RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal disease caused by deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), linked to the X chromosome, producing a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. CASE REPORT: We present the case of two siblings with MPS II of different paternal origin with the same genetic mutation; the age at the time of diagnosis was 5 years of age (case 1) and 8 months of age (case 2). These brethren present different findings in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with each other, case 1 presented classic findings for age, case 2 presented multiple early findings, such as dilated perivascular spaces up to 9.5 mm, magna megacisterna, among others; without neurological manifestations. CONCLUSION: This patient's brain compromise was presented before the year of age and prior to hepatosplenomegaly, thus, MRI becomes an early diagnostic tool for MPS II.
TITLE: Hallazgos tempranos y tardíos en la resonancia cerebral de dos hermanos con síndrome de Hunter.Introducción. La mucopolisacaridosis de tipo II (MPS II) es una enfermedad lisosómica causada por deficiencia de la enzima iduronato-2-sulfatasa, ligada al cromosoma X, y produce un gran espectro de manifestaciones clínicas. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso clínico de dos hermanos con MPS II de diferente origen paterno con la misma mutación genética; la edad en el momento del diagnóstico fue de 5 años (caso 1) y de 8 meses (caso 2). Dichos hermanos presentan hallazgos diferentes en la resonancia magnética cerebral entre sí: el caso 1 presentó hallazgos clásicos para la edad, y el caso 2 presentó múltiples hallazgos tempranos, como espacios perivasculares dilatados de hasta 9,5 mm y megacisterna magna, entre otros, sin presentar manifestaciones neurológicas. Conclusiones. La afectación cerebral del paciente del caso 2 se presentó antes del año de edad y previa a la hepatoesplenomegalia. La resonancia magnética se convierte en una herramienta de diagnóstico temprano para la MPS II.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Mucopolissacaridose II/diagnóstico por imagem , Neuroimagem , Ventrículos Cerebrais/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos Cerebrais/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Corpo Caloso/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridose II/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We report a case of retinal and posterior ocular findings in a 33-year-old man diagnosed with Hunter syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type II) in a multimodal imaging way. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was complaining of blurred night vision for the past 3 years. He had not received any systemic treatment for Hunter syndrome. Vision acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and corneas were clear. Fundus examination revealed bilateral crowded and hyperemic optic nerve heads (elevated in the ocular ultrasound) and areas of subretinal hypopigmentation. There was hyperautofluorescence at the central fovea and perifovea, and a diffuse bilateral choroidal fluorescence in angiography. Macular SD-OCT showed a thinning of the external retina at the perifovea in both eyes. Visual field testing showed a bilateral ring scotoma. The full field ERG was subnormal, with a negative response in the scotopic phase. Visual Evoked Potencial test and cranial MRI were normal. CONCLUSION: Our multimodal analysis reported here attempted to contribute to the knowledge of the natural history of GAG deposition in the eye, focusing on the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Defining this natural history is essential for a proper comparison with Hunter patients receiving systemic treatment, thus determining if it can or cannot improve retinal function in humans with this disorder.
Assuntos
Angiofluoresceinografia , Mucopolissacaridose II/diagnóstico por imagem , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Retinianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Adulto , Eletrorretinografia , Glicoproteínas/genética , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Mucopolissacaridose II/genética , Mucopolissacaridose II/fisiopatologia , Imagem Multimodal , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Retina/fisiopatologia , Doenças Retinianas/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Testes de Campo VisualRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the progression of mucopolysaccharidosis II in 11 Brazilian patients over a 12-month period. METHODS: Eleven Brazilian patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II were prospectively studied at the Division of Medical Genetics of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The initial assessment and the assessment at 12 months included: anamnesis, physical examination, abdominal nuclear magnetic resonance, echocardiogram, 6-minute walk test, audiometry, serum biochemical tests and urinary glycosaminoglycan concentration. RESULTS: The major findings after comparing the assessments were: 1) two patients had growth retardation; 2) two patients showed negative weight change; 3) one patient went from obese to overweight; 4) three patients revealed left ventricle hypertrophy; of these, two increased the number of cardiac valve lesions; 5) there was no statistically significant difference between the mean distances obtained on the 6-minute walk test; 6) there was splenic enlargement; 7) there was an increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase levels; 8) the urinary concentration of glycosaminoglycans remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: In general, echocardiographic findings were the only variable with deterioration and possible immediate clinical consequences. Although a 12-month period is too short to detect changes in most variables related to mucopolysaccharidosis II, its progressive nature should be taken into account when evaluating the efficiency of treatment protocols.