RESUMO
Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm, and surgery remains the treatment of choice, although it is controversial in advanced cases. The prognostic factors are not well established. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is a membrane protein related to tumorigenesis, whereas Ki67 is a nuclear protein related to cell proliferation. Both are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of HER2 and Ki67 markers in canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. The tumor samples were divided into four groups: largest tumor diameter less than 2.5 cm, largest tumor diameter greater than 2.5 cm, metastatic lymph nodes, and control group of non-neoplastic anal sacs. Each contained 10 samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of HER2 and Ki67 markers. Positive HER2 staining was observed in 45% of the neoplastic cases and negative HER2 staining in 100% of the control group. The Ki67 expression had a median of 25% in all groups, except for the control group, which had a median of 8%. The HER2 and Ki67 expression was present in apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, making them potential therapeutic targets. However, it was not possible to determine the clinical value of either marker.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Sacos Anais , Glândulas Apócrinas , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67 , Receptor ErbB-2 , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Glândulas Apócrinas/metabolismo , Glândulas Apócrinas/patologia , Humanos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Animais , Sacos Anais/metabolismo , Sacos Anais/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/patologiaRESUMO
O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães. A caracterização morfológica seguiu a classificação atualizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para a caracterização imuno-histoquímica, utilizaram-se anticorpos monoclonais primários anti-citoqueratina 14 (CK14), vimentina, p63, calponina, EGFR e Ki-67. Dos animais examinados, 66,67% (18/27) eram machos e 33,33% (9/27) fêmeas, 21 tinham raça definida e seis eram sem raça definida (SRD), com idade variando entre sete e 15 anos. Dos tumores caracterizados, 40,74% eram hepatoides (11/27), 29,63% sebáceos (8/27), 25,92% apócrinos (7/27) e 3,70% meibômio (1/27). Os tumores malignos representaram 55,56%, e os benignos 44,44%. Com esses resultados, foi possível demonstrar que os tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães são frequentes, sem predileção por raça, sexo e com idade superior ou igual a sete anos. Os anticorpos CK 14, p63, vimentina e EGFR foram imunoexpressos nas células basais, células de diferenciação sebácea dos tumores hepatoides e de meibômio e células mioepiteliais. Entretanto, a vimentina e o EGFR não demonstraram imunomarcação para os tumores sebáceos. A calponina foi um bom marcador para as células mioepiteliais. O índice de Ki-67 foi mais acentuado nos tumores malignos em relação aos benignos. No entanto, estudos futuros utilizando maior número de casos se fazem necessários.(AU)
The present study aimed to characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of cutaneous glandular tumors in dogs. Tumours were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria for canine skin neoplasms. For the immunohistochemical characterization, the primary monoclonal antibodies anti-cytokeratin 14 (CK14), vimentin, p63, calponin, EGFR and Ki-67 were used. Males were 66.67% (18/27) and females 33.33% (9/27), 21 had a defined race and 6 were mixed breed, with ages varying from 7 to 15 years. The tumors characterized were 40.74% hepatoid (11/27), 29.63% sebaceous (8/27), 25.92% apocrine (7/27) and 3.70% Meibômio (1/27). Malignant tumors accounted for 55.56% and benign tumors 44.44%. With these results it was possible to demonstrate that tumors of cutaneous glands in dogs are frequent, with no predilection for race, sex and with an age ≥ seven years. The CK 14 antibodies, p63, vimentin, and EGFR were imunoexpressed in the basal cells of the sebaceous cell differentiation and Meibomian hepatoides tumors and myoepithelial to cells. However, vimentin and EGFR did not demonstrate immunostaining for sebaceous tumors. Calponin was a good marker for myoepithelial cells. The Ki-67 index was more pronounced in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. However, more studies are needed mainly using a higher number of tumors.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/patologia , Glândulas ApócrinasRESUMO
O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos dos tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães. A caracterização morfológica seguiu a classificação atualizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Para a caracterização imuno-histoquímica, utilizaram-se anticorpos monoclonais primários anti-citoqueratina 14 (CK14), vimentina, p63, calponina, EGFR e Ki-67. Dos animais examinados, 66,67% (18/27) eram machos e 33,33% (9/27) fêmeas, 21 tinham raça definida e seis eram sem raça definida (SRD), com idade variando entre sete e 15 anos. Dos tumores caracterizados, 40,74% eram hepatoides (11/27), 29,63% sebáceos (8/27), 25,92% apócrinos (7/27) e 3,70% meibômio (1/27). Os tumores malignos representaram 55,56%, e os benignos 44,44%. Com esses resultados, foi possível demonstrar que os tumores das glândulas cutâneas em cães são frequentes, sem predileção por raça, sexo e com idade superior ou igual a sete anos. Os anticorpos CK 14, p63, vimentina e EGFR foram imunoexpressos nas células basais, células de diferenciação sebácea dos tumores hepatoides e de meibômio e células mioepiteliais. Entretanto, a vimentina e o EGFR não demonstraram imunomarcação para os tumores sebáceos. A calponina foi um bom marcador para as células mioepiteliais. O índice de Ki-67 foi mais acentuado nos tumores malignos em relação aos benignos. No entanto, estudos futuros utilizando maior número de casos se fazem necessários.(AU)
