RESUMO
Resumo A partir de documentação produzida entre a primeira metade do século XIX e a primeira metade do século XX, prioritariamente relatórios médicos, o artigo aponta as concepções vigentes na comunidade médica colonial e entre as populações locais sobre a lepra, suas manifestações e seu enfrentamento. Enfoca as tensões quanto à prática de segregação dos leprosos e suas implicações sanitárias e sociais. Para compreender as raízes dos discursos e estratégias no meio médico português e colonial, recupera-se a trajetória das definições de isolamento, segregação, lepra e suas aplicações, ou ausência de referência, na literatura de missionários, cronistas e médicos em Angola e Moçambique a partir da segunda metade do século XVII.
Abstract Drawing on documents produced between the early nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, mainly medical reports, this paper indicates the prevailing conceptions in the colonial medical community and local populations about leprosy, its manifestations, and how to deal with it. It focuses on the tensions concerning the practice of segregating lepers and its social and sanitation implications. To comprehend the roots of the discourses and strategies in the Portuguese and colonial medical environment, the trajectory of the definitions of isolation, segregation, and leprosy are traced, as are their use in or absence from the writings of missionaries, chroniclers, and doctors in Angola and Mozambique as of the second half of the seventeenth century.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Isolamento de Pacientes/história , Hospitais de Dermatologia Sanitária de Patologia Tropical/história , Hanseníase/história , Médicos/história , Portugal , Colonialismo/história , Doenças Endêmicas/história , África , Missionários/história , Hanseníase/terapia , MoçambiqueRESUMO
Drawing on documents produced between the early nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, mainly medical reports, this paper indicates the prevailing conceptions in the colonial medical community and local populations about leprosy, its manifestations, and how to deal with it. It focuses on the tensions concerning the practice of segregating lepers and its social and sanitation implications. To comprehend the roots of the discourses and strategies in the Portuguese and colonial medical environment, the trajectory of the definitions of isolation, segregation, and leprosy are traced, as are their use in or absence from the writings of missionaries, chroniclers, and doctors in Angola and Mozambique as of the second half of the seventeenth century.
Assuntos
Hospitais de Dermatologia Sanitária de Patologia Tropical/história , Hanseníase/história , Isolamento de Pacientes/história , África , Colonialismo/história , Doenças Endêmicas/história , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Hanseníase/terapia , Missionários/história , Moçambique , Médicos/história , PortugalRESUMO
In this research we focus on the medical evangelist Levi B. Salmans, and The Good Samaritan sanitarium. Doctor Salmans lived in Mexico for about 50 years (1885-1935). During the first part of his stay, he was devoted to found churches and Methodist schools. However, from 1891 he took a turn in his career by founding dispensaries in different towns of Guanajuato to create, in 1899, the private charity association for the sick and infirm The Good Samaritan. His intense, intellectual, and practical work led him to create health journals, to train nurses, and to promote physiotherapies in accordance with the science advances of that time. By itself, this research shows that the history of medicine in Mexico still has long way to go and that Protestant communities, in favor of modernity and scientific knowledge, took a big part in shaping the history of this discipline in Mexico.
La presente investigación expone la figura del médico evangelista Levi Salmans y del sanatorio El Buen Samaritano. El doctor Salmans radicó en México aproximadamente 50 años (1885-1935). Durante la primera parte de su estancia se dedicó a fundar tanto iglesias como escuelas metodistas. Sin embargo, a partir de 1891 dio un giro a su carrera al fundar dispensarios en distintos poblados de Guanajuato hasta crear, en 1899, la Asociación de Beneficencia Privada para Enfermos "El Buen Samaritano". Su intensa labor práctica e intelectual lo llevó a crear revistas de higiene y salud, a formar enfermeras y a promover fisioterapias congruentes con los adelantos surgidos de la modernidad y la ciencia. Por sí misma, esta investigación muestra que la historia de la medicina en México aún tiene un largo camino por recorrer y que las comunidades protestantes, partidarias de la modernidad y del conocimiento científico, fueron partícipes en la institucionalización de la medicina en México.
Assuntos
Instituições de Caridade/história , Hospitais Religiosos/história , Missionários/história , Protestantismo/história , Religião e Medicina , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , MéxicoRESUMO
The centenary celebration for Scottish missionary, Mary Slessor, took place on February 14, 2015 in Melle, Belgium. Slessor saved many newborn twins and their mothers from death and disownment by members of their community, including their families, who believed twins harbored evil spirits. The events of this unusual and significant gathering are described. Next, twin research and reports concerning Kleinfelter's disease, atopic diseases, autism and psychotherapy are presented. General interest subjects include identical female twin pole-vaulters, the longest twin birth interval, Franco-Cuban twin vocalists, and Croatian twin models.
Assuntos
Missionários/história , Gêmeos , Austrália , Cultura , Feminino , História do Século XX , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Nigéria , Escócia , Gêmeos/psicologiaRESUMO
The positions of Pedro Arata, Moisés Santiago Bertoni, Carlos Leonhardt and Guillermo Furlong in the debate about the role of the Society of Jesus in the introduction and development of science in the La Plata region are investigated. Written between 1890 and the late 1950s, these authors' works not only analyze the medical, pharmaceutical and botanical knowledge of the Jesuit missionaries in the 1600s and 1700s, but also evaluate their contribution to scientific thinking in the countries colonized by Spain and Portugal. Their positions foretaste the historiographical debate about the reactionary nature of the Jesuit order and reflections about the contribution made by indigenous knowledge of American pharmacopeia to the knowledge the missionaries took to the continents where they were active.
Assuntos
Catolicismo/história , Missionários/história , Farmacêuticos/história , Médicos/história , Brasil , Historiografia , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XXRESUMO
Analisam-se as posições de Pedro Arata, Moisés Santiago Bertoni, Carlos Leonhardt e Guillermo Furlong no debate sobre o papel da Companhia de Jesus na introdução e no desenvolvimento das ciências na América platina. Escritas entre 1890 e fins de 1950, as obras desses autores tanto analisam o conhecimento médico, farmacêutico e botânico dos missionários jesuítas nos séculos XVII e XVIII quanto avaliam a contribuição da Companhia para o pensamento científico nos países de colonização ibérica. Suas posições antecipam o debate historiográfico sobre o reacionarismo da ordem jesuíta e as reflexões sobre a contribuição dos saberes indígenas sobre a farmacopeia americana para o conhecimento que os missionários levaram aos continentes em que atuaram.
The positions of Pedro Arata, Moisés Santiago Bertoni, Carlos Leonhardt and Guillermo Furlong in the debate about the role of the Society of Jesus in the introduction and development of science in the La Plata region are investigated. Written between 1890 and the late 1950s, these authors’ works not only analyze the medical, pharmaceutical and botanical knowledge of the Jesuit missionaries in the 1600s and 1700s, but also evaluate their contribution to scientific thinking in the countries colonized by Spain and Portugal. Their positions foretaste the historiographical debate about the reactionary nature of the Jesuit order and reflections about the contribution made by indigenous knowledge of American pharmacopeia to the knowledge the missionaries took to the continents where they were active.