RESUMO
Os coxins podem ser definidos como a porção mais resistente da pele de cães e gatos, e possuem as funções de sustentação do peso do animal, e a proteção contra as forças de tração e de atrito. As cirurgias que objetivam a reconstrução dos coxins são alternativas viáveis à amputação do membro em diversas situações clínicas. Dentre as opções cirúrgicas, destaca-se a transposição dos coxins. Entretanto, quando se faz necessária a amputação dos dígitos, o encurtamento do membro pode comprometer a deambulação. Uma alternativa neste sentido é a associação à órteses. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o caso de um cão da raça pitbull, fêmea, com quatro anos de idade e histórico de gangrena úmida da extremidade do membro pélvico esquerdo, submetida à amputação dos dígitos e transposição dos coxins. Durante o período pós-operatório foi desenvolvida uma órtese articulada caseira a fim de facilitar a sustentação do peso e auxiliar na deambulação do animal. A paciente se adaptou ao dispositivo ortopédico e foi acompanhado até a completa reepitelização do membro residual aos 30 dias de pós-operatório. Desta forma, conclui-se que a transposição dos coxins associada à órtese articulada pode ser uma opção viável à amputação do membro pélvico em cães de grande porte.
The digital pad can be defined as the most resistant area of the skin of the dogs and cats, which functions includes animal weight support and protection against to tractive and frictional forces. The reconstructive surgeries of the digital pad are viable alternatives to the limb amputation in many clinical situations. Among the surgical options, the transposition of the digital pad is highlighted. However, when amputation of the digits is necessary, shortening of the limb can compromise ambulation. An alternative to this, it is the use of orthoses. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a four-years-old female pit bull with clinical history of wet gangrene of left pelvic limb, submitted to transposition of digital pad, obtained from the contralateral hindlimb. An articulate orthosis was projected at postoperative period in order to facilitate weight support and assist the patient ambulation. The patient has adapted itself to the new orthopedic device, and was constantly monitored until complete reepithelialization of the residual limb at 30 days of postoperative. Thus, it can be concluded that the transposition of digital pad associated to the articulate orthosis can be a viable option to the limb amputation in large breed dogs.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Aparelhos Ortopédicos/veterinária , Epitélio , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/lesões , Transplante Ósseo/veterinária , Amputação Cirúrgica , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/veterináriaRESUMO
Os coxins podem ser definidos como a porção mais resistente da pele de cães e gatos, e possuem as funções de sustentação do peso do animal, e a proteção contra as forças de tração e de atrito. As cirurgias que objetivam a reconstrução dos coxins são alternativas viáveis à amputação do membro em diversas situações clínicas. Dentre as opções cirúrgicas, destaca-se a transposição dos coxins. Entretanto, quando se faz necessária a amputação dos dígitos, o encurtamento do membro pode comprometer a deambulação. Uma alternativa neste sentido é a associação à órteses. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever o caso de um cão da raça pitbull, fêmea, com quatro anos de idade e histórico de gangrena úmida da extremidade do membro pélvico esquerdo, submetida à amputação dos dígitos e transposição dos coxins. Durante o período pós-operatório foi desenvolvida uma órtese articulada caseira a fim de facilitar a sustentação do peso e auxiliar na deambulação do animal. A paciente se adaptou ao dispositivo ortopédico e foi acompanhado até a completa reepitelização do membro residual aos 30 dias de pós-operatório. Desta forma, conclui-se que a transposição dos coxins associada à órtese articulada pode ser uma opção viável à amputação do membro pélvico em cães de grande porte.(AU)
The digital pad can be defined as the most resistant area of the skin of the dogs and cats, which functions includes animal weight support and protection against to tractive and frictional forces. The reconstructive surgeries of the digital pad are viable alternatives to the limb amputation in many clinical situations. Among the surgical options, the transposition of the digital pad is highlighted. However, when amputation of the digits is necessary, shortening of the limb can compromise ambulation. An alternative to this, it is the use of orthoses. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a four-years-old female pit bull with clinical history of wet gangrene of left pelvic limb, submitted to transposition of digital pad, obtained from the contralateral hindlimb. An articulate orthosis was projected at postoperative period in order to facilitate weight support and assist the patient ambulation. The patient has adapted itself to the new orthopedic device, and was constantly monitored until complete reepithelialization of the residual limb at 30 days of postoperative. Thus, it can be concluded that the transposition of digital pad associated to the articulate orthosis can be a viable option to the limb amputation in large breed dogs.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Membro Anterior/lesões , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Transplante Ósseo/veterinária , Aparelhos Ortopédicos/veterinária , Epitélio , Amputação Cirúrgica , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/veterináriaRESUMO
Sensory information is processed in specific brain regions, and shared between the cerebral hemispheres by axons that cross the midline through the corpus callosum. However, sensory deprivation usually causes sensory losses and/or functional changes. This is the case of people who suffered limb amputation and show changes of body map organization within the somatosensory cortex (S1) of the deafferented cerebral hemisphere (contralateral to the amputated limb), as well as in the afferented hemisphere (ipsilateral to the amputated limb). Although several studies have approached these functional changes, the possible finer morphological alterations, such as those occurring in callosal axons, still remain unknown. The present work combined histochemistry, single-axon tracing and 3D microscopy to analyze the fine morphological changes that occur in callosal axons of the forepaw representation in early amputated rats. We showed that the forepaw representation in S1 was reduced in the deafferented hemisphere and expanded in the afferented side. Accordingly, after amputation, callosal axons originating from the deafferented cortex undergo an expansion of their terminal arbors with increased number of terminal boutons within the homotopic representation at the afferented cerebral hemisphere. Similar microscale structural changes may underpin the macroscale morphological and functional phenomena that characterize limb amputation in humans.
