RESUMO
Rainfall incidence as a risk factor for umbilical myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in newborn beef cattle and the preventive and curative efficacies of injectable and topical products against its larvae were evaluated. The prevalence of navel myiasis did not differ between sex, however, it did differ between seasons of the year, independent of animal sex, with it being higher in the rainy season than in the dry season for both sexes (males 64.6%, females 62.1%). During the rainy season, rains occurred intermittently and the number of rainy days in a week had a direct influence on prevalence, with an increase (≥87%) in the number of calves with navel myiasis caused by C. hominivorax. When it rained intermittently for four, five and six days in a week during the rainy season, calves had ≈12, 24 and 11 times greater chances, respectively, of having navel myiasis compared to a week without rain during the rainy season. The injectable products did not reach preventive efficacies higher than 35%, while all treatments of topic products reached 100% preventive efficacy at 10 days post-treatment. Only the formulations with 30% dichlorfenthion and 0.32% fipronil achieved 100% curative efficacy. The results reinforce the need for intensified inspection and healing of the umbilicus during the rainy season, mainly during rainier weeks. Furthermore, topical formulations may be a better alternative as a preventive treatment than avermectin formulations. However, the curative efficacy of the topical product containing dichlorvos did not demonstrate a relationship with preventive efficacy for newborn calves.
Assuntos
Dípteros , Miíase , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira , Masculino , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Umbigo , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/prevenção & controle , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/veterinária , Miíase/tratamento farmacológico , Miíase/epidemiologia , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/veterinária , ChuvaRESUMO
Las miasis humanas son ectoparasitosis causadas por larvas de varias especies de moscas que producen distintas formas clínicas, afectan piel, cavidades y heridas. Estas prevalecen en regiones tropicales. Se presenta un caso de miasis foruncular en un hombre de 32 años, turista, infestado en una zona tropical húmeda de la región costera del Pacífico del Ecuador. Acude a consulta con un cuadro clínico de 30 días de evolución, y refiere picadura de insecto que creció hasta formar elevación indurada prurítica, no dolorosa, en piel de flanco izquierdo del abdomen. Al examen físico se observó una lesión foruncular de 3 x 2 cm rodeada de placa eritematosa con el centro abierto observándose un agujero central que descargaba un líquido sero-sanguinolento con movimientos. Por extracción manual se obtuvo una sola larva que por sus características externas se identificó como Dermatobia hominis. El resto del examen físico y exámenes de laboratorio fueron normales. Las actividades turísticas o de trabajo a estas zonas tropicales expone a las personas al riesgo de contraer miasis, por ende, es necesario información y medidas de prevención(AU)
Human myases are ectoparasitic infections caused by larvae of several fly species. They present various clinical manifestations, affecting the skin, cavities and wounds. Myases prevail in tropical regions. A case is presented of furuncular myasis in a male 32-year-old tourist infected in a humid tropical area from the Pacific coastal region of Ecuador. The patient presented with a clinical status of 30 days' evolution, reporting an insect bite that grew to form a painless indurated pruritic nodule on the skin of his left flank of the abdomen. Physical examination found a 3 x 2 cm furuncular lesion surrounded by erythematous plaque and an open center which discharged a serosanguineous fluid with movement. A single larva was obtained by manual extraction, which was identified as Dermatobia hominis based on its external characteristics. The remaining physical examination and laboratory tests were normal. Tourist and work activities in these tropical areas expose people to the risk of contracting myasis. Information and prevention measures are therefore necessary(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Larva , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Zona Tropical , Equador , /métodosRESUMO
Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae cause myiasis in animals and humans. To register a commercial product to control this dipteran is necessary to experiment on animals. The in vitro test was standardized to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of commercial topical products. Five formulations were analysed in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro test, a colony was formed and three replicates (n = 200) of each larval stage (L1, L2 and L3) were treated. The viability of the larvae was evaluated after 5 and 30 min, and at 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 60 and 72 h post-treatment (HPT). For the in vivo test, 30 bovines divided into six groups were castrated to achieve natural infestation with C. hominivorax. Animals in the treated groups received the product. Myiasis and efficacy were evaluated 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 HPT. Four formulations tested in the in vitro test achieved 100% efficacy at 24 HPT. In the in vivo experiment only one achieved 100% efficacy at 24 HPT. However, all products achieved the maximum efficacy by the end of study. The in vitro test developed here could be adopted to evaluate the efficacy of topical products for the control of C. hominivorax larvae.
