RESUMO
Microalgae cultivation for exopolysaccharide production has getting more attention as a result of their high hydrocarbon biosynthesis skill. The aim of this study is to examine the exopolysaccharide production potential of different species of microalgae. In this context, exopolysaccharides were produced from Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella sorokiniana and Botryococcus braunii microalgae and the effects of carbon and nitrogen content in the growth medium and illumination time on exopolysaccharide production were analyzed statistically using Box-Behnken experimental design. In addition, techno-economic assessment of exopolysaccharide production were also performed by using the most productive microalgae and optimum conditions determined in this study. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that C. minutissima, C. sorokiniana and B. braunii produced 0.245 ± 0.0025 g/L, 0.163 ± 0.0016 g/L and 0.117 ± 0.0007 g/L exopolysaccharide, respectively. Statistically, it was observed that there was an inverse relationship between the exopolysaccharide production and investigated parameters such as illumination period and carbon and nitrogen amounts of culture mediums. The techno-economic assessment comprising microalgal exopolysaccharide (EPS) bioprocess was carried out, and it showed that the system can be considered economically viable, yet can be improved with biorefinery approach.
Assuntos
Microalgas , Polissacarídeos , Biomassa , Carbono/análise , Meios de Cultura/química , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Microalgas/química , Nitrogênio/análise , Polissacarídeos/biossíntese , Polissacarídeos/químicaRESUMO
Xylanases have gained increasing importance due to their diverse applications in the food, paper, and pharmaceutical industries, however, the production of these enzymes currently uses expensive substrates. It has already been estimated that more than 30% of the enzyme production cost originates from the substrate. The present study aimed to optimize the production of extracellular xylanases by the Bacillus sp. TC-DT 13 using solid-state fermentation with agro-industrial residues, with a view at reducing the production cost of these enzymes. All the agro-industrial residues were tested in submerged fermentation to select the best inductor to produce xylanase. Among these residues, wheat bran was selected as the best inducer of xylanase production with 1500 U/mL. Regarding solid-state fermentation, the use of wheat bran as the only fermentation substrate was used and a ratio of 1:4 moisture over a time of 144 hours induced higher amount of xylanase reaching 2943 U/g. The use of carbon and nitrogen sources did not result in the increase in production of xylanolitic enzymes. The use of agro-industrial residues in the solid-state fermentation, besides increasing the production of xylanase, reduces the cost of production and is an environmentally friendly alternative.
Assuntos
Bacillus/enzimologia , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Endo-1,4-beta-Xilanases/metabolismo , Bacillus/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Fermentação , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , TemperaturaRESUMO
In 1968, Arima et al. discovered the heptapeptide, known as surfactin, which belongs to a family of lipopeptides. Known for its ability to reduce surface tension, it also has biological activities such as antimicrobial and antiviral. Its non-ribosomal synthesis mechanism was later discovered (1991). Lipopeptides represent an important class of surfactants, which can be applied in many industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceutical, agrochemicals, detergents, and cleaning products. Currently, 75% of the surfactants used in the various industrial sectors are from the petrochemical industry. Nevertheless, there are global current demands (green chemistry concept) to replace the petrochemical products with environmentally friendly products, such as surfactants by biosurfactants. The production biosurfactants still are costly. Thus, an alternative to reduce the production costs is using agro-industrial waste as a culture medium associated with an efficient and scalable purification process. This review puts a light on the agro-industrial residues used to produce surfactin and the techniques used for its recovery.
Assuntos
Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Lipopeptídeos/economia , Lipopeptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos Cíclicos/economia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Tensoativos/economia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Microbiologia Industrial/história , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lipopeptídeos/genética , Lipopeptídeos/história , Peptídeos Cíclicos/genética , Peptídeos Cíclicos/história , Tensoativos/história , Tensoativos/metabolismoRESUMO
Photolyases are DNA-repairing flavoproteins that are represented in most phylogenetic taxa with the exception of placental mammals. These enzymes reduce the ultraviolet-induced DNA damage; thus, they have features that make them very attractive for dermatological or other medical uses, such as the prevention of human skin cancer and actinic keratosis. In this work, we identified a 50.8 kDa photolyase from the UVC-resistant Antarctic bacterium Hymenobacter sp. UV11. The enzyme was produced by recombinant DNA technology, purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and its activity was analyzed using different approaches: detection of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) by immunochemistry, high-performance liquid chromatography and comet assays using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) and immortalized nontumorigenic human epidermal (HaCat) cells. The information supports that the recombinant protein has the ability to repair the formation of CPDs, on both double- and single-stranded DNA. This CPD-photolyase was fully active on CHO and HaCat cell lines, suggesting that this enzyme could be used for medical or cosmetic purposes. Results also suggest that the UV11 CPD-photolyase uses MTHF as chromophore in the antenna domain. The potential use of this recombinant enzyme in the development of new inventions with pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications is discussed during this work.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Desoxirribodipirimidina Fotoliase/genética , Flavobacteriaceae/genética , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Células CHO , Custos e Análise de Custo , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Desoxirribodipirimidina Fotoliase/metabolismo , Flavobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Humanos , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMO
To reduce the cost of obtaining bacterial cellulose, acidic by-products of the alcohol and dairy industries were used without any pretreatment or addition of other nitrogen sources. Studies have shown that the greatest accumulation of bacterial cellulose (6.19g/L) occurs on wheat thin stillage for 3 days of cultivation under dynamic conditions, which is almost 3 times higher than on standard Hestrin and Schramm medium (2.14g/L). The use of whey as a nutrient medium makes it possible to obtain 5.45g/L bacterial cellulose under similar conditions of cultivation. It is established that the pH of the medium during the growth of Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans B-11267 depends on the feedstock used and its initial value. By culturing the bacterium on thin stillage and whey, there is a decrease in the acidity of the waste. It is shown that the infrared spectra of bacterial cellulose obtained in a variety of environments have a similar character, but we found differences in the micromorphology and crystallinity of the resulting biopolymer.
