe the extraordinary contribution to science made by José Dantas de Souza Leite, who graduated from the Bahia School of Medicine and trained in Prof. Charcot’s Neurology Service under the supervision of Charcot’s most able pupil, Dr. Pierre Marie. Souza Leite presented his doctoral thesis on acromegaly, in Paris in 1890, and in the following year both him and Pierre Marie published a book on the subject, “Essays on Acromegaly”. This exceptional work established Souza Leite internationally as an important researcher, and the first Brazilian physician to contribute to the development of neuroendocrinology in an innovative way.
Os autores apresentam a extraordinária contribuição científica do Dr. José Dantas de Souza Leite, médico formado pela Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, e interno do Serviço de Neurologia do Professor Charcot, onde estagiou sob supervisão do seu melhor discípulo, Pierre Marie. Souza Leite apresentou a sua tese de doutoramento em Paris sobre acromegalia, no ano de 1890. Um ano mais depois, publicou o livro “Essays on Acromegaly” em coautoria com Pierre Marie. Este trabalho excepcional consagrou Souza Leite como grande pesquisador no cenário internacional e o primeiro médico brasileiro a contribuir de maneira inovadora para o desenvolvimento da neuroendocrinologia mundial.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Acromegalia/história , Neurologia/história , Brasil , Ilustração Médica , Neuroendocrinologia/história , ParisRESUMO
Significance has been attached to the pineal gland in numerous different cultures and beliefs. One religion that has advanced the role of the pineal gland is Spiritism. The objective of the present study was to compile information on the pineal gland drawing on the books of Francisco Cândido Xavier written through psychography and to carry out a critical analysis of their scientific bases by comparing against evidence in the current scientific literature. A systematic search using the terms "pineal gland" and "epiphysis" was conducted of 12 works allegedly dictated by the spirit "André Luiz". All information on the pineal having potential correlation with the field of medicine and current studies was included. Specialists in the area were recruited to compile the information and draw parallels with the scientific literature. The themes related to the pineal gland were: mental health, reproductive function, endocrinology, relationship with physical activity, spiritual connection, criticism of the theory that the organ exerts no function, and description of a hormone secreted by the gland (reference alluding to melatonin, isolated 13 years later). The historical background for each theme was outlined, together with the theories present in the Spiritist books and in the relevant scientific literature. The present article provides an analysis of the knowledge the scientific community can acquire from the history of humanity and from science itself. The process of formulating hypotheses and scientific theories can benefit by drawing on the cultural aspects of civilization, taking into account so-called non-traditional reports and theories.
Assuntos
Características Culturais/história , Ciências Humanas/história , Neuroendocrinologia/história , Glândula Pineal , Ciência/história , Espiritualismo/história , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , HumanosRESUMO
A century has passed since Harvey Cushing presented a syndrome characterized by obesity and sexual infantilism, caused by a tumour located in the base of the brain, and named it as Adiposogenital dystrophy or Frohlich's syndrome, on the name of its discoverer. Further study of this syndrome contributed to establish the hormonal connection between the brain and the anterior pituitary, and then the concept of neuroendocrinology.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Cushing , Cirurgia Geral/história , Doenças Hipotalâmicas , Neuroendocrinologia/história , Farmacologia/história , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Áustria , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Hace casi un siglo Harvey Cushing llamó la atención médica mundial con motivo de un informe clínico consistente en el caso de obesidad e infantilismo sexual ocasionado por un tumor en la base del cráneo al cual se le dio el nombre de distrofia adiposo-genital o síndrome de Frohlich por haber sido quien lo describió por primera vez. El estudio de este síndrome permitió establecer la conexión entre la hipófisis y el hipotálamo que eran estructuras con funciones poco conocidas hasta ese momento. Así se fue gestando la neuroendocrinología clínica.
A century has passed since Harvey Cushing presented a syndrome characterized by obesity and sexual infantilism, caused by a tumour located in the base of the brain, and named it as Adiposogenital dystrophy or Frohlich's syndrome, on the name of its discoverer. Further study of this syndrome contributed to establish the hormonal connection between the brain and the anterior pituitary, and then the concept of neuroendocrinology.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Síndrome de Cushing , Cirurgia Geral/história , Farmacologia/história , Doenças Hipotalâmicas , Neuroendocrinologia/história , Hipersecreção Hipofisária de ACTH , Áustria , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Geoffrey W. Harris, inspired by Francis H. Marshall, began the experimental studies in order to demonstrate a vascular connection between the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis, with neuropeptides as messengers. This confirmed his theory that the mechanism consists in that the nerve fibers in the hypothalamus release hormonal substances in the capillaries of the primary plex in the medium eminence, and that these substances are carried by the vessels of the portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit the pars distalis cells of the hypophysis. This theory placed the hypothalamus as the fundamental structure to understand the link between the brain and the hypophysis. Later, it was known the structure of neurohormones, particularly the responsible for producing gonadotrophins. By this way, it was possible to go into the processes involved in reproduction. This was the origin of neuroendocrinology, gestated by investigations made in the reproduction of animals, including man. The purification, sequentiation and synthesis of the hormone that controls the FSH and LH production have allowed to study the physiology and disorders of the neuroendocrine circuit.
Assuntos
Neuroendocrinologia/história , Animais , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , PesquisaRESUMO
Como un homenaje a la memoria del Dr. Edmundo Vallecalle Suégart, el autor resume la experiencia de casi 20 años de trabajo científico y docente a su lado. Se comentan diferentes trabajos experimentales en ratas, donde se trata de demostrar la estrecha relación existente entre los sistemas nervioso y endocrino y diferentes mediadores. Igualmente se mencionan las dificultades que en esta época había para la realización de esta clase de trabajos y la creatividad y perseverancia del Dr. Vallecalle para solucionarlas