Assuntos
Calliphoridae , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Controle de Insetos , Inseticidas , Miíase/veterinária , Animais , Calliphoridae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Larva , Miíase/parasitologia , Miíase/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Introducción: La miasis constituye un importante problema de salud pública. En el Ecuador se atribuye su causa con mayor frecuencia a Cochliomyia hominivorax. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y el tratamiento de los pacientes ingresados por miasis en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de la información clínica de 84 pacientes con diagnóstico de miasis, ingresados entre 2011 y 2018. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, edad, número de casos por mes y año, forma de presentación, sintomatología y tiempo de hospitalización, además de factores meteorológicos. La base de datos fue procesada con el software MS Excel 2013. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 6 años (5 meses-14 años); 27,4 por ciento correspondía al sexo masculino y 72,6 por ciento al femenino. Se encontró mayor número de ingresos en la temporada de verano, de julio a diciembre. Se registró miasis cutánea (79,8 por ciento), ótica (17,9 por ciento) y oral (2,3 por ciento). El tiempo de hospitalización general tuvo una mediana de 6 días (1-36 días). Conclusiones: Es necesario realizar actividades encaminadas a la prevención de la enfermedad en la comunidad y la elaboración de adecuados protocolos de manejo en las unidades de salud. El personal de salud debe registrar adecuadamente la información clínica para elaborar información estadística pertinente que lleve a fundamentar la implementación de adecuadas políticas de salud(AU)
Introduction: Myiasis is an important public health problem. In Ecuador its cause is mainly attributed to Cochliomyia hominivorax. Objective: Describe the clinical characteristics and the treatment of patients admitted for myiasis at Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the medical data of 84 patients diagnosed with myiasis admitted from 2011 to 2018. The variables analyzed were sex, age, number of cases per month and year, form of presentation, symptoms, hospital stay duration, and meteorological factors. The database was processed with the software MS Excel 2013. Results: Mean age was 6 years (5 months-14 years); 27.4 percent were male and 72.6 percent were female. The largest number of admissions occurred in the summer season, from July to December. Records were found of cutaneous (79.8 percent), aural (17.9 percent) and oral (2.3 percent) myiasis. Mean hospital stay duration was 6 days (1-36 days). Conclusions: It is necessary to perform activities aimed at preventing the disease in the community as well as develop appropriate management protocols in health facilities. Health care providers should adequately record the clinical data required to develop relevant statistical information leading to the implementation of effective health policies(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Miíase/diagnóstico , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , EquadorRESUMO
Tropical regions receive a significant part of the traveling population. It is very important that health professionals are familiar with the main tropical skin diseases and able to advice patients appropriately. This article reviews the main tropical diseases of travelers, with an emphasis on diagnosis, management, and prevention. Among others, cutaneous larva migrans, myiasis, tungiasis, Chagas disease, Dengue fever, African trypanosomiasis, filariasis, and leishmaniasis are discussed. Increasing awareness among travelers and health care professionals can help reduce morbidity and mortality. Continued research on new drugs and vaccines is needed to reduce the risks of tropical diseases.
