RESUMO
Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. It has been proposed that specific trace and macro elements associated with antioxidant activities may also play a contributory role in aetiology of pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of thirteen different elements in hair and serum samples from women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and compare them with normotensive controls. Venous blood and pubic hair samples were collected from forty-three pre-eclamptic and twenty-three normotensive pregnant women. In each sample, the concentration of arsenic (As); calcium (Ca); cadmium (Cd); chromium (Cr); cobalt (Co); magnesium (Mg); manganese (Mn); iron (Fe); copper (Cu); lead (Pb); selenium (Se); nickel (Ni); zinc (Zn) were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Cobalt concentration in hair was significantly lower in the pre-eclampsia group (1.56±0.74µg/g) compared to the normotensive group (2.89±4.99µg/g) (p=0.02). The concentrations of Zn and Cr were significantly higher in hair samples from the pre-eclamptic group, compared to the normotensive control group (Zn, 395.99±48.60 vs 330.88±29.70µg/g; Cr, 13.31±2.67 vs 11.05±7.62µg/g: p≤0.05). There were no significant differences in the hair levels of other elements between groups. Serum Zn was significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic group (0.16-253.4mg/L) compared to the normotensive group (0.2-48.4mg/L) (p=0.01). Serum Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn and Se levels were found to be significantly lower in the pre-eclamptic group compared to the normotensive group (p<0.05). This study confirms the association between pre-eclampsia and maternal trace as well as macro element levels.
Assuntos
Cabelo/química , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Oligoelementos/sangue , Adulto , Cádmio/análise , Cádmio/sangue , Cromo/análise , Cromo/sangue , Cobre/análise , Cobre/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Magnésio/análise , Magnésio/sangue , Níquel/análise , Níquel/sangue , Gravidez , América do Sul , Oligoelementos/análise , Adulto Jovem , Zinco/análise , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To statistically analyze serum heavy metal levels in biological samples obtained from vineyard workers from southern Brazil and check for heavy metal exposure due to pesticide use. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 54 farmers and 108 healthy unexposed individuals. Samples from the same farmers were obtained at three different time points over a 1-year period. Levels of lead, arsenic, nickel, zinc, manganese and copper were determined for each sample using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). All results were statistically analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (followed by Dunn's post hoc test). RESULTS: Results showed that serum heavy metal levels in farmers were twofold to fourfold higher than in controls. This difference was found for all heavy metals tested and was significant (p < 0.05). Serum metal levels among the farmers also correlated with the frequency of use of pesticides at a specific time of year, which varied according to seasonal conditions influencing the need for pesticide application. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that in the vineyard region assessed, farmers were more susceptible to heavy metal exposure due to pesticide use.
Assuntos
Produção Agrícola , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Pesados/sangue , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Arsênio/sangue , Brasil , Cobre/sangue , Fazendeiros , Humanos , Chumbo/sangue , Manganês/sangue , Níquel/sangue , Estações do Ano , Vitis , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
Children's exposure to metals can result in adverse effects such as cognitive function impairments. This study aimed to evaluate some toxic metals and levels of essential trace elements in blood, hair, and drinking water in children from a rural area of Southern Brazil. Cognitive ability and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) activity were evaluated. Oxidative stress was evaluated as a main mechanism of metal toxicity, through the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. This study included 20 children from a rural area and 20 children from an urban area. Our findings demonstrated increase in blood lead (Pb) levels (BLLs). Also, increased levels of nickel (Ni) in blood and increase of aluminum (Al) levels in hair and drinking water in rural children were found. Deficiency in selenium (Se) levels was observed in rural children as well. Rural children with visual-motor immaturity presented Pb levels in hair significantly increased in relation to rural children without visual-motor immaturity (p < 0.05). Negative correlations between BLLs and ALA-D activity and positive correlations between BLLs and ALA-RE activity were observed. MDA was significantly higher in rural compared to urban children (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that rural children were co-exposed to toxic metals, especially Al, Pb and Ni. Moreover, a slight deficiency of Se was observed. Low performance on cognitive ability tests and ALA-D inhibition can be related to metal exposure in rural children. Oxidative stress was suggested as a main toxicological mechanism involved in metal exposure.
Assuntos
Alumínio/análise , Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Cabelo/química , Chumbo/sangue , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/epidemiologia , Níquel/sangue , Selênio/deficiência , Oligoelementos/sangue , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Água Potável/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/sangue , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/sangue , População RuralRESUMO
The micronucleus (MN) assay evaluates the effects of low doses of genotoxic carcinogens and can detect structural lesions that survive mitotic cycles. The objective of this study was to determine both the genotoxicity of nickel (Ni) in buccal epithelial cells and the urinary excretion of Ni in children with metal crowns. This was a prospective longitudinal study based on 37 patients selected at the Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila. MN assays were performed using buccal cells from the 37 patients, and Ni levels were determined from urine samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at 1 (basal value), 15, and 45 days following the placement of crowns in each patient. Ni urinary excretion levels increased from 2.12 ± 1.23 to 3.86 ± 2.96 mg Ni/g creatinine (P < 0.05) and the frequency of exposed micronuclei increased from 4.67 ± 0.15 to 6.78 ± 0.167/1000 cells (P < 0.05) between 1 and 45 days post-crown placement. These results suggest that odontological exposure to metal crowns results in genotoxic damage at the cellular level of the oral mucosa and an increase in the urinary excretion of Ni within 45 days of exposure.
