Assuntos
Gasometria/história , Bronquiolite/fisiopatologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/história , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Respiração , Bronquiolite/virologia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Lactente , Pediatria , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Physicians have used fetal heart monitoring for 300 years but it has faced a revolution in the last 50 years after the incorporation of new devices and the discovery of the normal patterns of labour. Dr Caldeyro Barcia in Uruguay was one of the pioneers of the development of intrauterine pressure monitors and, with Dr Edward H Hon (1917-2007), he established the basis of modern electronic fetal heart monitoring which is still used in most labour and delivery rooms across the World. Nowadays medicine and technology advances so fast that devices created 10 years ago are considered old fashioned or obsolete.
Assuntos
Coração Fetal , Monitorização Fisiológica/história , Obstetrícia/história , Fisiologia/história , Feminino , Hipóxia Fetal/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Gravidez , UruguaiRESUMO
The understanding of digestive physiology, gastric acid production, and gastroesophageal reflux disease has been evolving since the 16th century. During this time, several methods to detect gastric refluxate were ingeniously developed. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring is still the current gold standard test for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. State-of-the-art technologies use catheter-free wireless pH sensors, an idea first conceived in the 1950s. The authors reviewed the history of esophageal pH monitoring.
Assuntos
Monitorização Fisiológica/história , Gastroenterologia/história , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
PURPOSE: Controversy persists about when EEG became a fundamental tool in the preoperative investigation for epilepsy surgery. We revisit Penfield's first use of invasive EEG monitoring, emphasizing its historical importance for the evolution of epilepsy surgery. METHODS: Patients' hospital charts and articles published before 1940 regarding EEG and epilepsy or EEG and cerebral lesions were reviewed to evaluate the historical context of the surgery. RESULTS: In April 1939, Penfield performed trephination over both temporal regions and placed electrodes on the dura, intending to lateralize seizure origin in a patient with bitemporal epilepsy. The patient underwent serial EEGs with this technique. The final report of the recordings from epidural leads was "continued random delta activity in the left temporal region indicating a cortical lesion on this side." The pneumoencephalogram showed "the presence of diffuse cerebral atrophy, particularly in the left cerebral hemisphere." Based on these findings, the patient underwent surgery on April 21, revealing a meningocerebral scar in the posterior part of the left temporal lobe. Brain stimulation and electrocorticography delineated the extent of resection, while preserving the speech area. Seizures did not improve. CONCLUSIONS: We revisit the first case of epidural EEG monitoring for epilepsy surgery and show that the concept of EEG-directed surgery was already present at the Montreal Neurological Institute in the late 1930s.