Assuntos
Dermatopatias/terapia , Viagem , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Doença de Chagas/terapia , Exantema/diagnóstico , Exantema/prevenção & controle , Exantema/terapia , Humanos , Larva Migrans/diagnóstico , Larva Migrans/prevenção & controle , Larva Migrans/terapia , Leishmaniose/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose/prevenção & controle , Leishmaniose/terapia , Miíase/diagnóstico , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/terapia , Escabiose/diagnóstico , Escabiose/prevenção & controle , Escabiose/terapia , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/prevenção & controle , Tripanossomíase Africana/diagnóstico , Tripanossomíase Africana/prevenção & controle , Tripanossomíase Africana/terapia , Tungíase/diagnóstico , Tungíase/prevenção & controle , Tungíase/terapia , Febre Amarela/diagnóstico , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Febre Amarela/terapiaRESUMO
Introducción: la miasis es una lesión producida por larvas de mosca que infestan animales, de cuyos tejidos se alimentan en forma parasitaria. En nuestro servicio de otorrinolaringología tratamos frecuentemente pacientes con miasis mucocutáneas. El comprender la distribución estacional de esta patología podría ser una herramienta útil para la prevención de la misma. Métodos: Se valoraron las historias clínicas informatizadas del servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Federico Abete de Malvinas Argentinas, entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2015, utilizando como filtro la palabra miasis; de las cuales se analizaron las variables: mes de infestación, sitio anatómico comprometido, la edad, el género y la temperatura al momento de la consulta. Resultados: Se encontraron 27 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 42 años. Quince pacientes masculinos y 12 femeninos. Sitio anatómico comprometido: conducto auditivo externo: 11; traqueostoma: 8; Sitio operatorio: 5; oído medio: 3. Todos fueron diagnosticados en las estaciones más cálidas. Conclusiones: Se observó la aparición de miasis en las estaciones más cálidas. Sería aconsejable tomar mayor cantidad de medidas preventivas durante estas épocas del año, para evitar los casos de infestación larvaria, cuando es posible.
Introduction: Myiasis refers to the damage caused by fly larvaes, which infest animals, including humans, and who feed in form parasitic of their dead or living tissue, causing tissue destruction. In our department of otolaryngology, we often treat patients with mucocutaneous myiasis. Understand the seasonal distribution of this disease could be a useful tool for preventing it. Method: Computerized medical records of Otolaryngology Service of Hospital Municipal Dr. Federico Abete of Malvinas Argentinas were valued, in the period between 2013 and 2015, it was used as a filter the word myiasis. Were found a series of 27 cases with diagnosis of mucocutaneous myiasis; of which were analyzed the variables: month of infestation, involved anatomic site, age and temperature at the time of medical consultation. Results: 27 patients were found. The average age was 42 years. 15 male patients and 12 female patients. Involved anatomic site: external auditory canal: 11; tracheostomy: 8; infestation surgical site: 5; middle ear: 3. All were diagnosed in the warmer seasons. Conclusions: The appearance of myiasis was observed in the warmer seasons. It would be advisable to take as many preventative measures during these times of the year to avoid cases of larval infestation, when possible.
Introdução: Miíase é uma lesão causada por larvas de moscas que infestam animais e dos que se alimentam de forma parasitária de seus tecidos. Em nosso departamento de otorrinolaringología tratamos muitas vezes pacientes com miíase mucocutânea. Compreender a distribuiçãos a zonal destado ença poderia ser uma ferramenta útil para evitar isso. Método: Forama valiados registros médicos computadorizados de Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Municipal Dr. Federico Abete de Malvinas Argentinas, no período entre 2013 e 2015, ele foi usado como filtro a palavra miasis. Foram encontradas uma série de 27 casos com diagnóstico de miíase mucocutânea; dos quais foram analisados as variáveis: mês de infestação, local anatómico en volvidos, idade e sexo dos pacientes; que foram comparados com os dados de temperatura do Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Resultados: 27 pacientes foram encontrados. A idade média foi de 42 anos. 15 pacientes do sexo masculino e 12 do sexo feminino. Local anatômico envolvidos: canal auditivo externo: 11; traqueostomia: 8; infestação de sítio cirúrgico: 5; ouvido médio: 3. Todos foram diagnosticados nas estações mais quentes. Conclusões: O aparecimento de miíases foi observada nas estações mais quentes. Seria aconselhável tomar tantas medidas preventivas durante estas épocas do ano para evitar casos de infestação larval, quando possível.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Miíase/diagnóstico , Miíase/epidemiologia , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Dípteros/parasitologia , Dípteros/patogenicidade , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Hipodermose , Estações do Ano , Zoonoses/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of five strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and three strains of Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) at a concentration of 1×10(8)colony-forming units/ml applied by spraying onto bovines with controlled infestation of Haematobia irritans under stable conditions in the Mexican dry tropics. Four experiments were performed, in each of which three treatments (two fungal strains and one control) were evaluated with eight repetitions for each one, by carrying out a single application of the aqueous suspension of each strain. The animals were isolated in individual cages and direct counts of the infestation were carried out for 13 days. It was observed that strains Ma2, Ma6, Ma10, Ma14, and Ma34 caused 94-100% reduction in infestation between days 12 and 13 post-treatment, while strains Ifr19, Ifr11, and Ifr12 reduced infestation from 90% to 98% up to day 13 post-application. There was an effect in the generation of horn flies from the excrement of bovines that were treated with different strains, reducing the reproduction of subsequent generations. It was concluded that the strains of M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea evaluated in this study can be used as biocontrol agents in infestations of H. irritans in stabled bovines.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Muscidae/microbiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Ascomicetos/classificação , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Clima , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , México , Miíase/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Nosocomial myiasis is an infestation by fly larvae that occurs while a patient is hospitalized. To analyze the available information on nosocomial myiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean, a search was done for cases published in the last 52 years. Nine clinical cases were found for Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Honduras, and Jamaica. Two other publications mention 139 cases in El Salvador and some 32 in Colombia, respectively. The patients and environments described presented conditions that predispose to this type of infestation. Compulsory notification is not usually required for nosocomial myiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean, meaning that there is probably considerable underreporting. Awareness needs to be raised and registry improved of myiasis in the region to aid in adoption of better prevention measures, which will benefit patient care during hospitalization.
