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Los leiomiomas, también llamados miomas o fibromas, son tumores del músculo liso que puede localizarse en cualquier parte del cuerpo, pero más comúnmente en los tractos genital y gastrointestinal. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar un caso de mioma vaginal en una mujer de 42 años. La paciente acudió a la consulta por presentar, desde hace varios meses, una masa redondeada, indolora y de crecimiento gradual, a nivel del introito vaginal. Se constata, mediante examen clínico e imagenológico, la presencia de una tumoración redondeada de implantación sésil, en la cara anterior de la vagina. Fue realizada la exéresis quirúrgica, la cual se envió para un estudio histopatológico. Se comprobó que se trataba de un leiomioma de la vagina. La paciente no presentó complicaciones posoperatorias(AU)

Leiomyomas, also called myomas or fibroids, are smooth muscle tumors that can be located anywhere in the body, but more commonly in the genital and gastrointestinal tracts. The objective of the paper is to present a case of vaginal myoma in a 42-year-old woman. This patient came to the consultation for presenting a painless gradually-growing round mass at the level of the vaginal introitus, for several months. The presence of a rounded mass of sessile implantation on the anterior side of the vagina is confirmed by clinical and imaging examination. Surgical exeresis was performed, which was histopathologically studied. It was found to be a vagina leiomyoma. The patient did not present postoperative complications(AU)

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ANTECEDENTES: La prevalencia de los miomas uterinos en la gestación es de 0,3 a 2,6% de los cuales un 10% se complican durante el embarazo. El manejo quirúrgico de los miomas en la gestación se reserva solo para los casos complicados. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 36 años, primigesta, que consulta a las 11 semanas de gestación por cuadro de distensión abdominal, edema en extremidades inferiores y sangrado vaginal escaso. El examen físico y la ecografía evidencia un mioma de 23 cm de diámetro y saco gestacional con embrión vivo a nivel de hipocondrio izquierdo. En controles posteriores la paciente empeora clínicamente debido al crecimiento del mioma, presentado dolor abdominal intenso, aumento de edemas en ambas extremidades inferiores. Los estudios de imagen informan ectasia pielocalicial bilateral y compresión de venas ilíacas. Ante los hallazgos y clínica se realiza miomectomía sin incidencias a las 14 semanas de gestación. El postoperatorio y controles posteriores son normales y se programa cesárea a las 37 semanas de gestación. DISCUSIÓN: La miomectomía en la gestación conlleva riesgos de hemorragia y aborto. Se reserva para casos puntuales que no respondan al manejo expectante. La recomendación actual y la experiencia indican que se debe realizar en el segundo trimestre de gestación. CONCLUSIÓN: La miomectomía en la gestación es una técnica que se debe plantear en casos seleccionados y que presenta pocas complicaciones.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of uterine fibroids in pregnancy is 0.3 to 2.6%, 10% of which complicate during pregnancy. The surgical management of fibroids in pregnant women is reserved for complicated cases. CASE REPORT: The patient is 36 years old, first pregnancy, consulting at 11 weeks of gestation with bloating, edema in the lower extremities and mild vaginal bleeding. Physical examination and ultrasound evidence a 23 cm diameter fibroid and gestational sac with live embryo in the left upper abdominal quadrant. In subsequent tests the patient worsens clinically due to fibroid growth, presenting intense abdominal pain, increased edema in both lower extremities. Imaging studies report pyelocalyceal bilateral ectasia and compression of iliac veins. Given these findings and symptoms a myomectomy is performed without incidents at 14 weeks of gestation. Postoperative and subsequent tests are normal and caesarean section is preformed at 37 weeks of gestation. DISCUSSION: myomectomy in pregnancy carries risks of bleeding and abortion. It is reserved for cases that do not respond to expectant management. The current recommendation and experience indicate that it has to be performed in the second trimester. CONCLUSION: Myomectomy in pregnancy is a technique that should be considered in selected cases and has few complications.