Assuntos
Celulose/biossíntese , Gluconacetobacter/metabolismo , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Resíduos/análise , Meios de Cultura/economia , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Indústria Alimentícia , Gluconacetobacter/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Triticum/metabolismo , Triticum/microbiologia , Resíduos/economiaRESUMO
Abstract To reduce the cost of obtaining bacterial cellulose, acidic by-products of the alcohol and dairy industries were used without any pretreatment or addition of other nitrogen sources. Studies have shown that the greatest accumulation of bacterial cellulose (6.19 g/L) occurs on wheat thin stillage for 3 days of cultivation under dynamic conditions, which is almost 3 times higher than on standard Hestrin and Schramm medium (2.14 g/L). The use of whey as a nutrient medium makes it possible to obtain 5.45 g/L bacterial cellulose under similar conditions of cultivation. It is established that the pH of the medium during the growth of Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans B-11267 depends on the feedstock used and its initial value. By culturing the bacterium on thin stillage and whey, there is a decrease in the acidity of the waste. It is shown that the infrared spectra of bacterial cellulose obtained in a variety of environments have a similar character, but we found differences in the micromorphology and crystallinity of the resulting biopolymer.
Assuntos
Resíduos/análise , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Celulose/biossíntese , Gluconacetobacter/metabolismo , Resíduos/economia , Triticum/metabolismo , Triticum/microbiologia , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Indústria Alimentícia , Meios de Cultura/economia , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Gluconacetobacter/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Etanol/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Biodiesel industry wastes were evaluated as supplements for lipase production by Moniliella spathulata R25L270, which is newly identified yeast with great lipolytic potential. Macaúba cake (MC), used for the first time in this work as inducer to produce lipases, and residual oil (RO) were mixed to maximise enzyme production. The lipase secreted was biochemically characterised. RESULTS: The best ratio for the mixture (MC:RO) was 0.66:0.34 and the fitted values for lipase activity and total protein concentration were 0.98 U mL(-1) and 0.356 mg mL(-1), respectively. Maximum activity obtained (2.47 U mL(-1)) was achieved at 31.5°C and pH 6.7, and the enzyme was stable in this condition. A novel enzyme was purified and identified for the first time by mass spectrometry. The lipase efficiently hydrolysed different natural oils and exhibited selectivity in the production of eicosapentaenoic acid from fish oil. CONCLUSION: The use of MC and RO as a supplement to produce the new lipase from M. spathulata R25L270 may be one alternative for reducing lipase production costs and simultaneously adding value to biodiesel industry residues. The potential application of the lipase in the oleochemical industry was demonstrated by its pH and temperature stabilities and selective hydrolysis.
Assuntos
Arecaceae/metabolismo , Basidiomycota/enzimologia , Biocombustíveis/análise , Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lipase/biossíntese , Resíduos/análise , Arecaceae/química , Basidiomycota/genética , Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Fermentação , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Microbiologia Industrial/instrumentação , Lipase/genética , Óleos de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
In this paper the cost of producing the enzyme laccase by the white-rot fungus Trametes pubescens under both submerged (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions was studied. The fungus was cultured using more than 45 culture medium compositions. The cost of production was estimated by analyzing the cost of the culture medium, the cost of equipment and the operating costs. The cost of the culture medium represented, in all cases, the highest contribution to the total cost, while, the cost of equipment was significantly low, representing less than 2% of the total costs. The cultivation under SSF conditions presented a final cost 50-fold lower than the one obtained when culturing under SmF conditions at flask scale. In addition, the laccase production under SSF conditions in tray bioreactors reduced the final cost 4-fold compared to the one obtained under SSF conditions at flask scale, obtaining a final price of 0.04 cent /U.
Assuntos
Reatores Biológicos/economia , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Lacase/biossíntese , Trametes/enzimologia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Meios de Cultura/economia , Técnicas de Cultura/economia , FermentaçãoRESUMO
Protease production by Streptomyces sp. 594 was obtained after submerged fermentation (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using feather meal (FM) and corn steep liquor (CSL) as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. Enzyme productions were 13.4 U ml(-1) in SF and 21.5 U g(-1) in SSF; these values were approximately 86% and 39% higher, respectively, than those obtained previously when yeast extract was used in place of CSL. The proteases, which belong to the serine and metalloproteinase classes, were active at high temperatures (55 degrees C to 90 degrees C) and over a wide range of pH values (5.0 to 10.0). Thus, these thermophilic proteases have shown interesting properties for industrial purposes. As far as we are concerned, this is the first contribution toward the microbial production of thermophilic proteases by a streptomycete using a low-cost medium composed of industrial poultry (FM) and corn processing by-products (CSL).
Assuntos
Fermentação , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Peptídeo Hidrolases/biossíntese , Streptomyces/enzimologia , Animais , Meios de Cultura , Plumas , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Streptomyces/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Temperatura , Zea mays/químicaRESUMO
Modified nucleosides can be prepared by microbial transglycosylation from cheaper nucleoside precursors using free or immobilised whole cells. An efficient screening method to find transglycosylation activity in microorganisms was developed for the synthesis of 6-modified purine nucleosides, such as 6-chloro-, 6-methoxy-, 6-iodo- and 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleoside. Out of 100 microorganisms screened, Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 was the best for this purpose.