Assuntos
Miíase/epidemiologia , Animais , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Países em Desenvolvimento , Dípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saúde Global , Arquitetura Hospitalar , Humanos , Larva , América Latina/epidemiologia , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/transmissão , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Las miasis nosocomiales son infestaciones por larvas de mosca que se producen después de la hospitalización del paciente. Para analizar la información disponible sobre miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe, se realizó una búsqueda de casos publicados en los últimos 52 años. Se encontraron nueve casos clínicos en Brasil, Costa Rica, Guayana Francesa, Honduras y Jamaica. También existen dos publicaciones con datos agregados que mencionan 139 casos en El Salvador y alrededor de 32 en Colombia. Los pacientes y el entorno descritos en los casos presentaron condiciones que predisponen a este tipo de infestaciones. Las miasis nosocomiales en América Latina y el Caribe no suelen ser de declaración obligatoria, por lo que es probable que exista un importante subregistro. Es necesario crear conciencia y mejorar el registro de estas miasis en la región para tomar las medidas más adecuadas de prevención, que beneficien el cuidado del paciente durante su hospitalización.
Nosocomial myiasis is an infestation by fly larvae that occurs while a patient is hospitalized. To analyze the available information on nosocomial m yiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean, a search was done for cases published in the last 52 years. Nine clinical cases were found for Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Honduras, and Jamaica. Two other publications mention 139 cases in El Salvador and some 32 in Colombia, respectively. The patients and environments described presented conditions that predispose to this type of infestation. Compulsory notification is not usually required for nosocomial myiasis in Latin America and the Caribbean, meaning that there is probably considerable underreporting. Awareness needs to be raised and registry improved of myiasis in the region to aid in adoption of better prevention measures, which will benefit patient care during hospitalization.
Assuntos
Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/transmissão , América LatinaRESUMO
Introducción: el Ministerio de Salud Pública de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador, ha utilizado, hasta la fecha, temefos (abate) como principal medida química para el control larval de Aedes aegypti, principal vector del dengue en este país.Objetivos: determinar la resistencia a temefos y sus mecanismos bioquímicos en dos cepas Aedes aegypti de Ecuador, así como determinar la eficacia del regulador de crecimiento, pyriproxifeno, como posible alternativa para su control.Métodos: en larvas de Aedes aegypti provenientes de dos localidades (Pascuales y Guayacanes), de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador, se evaluó la resistencia al insecticida oganofosforado temefos y la eficacia del pyriproxifeno mediante metodologías recomendadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los mecanismos de resistencia metabólicos se determinaron a través de ensayos bioquímicos y electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida.Resultados: las larvas de la cepa Pascuales resultaron con moderado nivel de resistencia a temefos y Guayacanes resultó susceptible. A través de ensayos bioquímicos y electroforesis se demostró que el mecanismo de resistencia de acción metabólica, basado en una incrementada actividad de la esterasa-A4, resultó ser responsable de la resistencia detectada a temefos. Las dosis de pyriproxifeno que causaron 50 por ciento de inhibición de la emergencia (IE50) y 95 por ciento (IE95), resultaron muy similares entre las cepas de Ecuador y la cepa de referencia susceptible a insecticidas, Rockefeller.Conclusiones: se demostró que el mecanismo de esterasas, responsable de la resistencia a temefos, está presente en Aedes aegypti de Guayaquil, Ecuador, de ahí la necesidad de monitorear este fenómeno en diferentes regiones del país. El regulador de crecimiento pyriproxifeno resultó muy eficaz, y esto lo convierte en una alternativa a evaluar para el control de poblaciones de Aedes aegypti en Ecuador.
