RESUMO
This study investigated the effect of broiler breeder age on the morphological development of the small intestine broiler embryos (villus height, crypt depth, microvillus height, and villus density) at 20 day of incubation. Eggs obtained from 30- and 60-wk-old broiler breeders were used. The results showed that embryos from older broiler breeders presented longer villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with younger broiler breeders. In addition, embryos from older broiler breeders presented deeper crypts in the jejunum and ileum, longer microvilli in jejunal enterocytes, and lower villus density (microvillus number/mm2) in the duodenum and ileum than younger breeders. These results suggest that breeder age influences the gut mucosa development of broiler embryos. Embryos from older broiler breeder showed greater development of the small intestine mucosa than those from younger broiler breeder.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fatores Etários , Embrião de Galinha/fisiologia , Intestino Delgado/embriologia , Intestino Delgado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microvilosidades , Aves Domésticas/embriologia , Mucosa Intestinal/embriologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the effect of broiler breeder age on the morphological development of the small intestine broiler embryos (villus height, crypt depth, microvillus height, and villus density) at 20 day of incubation. Eggs obtained from 30- and 60-wk-old broiler breeders were used. The results showed that embryos from older broiler breeders presented longer villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with younger broiler breeders. In addition, embryos from older broiler breeders presented deeper crypts in the jejunum and ileum, longer microvilli in jejunal enterocytes, and lower villus density (microvillus number/mm2) in the duodenum and ileum than younger breeders. These results suggest that breeder age influences the gut mucosa development of broiler embryos. Embryos from older broiler breeder showed greater development of the small intestine mucosa than those from younger broiler breeder.
Assuntos
Animais , Embrião de Galinha/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Intestino Delgado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Intestino Delgado/embriologia , Aves Domésticas/embriologia , Microvilosidades , Mucosa Intestinal/embriologiaRESUMO
The potential for growth and feed efficiency in turkey poults directly correlates with the early development of the intestinal epithelium. Although the metabolic aspects of enteric maturation have been studied, little is known about the ultrastructural development of the enteric epithelium in the turkey embryo and poult. Hence, the objective of this study was to document the morphological and ultrastructural development of the jejunum mucosa in turkeys, from 15 d of incubation (embryonic day; E) to 12 d posthatch. Intestinal samples from 4 embryos or poults were collected and analyzed by light and electron microscopy (transmission and scanning). In addition, amniotic fluid volume was determined in 6 eggs from E15 to E25. Longitudinal previllus ridges at E15 gradually formed zigzag patterns that led to the formation of 2 parallel lines of mature villi by E25. The volume of amniotic fluid was rapidly depleted as the embryo swallowed it between E19 and E25. During this period, a major increase occurs in villus height, the apical end of epithelial cells is gradually tightened by the junctional complex, and mature goblet cells are visible at the apical end of villi. Villus height steadily increases until reaching a plateau at 8 d. Villi morphology shifts gradually from finger-like projections before hatch to leaf-like projections by 12 d. At this age, the enteric epithelium is in intimate association with microbes such as segmented filamentous bacteria. The profound morphological adaptations of the turkey gut epithelium in response to amniotic fluid swallowing before hatch, and dietary factors and bacteria after hatch, demonstrate the plasticity of the enteric epithelium at this time. Hence, the supplementation of enteric modulators before hatch (in ovo feeding) and after hatch has the potential to shape gut maturation and enhance the growth performance of turkey poults.
Assuntos
Mucosa Intestinal/fisiologia , Jejuno/fisiologia , Perus/embriologia , Animais , Embrião não Mamífero/fisiologia , Embrião não Mamífero/ultraestrutura , Células Caliciformes/citologia , Células Caliciformes/ultraestrutura , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/embriologia , Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestrutura , Jejuno/citologia , Jejuno/embriologia , Jejuno/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/veterináriaRESUMO
Epithelium, a highly dynamic system, plays a key role in the homeostasis of the intestine. However, thus far a human intestinal epithelial cell line has not been established in many countries. Fetal tissue was selected to generate viable cell cultures for its sterile condition, effective generation, and differentiated character. The purpose of the present study was to culture human intestinal epithelial cells by a relatively simple method. Thermolysin was added to improve the yield of epithelial cells, while endothelin-3 was added to stimulate their growth. By adding endothelin-3, the achievement ratio (viable cell cultures/total cultures) was enhanced to 60% of a total of 10 cultures (initiated from 8 distinct fetal small intestines), allowing the generation of viable epithelial cell cultures. Western blot, real-time PCR and immunofluorescent staining showed that cytokeratins 8, 18 and mouse intestinal mucosa-1/39 had high expression levels in human intestinal epithelial cells. Differentiated markers such as sucrase-isomaltase, aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV also showed high expression levels in human intestinal epithelial cells. Differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells, with the expression of surface markers (cytokeratins 8, 18 and mouse intestinal mucosa-1/39) and secretion of cytokines (sucrase-isomaltase, aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV), may be cultured by the thermolysin and endothelin-3 method and maintained for at least 20 passages. This is relatively simple, requiring no sophisticated techniques or instruments, and may have a number of varied applications.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Endotelina-3/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Intestino Delgado/citologia , Termolisina/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feto , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/embriologia , Intestino Delgado/embriologiaRESUMO
Epithelium, a highly dynamic system, plays a key role in the homeostasis of the intestine. However, thus far a human intestinal epithelial cell line has not been established in many countries. Fetal tissue was selected to generate viable cell cultures for its sterile condition, effective generation, and differentiated character. The purpose of the present study was to culture human intestinal epithelial cells by a relatively simple method. Thermolysin was added to improve the yield of epithelial cells, while endothelin-3 was added to stimulate their growth. By adding endothelin-3, the achievement ratio (viable cell cultures/total cultures) was enhanced to 60 percent of a total of 10 cultures (initiated from 8 distinct fetal small intestines), allowing the generation of viable epithelial cell cultures. Western blot, real-time PCR and immunofluorescent staining showed that cytokeratins 8, 18 and mouse intestinal mucosa-1/39 had high expression levels in human intestinal epithelial cells. Differentiated markers such as sucrase-isomaltase, aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV also showed high expression levels in human intestinal epithelial cells. Differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells, with the expression of surface markers (cytokeratins 8, 18 and mouse intestinal mucosa-1/39) and secretion of cytokines (sucrase-isomaltase, aminopeptidase N and dipeptidylpeptidase IV), may be cultured by the thermolysin and endothelin-3 method and maintained for at least 20 passages. This is relatively simple, requiring no sophisticated techniques or instruments, and may have a number of varied applications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , /farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Intestino Delgado/citologia , Termolisina/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feto , Mucosa Intestinal/embriologia , Intestino Delgado/embriologiaRESUMO
Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts (IEL % enterocytes) were carried out in histological samples of jejunal, ileal and appendiceal mucosa of 39 neonates, aged from birth to 28 days. Correlations between IEL counts and developmental factors, namely gestational age, birth weight and intrauterine growth, as well as neonatal infections or feeding state were performed. No significant differences were observed among neonates grouped according to birth weight, intrauterine growth or neonatal infections. The pattern of feeding, however was associated with significantly higher IEL counts (p < 0.02) in the ileum in oral/enterally fed neonates than in the unfed or parenterally fed. Full-term neonates also had higher counts in the ileum (p < 0.02). In this group, oral/enterally fed neonates had the higher values. Thus, besides in utero development, the pattern of feeding might be considered as an important modulating factor on IEL postnatal expansion.