Assuntos
Coroas/efeitos adversos , Boca/efeitos dos fármacos , Níquel/toxicidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Boca/citologia , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Níquel/sangue , Níquel/urinaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to compare blood parameters and periodontal characteristics of orthodontic patients allergic to nickel with those of nonallergic patients and to determine the correlation between blood components and periodontal abnormalities. METHODS: Ninety-six randomly selected patients participated in the study. After determining the prevalence of those allergic to nickel, 2 groups were formed: 16 allergic patients and 16 nonallergic patients. Allergies to nickel were diagnosed by using the patch test, periodontal conditions were determined by using the gingival index, and humoral characteristics were determined through a complete blood test, including the quantification of nickel in the blood and the immunoglobulin E level. Feces examinations were performed to control for parasitic infections. Periodontal evaluations were performed blindly. Statistical analysis included the unpaired t test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Pearson and Spearman correlations (P ≤0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between groups were found for bands (P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the concentration of nickel and immunoglobulin E level (P = 0.674, experimental group; P = 0.605, control group). However, there was a positive correlation between the gingival index and the number of bands (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nickel can have an influence over the periodontal status of allergic orthodontic patients, causing an increase in band quantification that was correlated to gingival index.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade/complicações , Níquel/efeitos adversos , Ortodontia Corretiva , Índice Periodontal , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Ligas de Cromo/efeitos adversos , Eosinófilos/patologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Gengiva/patologia , Hemorragia Gengival/etiologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/sangue , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Monócitos/patologia , Neutrófilos/patologia , Níquel/sangue , Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Braquetes Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Testes do Emplastro , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Myocardial ischemia may alter the metal binding capacity of circulating serum albumin. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe an automated method to measure ischemia-induced alterations in the binding capacity of serum albumin for exogenous nickel, and to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of this assay for the assessment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with acute chest pain. METHODS: We assessed the concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), serum albumin, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) measured by the cobalt-albumin binding assay (CABA), and by an automated nickel-albumin binding assay (NABA) in the following groups: ACS (n=63) and non-ischemic chest pain (NICP, n=26). Biochemical markers were determined in blood samples obtained from patients within 3 h of ER admission. RESULTS: cTnI, CABA and NABA concentrations were higher in ACS group in comparison to the NICP group. A significant correlation between NABA and CABA was observed (r=0.5387, p<0.001). Areas under the curve for CABA and NABA were 0.7289 and 0.7582, respectively. Both CABA and NABA have the ability to discriminate patients with ACS. However, NABA has a slightly higher ability to discriminate ACS compared with CABA. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ACS have reduced nickel binding to human serum albumin, and NABA may have an important role as an early marker of myocardial ischemia, particularly in patients presenting to the ER with acute chest pain.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Níquel/química , Albumina Sérica/química , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/sangue , Idoso , Sítios de Ligação , Cobalto/sangue , Cobalto/química , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Níquel/sangue , Curva ROC , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Albumina Sérica/análiseRESUMO
Ions released from metallic dental materials used in orthodontic appliances could induce undesirable effects on cells and tissues. This study evaluates the biocompatibility of two of the most labile components of metallic dental alloys on osteoblastlike cells. The influence of protein and ions on metal dissolution properties is also investigated using different electrolyte solutions. Morphological alterations, cell growth, and differentiation of osteoblasts were assessed after exposure to pure metals (Ag, Cu, Pd, Au) and Ni-Ti alloy and correlated with the kinetics of elements released into the culture media. Results showed that Cu and Ag were the most cytotoxic elements and the other metals were biocompatible with the osteoblasts. The parameters of biocompatibility were correlated with the levels of ions detected into the culture media. Metal ions induced cell death through early mitosis arrest, apoptotic phenomena, and necrotic processes. Voltammograms showed that anions and proteins interfered in the corrosion process. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) strongly affected the electrochemical process, decreasing the oxidation rate of the metals. In conclusion, copper and silver ions showed a time-dependent low biocompatibility, which correlated with the concentration of released ions. The dissolution of the metallic materials was dependent on the composition of the simulated biological media.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobre/química , Cobre/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura , Ligas Dentárias , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletroquímica , Eletrólitos , Ouro/metabolismo , Humanos , Íons , Cinética , Teste de Materiais , Metais , Níquel/sangue , Ortodontia , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteossarcoma/sangue , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Paládio/metabolismo , Ratos , Prata/metabolismo , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Fatores de Tempo , Titânio/sangueRESUMO
Aloxana é amplamente utilizada em estudos de diabetes experimental, porque destroi as células pancreáticas produtoras de insulina, com relativa seletividade. Evidências recentes indicam que superóxido-dismutase (E.C.1.15.1.1.) e inhibidores de radicais hidroxil, protegem as células pancreáticas aos efeitos tóxicos de aloxana. No presente trabalho, os autores estudaram os efeitos do cloreto de níquel e da aloxana sobre as concentraçöes de calcio, zinci, fósforo e ferro. Foi observado que cloreto de níquel induziu elevaçäo nos conteúdos de calcio e zinco no pancreas de ratos tratados com aloxana. O possível efeito dos cloreto de níquel sobre a açäo de aloxana, deve estar relacionado com o efeito do níquel sobre a actividade da superóxidodismutase, mediada pelo zinco e plo cobere