RESUMO
1. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of natural sodium bentonite (NaB) in the prevention of toxic effects of aflatoxins. Five hundred and twenty-eight 1-d-old Ross male broiler chickens were housed in pens (22 chickens per pen) for 42 d. There were 3 inclusion rates of NaB (0, 2.5, and 5 g/kg) and 2 of aflatoxins (0 and 3 mg/kg food). Each treatment had 4 replicates of 22 chickens. 2. All chickens treated with aflatoxin and without bentonite were adversely affected. NaB treatment at 5.0 g/kg improved body weights at 42 d of age by 31.3%, increased food intake by 23.8% and improved productive efficiency by 40.1%. Weights of liver, heart, pancreas and crop and biochemical variables were not affected by dietary NaB. However, serum phosphorous concentration was reduced by 30% compared with chickens that received aflatoxin. 3. NaB caused no adverse effects on chickens that did not receive aflatoxin. 4. It is concluded that NaB at pH 7.9 partially neutralises the effects of aflatoxins on broiler chickens when included at 5.0 g/kg in the diet.
Assuntos
Aflatoxinas/intoxicação , Bentonita/farmacologia , Micotoxicose/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Ração Animal , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Galinhas , Papo das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrólitos/sangue , Ingestão de Energia/efeitos dos fármacos , Moela das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Micotoxicose/prevenção & controle , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangueRESUMO
The relation between gizzard erosion-black vomit (GE-BV) and gastric secretion is not completely understood. A pharmacological approach to reduce the presence of GE-BV in chicks due to fish meal in diets is also unknown. In this study the use of omeprazole, a H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor, and fish meals of different biotoxicological characteristics, showed that: 1) Omeprazole decreased total gastric acid content, GE scores and severe GE (SGE) cases, in a dose-dependent manner. This reduction was significant at levels higher than 20 mg omeprazole/Kg body weight (BW)/day (p < 0.01). The addition of 50 mg omeprazole/kg BW/day almost completely prevented the incidence of SGE cases and reduced in 50% GE score in chicks (p < 0.01). 2) A significant reduction in specific mortality, near 90%, was also seen with all toxic fish meals when omeprazole (50 mg/Kg BW/day) was added to experimental diets in comparison to control groups. However, no mortality was observed when omeprazole was added to diets containing non-toxic fish meals. 3) In chicks fed with toxic fish meals, addition of different amounts of omeprazole to diets changed the relative weight of proventriculus (p < 0.01) and gizzard (p < 0.05). Maximum effect was obtained with omeprazole concentration higher than 50 mg/Kg BW/day. 4) Omeprazole did not change feed intake in chicks fed with toxic fish meal. However, in some fish meal a reduction on weight gain was observed with the addition of omeprazole.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/efeitos adversos , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Galinhas , Moela das Aves/efeitos dos fármacos , Omeprazol/uso terapêutico , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológico , Vômito/veterinária , Administração Oral , Animais , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Produtos Pesqueiros/efeitos adversos , Peixes , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Moela das Aves/patologia , Masculino , Mortalidade , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/etiologia , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
El epitelio cornificado de molleja de pollo, puede ser utilizado como fuente de proteinas, ya que contienen 58.10 por ciento de proteinas digeribles y ademas 5mg por ciento de vitamina C, 7mg por ciento de ácido nicotinico, 200 ug por ciento de rivoflavina y 100 ug de tiamina. El epitelio es apto para el consumo porque no se han encontrado tóxicos volátiles, ni metales pesados y su recuento microbiano está dentro de los parámetros permitidos. Bajo las condiciones experimentales el epitelio no mostró acción sobre los cálculos biliares y renales. El efecto antiespasmódico que se le atribuía sobre los dolores estomacales no se debe a la acción de enzimas porque éstas no se encuentran en el epitelio.
Assuntos
Moela das Aves/anatomia & histologia , Moela das Aves/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Fenthion, an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was used to study the role of the cholinergic system on the development of gizzard erosion. Fenthion increases the gizzard erosion score in a dose-dependent manner and this effect became significant at levels higher than .1 ppm (p less than .05). An inverse relationship between plasma cholinesterase activity and pesticide concentration was also observed at doses higher than 1 ppm (P less than .05). These results show the necessity to evaluate organophosphate pesticide levels during the selection of fish meals in poultry.