The present study aimed to characterize the anatomopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of cutaneous glandular tumors in dogs. Tumours were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria for canine skin neoplasms. For the immunohistochemical characterization, the primary monoclonal antibodies anti-cytokeratin 14 (CK14), vimentin, p63, calponin, EGFR and Ki-67 were used. Males were 66.67% (18/27) and females 33.33% (9/27), 21 had a defined race and 6 were mixed breed, with ages varying from 7 to 15 years. The tumors characterized were 40.74% hepatoid (11/27), 29.63% sebaceous (8/27), 25.92% apocrine (7/27) and 3.70% Meibômio (1/27). Malignant tumors accounted for 55.56% and benign tumors 44.44%. With these results it was possible to demonstrate that tumors of cutaneous glands in dogs are frequent, with no predilection for race, sex and with an age ≥ seven years. The CK 14 antibodies, p63, vimentin, and EGFR were imunoexpressed in the basal cells of the sebaceous cell differentiation and Meibomian hepatoides tumors and myoepithelial to cells. However, vimentin and EGFR did not demonstrate immunostaining for sebaceous tumors. Calponin was a good marker for myoepithelial cells. The Ki-67 index was more pronounced in malignant tumors compared to benign tumors. However, more studies are needed mainly using a higher number of tumors.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sebáceas/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/patologia , Glândulas ApócrinasAssuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/patologia , Carcinoma/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Neoplasias Pélvicas/veterinária , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/tratamento farmacológico , Sacos Anais , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Cães , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Neoplasias Pélvicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pélvicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pélvicas/secundário , Pelve/diagnóstico por imagem , Pelve/patologiaRESUMO
Neoplasms in the perianal region are frequently diagnosed in dogs. The aetiology is unknown, and most of them are benign. In this study, 240 neoplasms of the perianal glands of dogs were retrieved from the Department of Pathology archives of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), from 1984 to 2004. All 240 cases were re-examined by two pathologists. Nine cases (4%) were diagnosed as hyperplasia, 49 (20%) as group I adenoma, 81 (34%) were classified as moderately differentiated adenomas of the group II, 46 (19%) were poorly differentiated adenomas of group II, 48 (20%) were carcinoma of the group III according to the classification proposed by Berrocal, and 7 (13%) were other kind of tumours. Males over 8 years of age were predominantly affected. Cell proliferation was quantified by counting proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive nuclei, and apoptosis was quantified by counting fluorescent eosin-stained apoptotic corpuscles (AC) in normal tissue, hyperplasia and in different histologic types of neoplasia of these glands. A parallel pattern of increase in both parameters (cell proliferation and apoptosis) was obtained. The net growth index (NGI), represents how much a cell population is proliferating or dying and was achieved by dividing the mean PCNA count in 1000 cells by the mean AC stain count in 1000 cells. NGI was different between hyperplasia and neoplasia; group I adenomas have a much higher potential of growth, and NGI decreases from benign towards malignant lesions. These results show up the importance of studying cell proliferation and apoptosis to understand the carcinogenesis of dog perianal gland.
Assuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/patologia , Apoptose , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Hiperplasia/veterinária , Glândulas Perianais/citologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Fatores Etários , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/diagnóstico , Animais , Divisão Celular , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Feminino , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/patologia , Masculino , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
An incidence of canine circumanal gland adenoma (CGA) is reported, apparently for the first time, in the island of Trinidad and Tobago. The case involved an 11-year-old Rottweiler dog which was presented in relatively good health except for noticeable masses around the perianal region. Apart from routine histopathological investigation which enabled a definitive diagnosis of CGA with secondary vascularization, analysis of the nuclear chromatin texture was performed on the digitalized images of both reserve and hepatoid cells of the neoplasm. The mean nuclear pixel intensity value of the images of processed CGA reserve cells was significantly lower than those of the processed CGA hepatoid cells (P<0.1). Our observation based on the texture analytical data suggests a high degree of rate of multiplication of the reserve cells at the expense of degenerating hepatoid cells. The relevance of this finding is discussed within the context of vascular supply to the neoplastic cells (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães/anormalidades , Trinidad e Tobago , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/história , Neoplasias das Glândulas Anais/patologia , Mitose , Neoplasias de Tecido VascularRESUMO
The detection of Bowen's disease, a very rare condition in an unusual extension--literally covering the anogenital area--and the successful more conservative way of handling the lesions, through surgical separate steps, prompted the authors to review the literature and to report the case.