RESUMO
Objectives The present study aims to categorize the prevalence of intracranial tumors surgically treated at the neurosurgery service of Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (HUEM) between 2016 and 2018. Material and Methods This survey included patients surgically treated due to primary or metastatic intracranial neoplasia between 2016 and 2018 at a referral center in the city of Curitiba. These patients were analyzed for epidemiological, histopathological, and topographic data, and they underwent an assessment of the outcome at the time of hospital discharge. Results Atotal of 96patientsmet the inclusion criteria. Themost prevalent tumorwas the glioma, with 39.6% of the sample, with glioblastoma being themost prevalent histological type. Brainmetastases andmeningiomas represented, respectively, 21.9%and 18.8%of the total. There was a predominance of supratentorial and intra-axial tumors in our sample. Conclusion Glioma was the most commonly found tumor, directly associated with high morbidity and mortality. The development of new and more effective drugs with action directed at themolecular level of intracranial tumorsmay be the path to a longer survival and improvement in the quality of life of these patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cranianas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Glioblastoma/epidemiologia , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cranianas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cranianas/fisiopatologia , Perfil de Saúde , Prontuários Médicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Glioblastoma/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ependymoma (EPN) is the third most common childhood cancer of the central nervous system. RELA fusion-positive EPN accounts for approximately 70% of all childhood supratentorial tumors and shows the worst prognosis among the supratentorial EPNs. TP53 mutation is infrequent in RELA fusions EPNs. In the population from the Southern region of Brazil, there is a high incidence of the germline TP53 p.R337H mutation that predisposes carriers to develop early-onset tumors. However, despite this high incidence, the frequency of this mutation among EPN patients remains to be determined. Here, we investigated the presence of the TP53 p.R337H mutation in a larger cohort of pediatric EPNs of three institutions located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The TP53 p.R337H mutation was screened by conventional RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing in 49 pediatric EPNs diagnosed during the period from 1995 to 2016. RESULTS: We described for the first time a case of a 5-year-old girl with RELA fusion EPN with a heterozygous TP53 p.R337H mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The present finding indicates that the TP53 p.R337H germline mutation is uncommon in patients with EPN in Brazil and screening of pediatric patients RELA fusion EPN may be informative to better understand the role of TP53 germline mutations in the development and prognosis of these tumors.
Assuntos
Ependimoma/genética , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Ependimoma/epidemiologia , Feminino , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Fator de Transcrição RelARESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Primary lymphoma is the most common neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS) in AIDS patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, diagnostic methods used, histological characteristics, detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain smears, and outcome of 18 HIV/AIDS patients with primary CNS lymphoma. RESULTS: The overall incidence of primary CNS lymphoma was 2.6%. Fifteen were men and mean age was 33.6 years. The most frequent clinical findings were focal neurological deficits and seizures. The mean CD4 T cell count at the time of diagnosis was 44 cells/microl. Primary CNS lymphoma presented as single, large (> 2.5 cm) lesions in 14 patients (77.8%). All the lesions were associated with a mass effect and surrounding edema. EBV DNA was detected in nine brain smears. In seven of these nine cases, EBV DNA was also found in CSF by PCR. Median survival after specific diagnosis was 75 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study upholds a link between EBV and these tumors. Primary CNS lymphoma was associated with a poor prognosis and short survival in this cohort of patients.
Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/virologia , Química Encefálica , Edema Encefálico/etiologia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/diagnóstico , Linfoma Relacionado a AIDS/virologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/virologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Convulsões/etiologia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/virologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Toxoplasmose Cerebral/diagnósticoRESUMO
Taken as proved that brain tumors are the second most frequent childhood neoplasm - only outnumbered by leukemias - we have undertaken a clinical perspective study with seventy brain tumor patients ranging from one to fifteen years of age, throughout a four-year period (1993-1997), based on ambulatory-oriented follow-up. Forty-one male and twenty-nine female patients were analyzed, in that a slightly higher number of infratentorial tumors was observed (thirty-eight cases), compared to those supratentorially located (thirty-two cases). The most repeatedly observed during the study was the medulloblastoma (twenty-one patients), followed by the astrocytoma (fifteen patients) and the germinoma (eleven patients). It should be pointed out that during the ambulatory follow-up 75,5% of patients developed neurological sequels. A tumor recurrence was noticed in 34,3% of them, while 21,4% eventually died.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Meduloblastoma/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Assistência Ambulatorial , Astrocitoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Germinoma/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/mortalidade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/mortalidadeRESUMO
From 1962 to 1989, 40 infants with brain tumors and less than 2 years old were treated at the Department of Neurology of the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School. The clinical and neuropathological findings were reviewed as to histological diagnosis, age, sex, signs and symptoms, therapy and outcome. Medulloblastoma was the most common histological type (n = 11), followed by ependymoma (n = 9), choroid plexus tumor (n = 6), astrocytoma (n = 3) and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 2). The tumor was infratentorial in 21 infants, supratentorial in 18 and disseminated in 1.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico , Meduloblastoma/epidemiologia , Meduloblastoma/cirurgia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Analisamos, retrospectivamente, 1.632 casos de neoplasias intracranianas, em um período de 50 anos (1931-1981), do Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, 592 casos (36,2%) eram de indivíduos de 0 a 20 anos, grupo escolhido para este estudo. O total de craniofaringeomas nessa faixa etária foi de 21 casos (3,5%); de neoplasias de hipófise, oito (1,35%); de neoplasias da pineal, quatro (0,6%). Infiltraçöes em hipófise e pineal corresponderam a 24 casos (4,0%); näo houve nenhum caso de metástases. Descriçäo e importância destes achados e comparaçäo com os de outros autores é relatada
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Glândula Pineal , Pinealoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Craniofaringioma/epidemiologia , Pinealoma/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Brasil , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Craniofaringioma/patologiaRESUMO
The authors analyzed, in a retrospective study made at the Pathology Department of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo, 1632 cases of intracranial neoplasms in a period of 50 years (1931-1981). The investigation concentrated on 592 cases (36.2%) of patients with age ranging from 0 to 20 years. The overall number of craniopharyngiomas in this group was 21 (3.5%); 8 cases (1.35%) of hypophyseal neoplasms, and 4 cases (6%) of pineal neoplasms. Neoplastic infiltration of the hypophysis and pineal was present in 24 cases (4.0%). No metastases were observed. The description and importance of these findings, and their correlation with data from other authors are presented.