Introduction: the Ministry of Public Health in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, has so far used temephos (abate) as the main chemical measure for larval control of Aedes aegypti, the fundamental dengue vector in the country. Objectives: determine temephos resistance and its biochemical mechanisms in two strains of Aedes aegypti in Ecuador, and determine the efficacy of the growth regulator pyriproxyfen as a possible control alternative. Methods: resistance to organophosphorus insecticide temephos and the efficacy of pyriproxyfen were evaluated in Aedes aegypti larvae from two areas (Pascuales and Guayacanes) in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, by means of methodologies recommended by the World Health Organization. Metabolic resistance mechanisms were determined by biochemical assays and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: larvae from the Pascuales strain showed moderate resistance to temephos, whereas those from the Guayacanes strain were found to be susceptible. Biochemical assays and electrophoresis revealed that the resistance mechanism of metabolic action, based on increased esterase-A4 activity, was responsible for the temephos resistance observed. The doses of pyriproxyfen causing 50 percent emergence inhibition (EI50) and 95 percent (EI95) were very similar between strains from Ecuador and the reference insecticide susceptible strain Rockefeller. Conclusions: it was found that the esterase mechanism, responsible for temephos resistance, is present in Aedes aegypti from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Hence the need to monitor this phenomenon in different regions of the country. The growth regulator pyriproxyfen proved to be very effective, which turns it into an alternative to evaluate for the control of Aedes aegypti populations in Ecuador.
Assuntos
Aedes/virologia , Densovirinae/química , Hormônios Juvenis/uso terapêutico , Inseticidas Organofosforados/prevenção & controle , Miíase/prevenção & controle , TemefósRESUMO
A ocorrência de miíases cutâneas foi verificada em 10 diferentes criatórios de ovinos no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante o período de um ano, onde foram analisados os fatores relacionados a essas parasitoses. Os rebanhos possuíam predominantemente animais mestiços Santa Inês, criados em sistemas semiextensivo. Foram registrados 50 casos e a maior incidência foi observada nos meses de março (22%) e abril (18%), períodos de maiores temperaturas e umidade relativa do ar. As patas foram as regiões mais frequentemente acometidas (34% dos casos). As lesões por pododermatites (38% dos casos), onfaloflebites (10%), linfadenite (6%) e dermatobiose (6%) foram os fatores mais frequentemente relacionados às miíases. As taxas de ocorrência não diferiram quanto ao sexo e idade dos animais. Foi constatado que a maioria dos proprietários não realizava o tratamento das miíases de forma correta, sendo que após a implantação de uma terapia preconizada nesta pesquisa, 92% das lesões apresentaram cura entre sete e trinta dias. Os resultados apontam a importância de estratégias para prevenção baseadas nos fatores relacionados neste estudo. A inspeção constante dos ovinos, identificando-se os ferimentos e tratando-se as lesões precocemente, devem constituir práticas rotineiras, principalmente no período chuvoso e quando estão presentes nas patas dos animais.
Cutaneous myiasis was investigated in 10 sheep herds during one year in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, and factors related to its occurrence were analyzed. The sheep were predominantly hybrid Saint Inês, bred in semi-extensive systems. A total of 50 cases were registered and the highest incidence occurred during March (22%) and April (18%), months with high temperatures and high relative humidity of the air. There was no influence of sex and age for the occurrence of myiasis. The lesions were mostly found on the legs (34% of the cases). Pododermatitis (38% of the cases), omphalophlebitis (10%), lymphadenitis (6%) and dermatobiosis (6%) were the predisposing factors more frequently associated with myiasis. The myiasis was not correctly treated by the owners, but after implantation of a correct therapy, 92% of the lesions presented cure within 7 to 30 days. The results show the importance of preventive strategies based on the predisposing factors identified in this study. The constant inspection, identifying wounds and precociously treating the lesions, should be routine especially at the end of rainy season and when predisposing factors are present.
