RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated the chemical composition of a commercial sample of essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker and its antifungal activity against Microsporum canis ATCC 32903, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 14683, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11480, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507. METHODS: Morphological changes in these fungi after treatment with the oil were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity of the oil was determined on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. RESULTS: The compound 1,8-cineole was found to be the predominant component (72.2%) of the essential oil. The MIC values of the oil ranged from 62.5µg·mL-1 to >1,000µg·mL-1, and the MFC values of the oil ranged from 125µg·mL-1 to >1,000µg·mL-1. SEM analysis showed physical damage and morphological alterations in the fungi exposed to this oil. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the potential of Eucalyptus smithii essential oil as a natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Eucalyptus/química , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacos , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microsporum/classificação , Microsporum/ultraestrutura , Óleos Voláteis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Trichophyton/classificação , Trichophyton/ultraestruturaRESUMO
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated the chemical composition of a commercial sample of essential oil from Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker and its antifungal activity against Microsporum canis ATCC 32903, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 14683, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11480, T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and Trichophyton rubrum CCT 5507. METHODS: Morphological changes in these fungi after treatment with the oil were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity of the oil was determined on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. RESULTS: The compound 1,8-cineole was found to be the predominant component (72.2%) of the essential oil. The MIC values of the oil ranged from 62.5μg·mL−1 to >1,000μg·mL−1, and the MFC values of the oil ranged from 125μg·mL−1 to >1,000μg·mL−1. SEM analysis showed physical damage and morphological alterations in the fungi exposed to this oil. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the potential of Eucalyptus smithii essential oil as a natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Eucalyptus/química , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacos , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microsporum/classificação , Microsporum/ultraestrutura , Óleos Voláteis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Trichophyton/classificação , Trichophyton/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Worldwide, dermatophytoses represent a high percentage of all superficial mycoses. The most frequently isolated dermatophyte is Trichophyton rubrum. Solanum chrysotrichum is a vegetal species widely used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat skin infections; its extract has been used to formulate an herbal medicinal product that is used successfully to treat Tinea pedis. Spirostanic saponin SC-2 from S. Chrysotrichum possesses high activity against dermatophytes. The present study reports the ultrastructural changes observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in clinical isolates of T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, and Microsporum gypseum induced by saponin SC-2. Strains were grown in RPMI 1640 containing SC-2 (1600 microg/mL). Fungi were harvested at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h; controls without SC-2 were included. T. mentagrophytes was the most susceptible to the SC-2 saponin, followed by M. gypseum, while T. rubrum was the most resistant. The main alterations caused by the SC-2 saponin were as follows: i) loss of cytoplasmic membrane continuity; ii) organelle degradation; iii) to a lesser extent, irreversible damage to the fungal wall; and iv) cellular death.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Saponinas/farmacologia , Solanum/química , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacos , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Microsporum/ultraestrutura , Organelas/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/uso terapêutico , Trichophyton/ultraestruturaRESUMO
We describe simple and cost-effective methods using carbohydrates to improve the in vitro viability of dermatophytes. Glucose and sucrose in different concentrations (3, 6, 9 and 12%) were used to maintain fifteen strains of M. canis and T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes at 4 and -20 degrees C. The strains were phenotypically analyzed before storage and reevaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. At 1 and 3 months, any alterations in the viability or phenotype pattern of the stored strains were noted. At 6 months, both dermatophytes were 100% viable, when preserved in glucose (3, 6, 9 and 12%) at -20 degrees C. All T. mentagrophytes strains were also viable in sucrose (12%), at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C. However, sucrose failed to improve the viability of M. canis at both temperatures. At 9 months, the higher viabilities without pleomorphism were seen for both dermatophytes preserved in glucose (9 and 12%) at -20 degrees C.
Assuntos
Glucose/farmacologia , Microsporum/citologia , Trichophyton/citologia , Arthrodermataceae/citologia , Arthrodermataceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Microsporum/efeitos dos fármacos , Microsporum/ultraestrutura , Sacarose/farmacologia , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacos , Trichophyton/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Se revisan los recientes adelantos conceptuales y experimentales acerca del Microsporum gypseum. Se señalan los aspectos históricos referentes al aislamiento de su forma perfecta e imperfecta en Venezuela y el mundo, destacándose las condiciones epidemiológicas para el establecimiento, desarrollo y división de las infecciones ocasionadas por este hongo. se presentan los casos de micosis causadas por M.gypserum, discriminadas por entidades Federales para Venezuela durante 1984-1987. En cuanto en la ecología, se refieren las zonas favorables para el crecimiento de este hongo, siendo aquellas donde existe abundante material queratináceo en climas tropicales y subtropicales. Además, se reafirma que no es un hongo únicamente geofílico, por haber sido aislado en otros sustratos diferentes al suelo. La presente revisión expone los conceptos morfológicos y ultraestructurales del estado sexual. se resumen las siguientes características fisiológicas: Temperatura, humedad y presión de gases óptimos, requerimientos nutricionales y actividad enzimática