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Objetivo: informar sobre un caso inusual de leiomioma intramaxilar, sus características clínico-radiográficas y su diagnóstico diferencial. Caso clínico: se presenta a la consulta una niña de 10 años de edad con una lesión osteolítica en el maxilar superior, inicialmente considerada -según los antecedentes clínicos- una complicación periapical, producto de lesión pulpar postraumática. Luego de realizar el tratamiento endodóntico convencional, los controles radiográficos posteriores evidenciaron, a los 2 meses, falta de remisión de la lesión osteolítica y, a los 4 meses, aumento de su tamaño. Tras su extirpación quirúrgica, el estudio histopatológico correspondiente diagnosticó leiomioma. Conclusiones: el leiomioma es una neoplasia benigna del músculo liso que, habitualmente, se localiza en los tejidos blandos. Su presencia en la cavidad bucal es infrecuente y es aún más rara en los maxilares. Por su aspecto radiográfico inespecífico, puede confundirse con otras patologías, lo cual dificulta el diagnóstico precoz.(AU))

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BACKGROUND: To estimate sensitivity and specificity of hysterosonography for diagnosis of endometrial cavity abnormalities. The gold-standard was hysteroscopy; to compare the agreement between ultrasonographic, hysterosonographic and hysteroscopic findings using the KIA (Kappa Index Agreement). METHODS: Fifty asymptomatic postmenopausal women that had a suspicion of endometrial abnormalities based upon transvaginal ultrasonography were studied. Hysterosonography, diagnostic hysteroscopy and oriented biopsy were performed and the Kia was used to compare results. RESULTS: The most frequent abnormalities were polyps (58%), synechiae (20%), submucous myoma (12%) and endometrial thickening (6%). The uterine cavity was considered normal in 4% of the evaluations by hysteroscopy. The sensitivity of hysterosonography to diagnose polyps was of 89.7%, the specificity of 81.0% and the KIA of 71.1%. For synechia sensitivity of hysterosonography was of 80%, specificity of 100% and the KIA of 86.5%; for submucous myoma sensitivity was of 83.3%; specificity of 97.7% and the KIA of 81.1%, and for endometrial thickening, sensitivity was of 33.3%, specificity of 89.4% and the KIA of 15.5%. CONCLUSION: Hysterosonography showed very good agreement with hysteroscopy for the diagnosis of synechiae and submucous myomas; good agreement for polyps and poor agreement for endometrial thickening. Based upon this data hysterosonography may be deemed a simple, efficient, and accurate method for the evaluation of the uterine cavity in the postmenopausal period.

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Cardiac myxomas are rare tumors. They usually appear as a sporadic isolated condition in the left atrium of middle-aged women with no other coincidental pathology. Carney and others have described in young people a special complex group of cardiac myxomas associated to a distinctive complex pathology, giving identity to the "Syndrome Myxoma" or "Carney's Syndrome". Four additional cases of this syndrome, treated from 1977 to 1999 at the Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile are presented here with a comprehensive review of the literature, accumulating 100 cases. The main features of our cases include the presence of malignant non cardiac tumors, a familial trend, follow-up of 23 years and an iterative recurrence in the elder case. To date all patients are tumor free. Reviewing the literature, patients with Carney's Syndrome were younger, with a mean age of 26 years and female predominance (62%). Cardiac myxomas affected the four chambers of the heart: 64% the left atrium; 44% the right atrium; 14% the left ventricle and 12% the right ventricle. They were multiple tumors in 41% and involved more than one chamber in 31%, being synchronous or metachronous. There was a marked familial trend (52%), a high incidence of recurrence (20%), with more than one occurring in half the cases. Extra-cardiac involvement consisted of: 68% pigmented skin lesions, 40% cutaneous myxomas, 37% adrenal cortical disease, 27% myxoid mammary fibroadenoma and 34% male patients with testes tumors. A low percentage had pituitary adenoma, melanotic schwannomas and thyroid disease. The diagnosis is made when two or more of these criteria are present. In agreement with these findings the four chambers of the heart should be examined at surgery for atypical myxoma locations, right atriotomy and combined superior-transseptal approach improve exposure of the cavities, careful screening of the first degree family members should be conducted, and closed short and long term follow up controls are important. Complex myxoma appears as a multi-systemic disorder, occasionally having an ominous prognosis and malignant potentiality, and is still undergoing investigation for better understanding and identification.

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