Assuntos
Animais , Causalidade , Dípteros/parasitologia , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/veterinária , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/veterinária , Ovinos/parasitologia , Estações do Ano , Pododermatite Necrótica dos Ovinos , Hipodermose/veterinária , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Linfadenite/parasitologia , Umbigo/parasitologiaRESUMO
A ocorrência de miíases cutâneas foi verificada em 10 diferentes criatórios de ovinos no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, durante o período de um ano, onde foram analisados os fatores relacionados a essas parasitoses. Os rebanhos possuíam predominantemente animais mestiços Santa Inês, criados em sistemas semiextensivo. Foram registrados 50 casos e a maior incidência foi observada nos meses de março (22%) e abril (18%), períodos de maiores temperaturas e umidade relativa do ar. As patas foram as regiões mais frequentemente acometidas (34% dos casos). As lesões por pododermatites (38% dos casos), onfaloflebites (10%), linfadenite (6%) e dermatobiose (6%) foram os fatores mais frequentemente relacionados às miíases. As taxas de ocorrência não diferiram quanto ao sexo e idade dos animais. Foi constatado que a maioria dos proprietários não realizava o tratamento das miíases de forma correta, sendo que após a implantação de uma terapia preconizada nesta pesquisa, 92% das lesões apresentaram cura entre sete e trinta dias. Os resultados apontam a importância de estratégias para prevenção baseadas nos fatores relacionados neste estudo. A inspeção constante dos ovinos, identificando-se os ferimentos e tratando-se as lesões precocemente, devem constituir práticas rotineiras, principalmente no período chuvoso e quando estão presentes nas patas dos animais.(AU)
Cutaneous myiasis was investigated in 10 sheep herds during one year in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, and factors related to its occurrence were analyzed. The sheep were predominantly hybrid Saint Inês, bred in semi-extensive systems. A total of 50 cases were registered and the highest incidence occurred during March (22%) and April (18%), months with high temperatures and high relative humidity of the air. There was no influence of sex and age for the occurrence of myiasis. The lesions were mostly found on the legs (34% of the cases). Pododermatitis (38% of the cases), omphalophlebitis (10%), lymphadenitis (6%) and dermatobiosis (6%) were the predisposing factors more frequently associated with myiasis. The myiasis was not correctly treated by the owners, but after implantation of a correct therapy, 92% of the lesions presented cure within 7 to 30 days. The results show the importance of preventive strategies based on the predisposing factors identified in this study. The constant inspection, identifying wounds and precociously treating the lesions, should be routine especially at the end of rainy season and when predisposing factors are present.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/parasitologia , Dípteros/parasitologia , Miíase/veterinária , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/veterinária , Estações do Ano , Causalidade , Pododermatite Necrótica dos Ovinos , Linfadenite/parasitologia , Umbigo/parasitologia , Hipodermose/veterinária , Ivermectina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
La miasis o myasis es la parasitación de los tejidos del hombre y animal por larvas de moscas, Estas larvas localizadas en los tejidos, producen cuadros clínicos de intensidad variable en el hombre y grandes pérdidas económicas por daño a los animales, principalmente el ganado. Se han descrito casos en todo el mundo pero son frecuentes en regiones tropicales y subtropicales; influyen una serie de factores como úlcera y herida expuesta, alcoholismo, ingesta de alimentos contaminados, condiciones higiénicos- sanitaria deficiente, entre otros. Cinco de las 16 familias de moscas, tienen importancia médica. Se clasifica en primarias u obligatorias, secundaria o facultativas y accidentales. Las miasis se pueden localizar a nivel cutáneo, en cavidades y también en heridas o traumatismos. El diagnóstico se basa en los antecedentes del paciente, el hallazgo de los ejemplares e identificación de larvas, produciendo alguna especie mayor acción destructivo que otras sobre los tejidos. La ecografia y otras pruebas laboratoriales son herramientas indispensables que permiten hacer un diagnostico correcto. El tratamiento consiste en la remoción de larvas siendo necesaria para la extracción manual la aplicación de sustancias tópicas que induzcan la salida de las larvas desde los tejidos y cavidades. Un tratamiento efectivo para la miasis, consiste en la administración de ivermectina, un agente antiparasitario de amplio aspectro vermicida y ectoparasiticida, que resulta económico y eficaz en el tratamiento. Los objetivos de la presente revisión bibliográfica, se centran en describir las localizaciones frecuentes de larvas de miasis, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial de otras afecciones semejantes, destacar la importancia del tratamiento adecuado y tomar conciencia de las medidas dirigidas a la eliminación y control de moscas. El propósito consiste es destacar la importancia de esta patologìa como un problema de salud pública.
