RESUMO
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes localized or disseminated disease, mainly in immunocompromised hosts. We report the case of a 35-year-old HIV-infected woman who presented with several enlarging cutaneous lesions over the arms and legs. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of a cutaneous mycobacterial disease. Mycobacterial analyses unveiled M. haemophilum infection. Six months after completion of a successful antimycobacterial treatment, she developed an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This paradoxical relapse presented as tenderness, redness and swelling at the precise sites of the healed lesions and took place in the setting of significant recovery of the CD4 cell count (from 05 to 318 cells/mm 3 ). Microbiological analyses of these worsening lesions were negative, and they spontaneously remitted without the initiation of a novel antimycobacterial treatment cycle. M. haemophilum infection should always be considered as a cause of skin lesions in immunocompromised subjects. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of IRIS as a complication of successful antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with M. haemophilum infection.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Antirretrovirais/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium haemophilum/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/imunologia , Adulto , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/imunologia , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/metabolismo , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Masculino , Infecções por Mycobacterium/imunologiaRESUMO
Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that can cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentations of infection are the appearance of suppurative and ulcerated skin nodules. For the diagnosis, samples collected from suspected cases must be processed under the appropriate conditions, because M. haemophilum requires lower incubation temperatures and iron supplementation in order to grow in culture. In this case report, we describe the occurrence of skin lesions in a kidney transplant recipient, caused by M. haemophilum, associated with acupuncture treatment. The diagnosis was established by direct smear and culture of material aspirated from cutaneous lesions. Species identification was achieved by characterization of the growth requirements and by partial sequencing of the hsp65 gene. The patient was successfully treated with clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin for 12 months. Considering that the number of patients receiving acupuncture treatment is widely increasing, the implications of this potential complication should be recognized, particularly in immunosuppressed patients.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium haemophilum/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/patologia , Mycobacterium haemophilum/classificação , Mycobacterium haemophilum/genética , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/patologiaRESUMO
The characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacteria cheek lesions in 7 children were reviewed. The lesions usually presented as nontender erythematous nodules and were associated with a positive purified protein derivate tuberculin skin test. Mycobacterium haemophilum was isolated in 4 cases (57%) and Mycobacterium avium complex in 3 (43%). Cytology and imaging were noncontributory. Resolution was prolonged.