Assuntos
Humanos , Microbiologia , Miíase , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/terapia , OdontologiaAssuntos
Dípteros , Miíase/epidemiologia , Viagem , África , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Larva , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/terapia , Nova Zelândia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Autocuidado , América do SulRESUMO
The geographical distribution and seasonality of the New World screwworm (NWS), Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were monitored through the use of sentinel animals as part of a co-ordinated programme involving veterinarians and farmers, as well as undergraduate students and teachers from veterinary colleges in Venezuela. This surveillance activity made it possible to collect NWS egg masses or larvae from all 23 states in the country and to determine that the rainy season has a strong positive influence on the number of cases of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax in dogs. In addition, efforts were made to obtain the co-operation of the public health service in order to document the extent of human myiasis in the western-central region of Venezuela. Preliminary results revealed 241 cases over a 7-year period, with cases reported in infants as well as in elderly people. Larvae causing myiasis, other than C. hominivorax, were collected from primary myiasis in rabbit (Lucilia eximia [Wiedemann]), dog (an unidentified sarcophagid species), birds (Philornis sp.) and wild mice (Cuterebra sp.). The economic impact of NWS in Venezuela has not been calculated in terms of loss of milk and meat production, damage to hides or death of animals. Control costs (e.g. cost of larvicides) have been estimated at US$ 2 m per year. Control of myiasis in animals is achieved through the use of chemical compounds, mainly organophosphorus (OP) compounds, macrocyclic lactones and, more recently, a foamy spray based on spinosad. Concerns about insecticide resistance to OP compounds have been raised.
Assuntos
Dípteros/patogenicidade , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/veterinária , Idoso , Animais , Animais Domésticos/parasitologia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Geografia , Humanos , Lactente , Inseticidas/economia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Carne/parasitologia , Leite/parasitologia , Miíase/economia , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/veterinária , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/economia , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/epidemiologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The species of microhimenopterous in pupae of Diptera present in buffalo dung, collected in the municipality of Itumbiara, GO, from May 2003 to June 2004 were determined. The dipterous pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the dipterous and/or their parasitoids. The overall percentage of parasitism was 5.0 percent. The more frequent species were: Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with 21.5 percent and Paraganaspis egeria Díaz & Gallardo (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) with 16.3 percent(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/veterinária , Fezes/parasitologia , Búfalos/parasitologiaRESUMO
The species of microhimenopterous in pupae of Diptera present in buffalo dung, collected in the municipality of Itumbiara, GO, from May 2003 to June 2004 were determined. The dipterous pupae were obtained by the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of the dipterous and/or their parasitoids. The overall percentage of parasitism was 5.0 percent. The more frequent species were: Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with 21.5 percent and Paraganaspis egeria Díaz & Gallardo (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) with 16.3 percent
Assuntos
Animais , Búfalos/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Miíase/veterináriaRESUMO
Larval midgut proteins of hematophagous parasites contain strong antigens that can be used for host immunization. This concept has been applied for immunization of Pelibuey sheep against Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera: Oestridae). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of immunization on larval establishment (LE) and development. Immunized lambs (I, n = 6) received two injections of crude gut membrane protein extracts (GMPE) from third instar larvae with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) on days 0 (Day of first immunization) and 21 (0.4 and 0.45 mg GMPE/lamb, respectively). The control group (C, n = 5) received physiological saline with FIA. Lambs were challenged with first instars on Day 29 (20 larvae) and Day 43 (25 larvae). Blood samples were collected biweekly and IgG titers were analyzed by ELISA. All lambs were slaughtered on Day 90 and number of larvae recovered, larval stage and larval weight were recorded at necropsy. No significant effect of immunization on LE (C = 28.9%; I = 31.0% P > 0.05) was observed. Antibody titers were higher in the immunized group on Day 28 (P < 0.05), but subsequently similar in both groups. Larval physiological age and weight were also significantly (P < 0.05) affected by immunization. Immunization of Pelibuey lambs with GMPE did not affect LE but did delay O. ovis larval development.
Assuntos
Dípteros , Imunização/veterinária , Miíase/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Animais , Dípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dípteros/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Adjuvante de Freund , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/imunologia , Peso Molecular , Miíase/prevenção & controle , OvinosRESUMO
A field trial was carried out during a summer-fall period on a commercial beef cattle farm in Minas Gerais State, located in the Southeast of Brazil. In order to evaluate the prophylactic effect and the curative efficacy of fipronil in a 1% solution, 200 Zebu crossbred bulls, with ages varying from 20 to 30 months and weights from 233 to 362 kg, were selected. The bulls were assigned by ranked pair to an untreated control group (A) or to a treated group (B), resulting in 100 animals per group. All experimental animals were surgically castrated on day 0, following routine procedures. After castration all animals in the group B were treated with 10 mg/kg bw of a 1% fipronil solution, topically on the dorsal mid-line. The wounds were individually inspected on days: 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28 and 35. After castration the animals were naturally exposed to Cochliomyia hominivorax and remained in the same pasture throughout the trial. Among the animals in the control group, 83 were observed to harbor C. hominivorax eggs, with a total of 97 ovipositions, and among those 73 animals had active myiasis. In group B (fipronil 1%), 66 animals showed C. hominivorax eggs, with 92 ovipositions and five animals with active myiasis. Most ovipositions and active myiasis were detected until seven days post-castration for both groups. Wound parasite infestation evidenced bleeding, serous purulent exudation and presence of active C. hominivorax larvae. Treatment with fipronil 1% had a prophylactic effect on scrotal wounds against the development of C. hominivorax larvae in more than 95% of the treated animals for up to 17 days after castration. The treatment showed partial protection of 66% and 50% on days 21 and 28 post-treatment (pt), respectively. Three animals from the control group and one from the treated group showed active screwworms on day 21 pt, and one animal from the treated group and two from the control group also presented C. hominivorax larvae on scrotal wounds on day 28 pt. By the end of the observation period (day 35 pt), the castration wound had healed in all animals. All experimental animals presenting scrotal wounds infested with C. hominivorax larvae were treated with a 1% pour-on formulation of fipronil, on the same day that infestation was observed. Active C. hominivorax larvae were not seen during the monitoring period immediately after treatment. The curative efficacy of fipronil 1% against C. hominivorax larvae infestation in castration wounds was 100%.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Dípteros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Miíase/veterinária , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/veterinária , Administração Tópica , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Dípteros/metabolismo , Masculino , Miíase/tratamento farmacológico , Miíase/parasitologia , Miíase/prevenção & controle , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/parasitologia , Infecção por Mosca da Bicheira/prevenção & controle , Escroto/parasitologia , Escroto/cirurgia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A erradicação da bicheira, Cochliomyia hominivorax dos EUA, da América Central e do Norte da Africa tornou-se uma realidade criando e liberando machos estéreis. Por que nos não decidimos também erradicar este inseto da América do Sul? Antes de tomar uma atitude corajosa, nós discutiremos neste trabalho as razões científicas, ecológicas e econômicas. O berne, Dermatobia hominis não tem sido erradicado de nenhum pais, devido a que não dispomos de técnicas para sua criação massal em dietas artificiais. Estão faltando também estudos sobre a dispersão, comportamento sexual e sítios de agregação dos adultos no campo. Devido a que as miíases continuarão sendo controladas basicamente com inseticidas, recomendações para manejar a resistência aos inseticidas e estudos sobre métodos alternativos são discutidos visando um Manejo Integrado do berne e da bicheira com fundamentos ecológicos. (AU)