Assuntos
Amputação Traumática/fisiopatologia , Axônios/fisiologia , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Plasticidade Neuronal , Terminações Pré-Sinápticas/fisiologia , Córtex Somatossensorial/fisiopatologia , Amputação Traumática/patologia , Animais , Axônios/patologia , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Masculino , Técnicas de Rastreamento Neuroanatômico , Terminações Pré-Sinápticas/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Córtex Somatossensorial/patologiaRESUMO
Background: Humeral fractures account for 13% of all fractures in cats and commonly affect the middle diaphysis and supracondylar region with comminution. They are usually the result of high energy traumas such as falls, car accidents and firearm injuries. There are few treatment options for these types of fractures and since they are joint injuries, early surgical repair is mandatory to achieve perfect anatomical reduction, to maintain joint congruence and to allow early weight bearing. Our purpose is to report four subacute and chronic fractures of the distal diaphysis associated with comminuted supra and intercondylar fractures, stabilized with transarticular external skeletal fixator in three domestic felines. Cases: (1)- A 3-year-old male docile Siamese cat with 3.7 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 14-day history of high rise syndrome after falling from a 12-meter high. It presented distal comminuted humeral fracture that involved the inter and supracondylar regions. It also had right carpal-ulnar subluxation and comminuted right olecranon fracture involving the articular surface in the left thoracic limb. Fracture and joint stabilization was achieved by use of a transarticular hybrid external skeletal fixator on the right front limb. Fracture healing was observed at 150 days postoperatively. (2)- A 10-year-old female aggressive mixed breed cat with 4.1 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 16-day history of high rise syndrome after falling from a 9-meter high. The cat had a comminuted right humeral articular fracture with supra and intercondylar involvement and scapular fracture on the contralateral limb. The humerus fracture was treated with a transarticular linear external skeletal fixator and fracture healing was obtained at 240 postoperative days [ ](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Fraturas Cominutivas/veterinária , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/veterinária , Fixadores Externos/veterinária , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Artrodese/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Humeral fractures account for 13% of all fractures in cats and commonly affect the middle diaphysis and supracondylar region with comminution. They are usually the result of high energy traumas such as falls, car accidents and firearm injuries. There are few treatment options for these types of fractures and since they are joint injuries, early surgical repair is mandatory to achieve perfect anatomical reduction, to maintain joint congruence and to allow early weight bearing. Our purpose is to report four subacute and chronic fractures of the distal diaphysis associated with comminuted supra and intercondylar fractures, stabilized with transarticular external skeletal fixator in three domestic felines. Cases: (1)- A 3-year-old male docile Siamese cat with 3.7 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 14-day history of high rise syndrome after falling from a 12-meter high. It presented distal comminuted humeral fracture that involved the inter and supracondylar regions. It also had right carpal-ulnar subluxation and comminuted right olecranon fracture involving the articular surface in the left thoracic limb. Fracture and joint stabilization was achieved by use of a transarticular hybrid external skeletal fixator on the right front limb. Fracture healing was observed at 150 days postoperatively. (2)- A 10-year-old female aggressive mixed breed cat with 4.1 kg of body weight was presented for consultation with a 16-day history of high rise syndrome after falling from a 9-meter high. The cat had a comminuted right humeral articular fracture with supra and intercondylar involvement and scapular fracture on the contralateral limb. The humerus fracture was treated with a transarticular linear external skeletal fixator and fracture healing was obtained at 240 postoperative days [ ]
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Fixadores Externos/veterinária , Fraturas Cominutivas/veterinária , Fraturas do Úmero/cirurgia , Fraturas do Úmero/veterinária , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Artrodese/veterinária , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterináriaRESUMO
La reconstrucción de la región periolécranon es compleja, ya que requiere tejidos que tengan suficiente elasticidad y resistencia y que permitan una rápida recuperación. Cuando la etiología es tumoral, se debe tener en cuenta la exéresis completa de la lesión, la conservación de la funcionalidad del miembro y el aspecto estético, respetando ese orden. Presentamos la evolución de una paciente con un sarcoma de partes blandas en la región del codo que, tras su extirpación en bloque, se reconstruyó con un colgajo pediculado braquial lateral de flujo inverso, y que posteriormente, para mejorar su aspecto estético, se realizó lipoaspiración del colgajo y relleno graso de la zona dadora
The reconstruction of the peri-olecranon region is complex, requiring tissues with enough elasticity and strength, to ensure a rapid recovery. When the etiology is tumoral, complete excision of the lesion, the mobility of the limb, and the aesthetics should be taken into account, in that order. We present the evolution of a patient with soft tissue sarcoma in the elbow region, which was removed, and the elbow was reconstructed with a lateral brachial pedicle flap withreverse flow. Afterwards, to improve their aesthetic appearance, liposuction of the flap was performed, filling the donor site with fat.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Sarcoma/patologia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/transplante , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Técnicas Cosméticas , Olécrano/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To (1) evaluate thoracic limb loads and symmetry, and elbow function and morphology, before and after arthroscopic treatment of unilateral medial coronoid process disease (MCPD), and (2) determine if functional variables correlate with morphologic findings. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 14) with thoracic limb lameness. METHODS: Dogs were included when unilateral MCPD was confirmed as the cause of lameness. Kinetic analysis of both thoracic limbs, along with kinematic analysis and goniometry of both elbows were carried out before, and 60, 120, and 180 days after partial coronoidectomy by arthroscopy. Radiography and computed tomography of both elbows were performed before and 180 days after arthroscopy. RESULTS: A nonsignificant (P = .11) increase in the peak vertical loads (PFz), and a significant (P = .022) increase in the vertical impulse (iFz) applied by the affected limb were seen. Symmetry indices improved, with significant differences between sessions (PFz: P = .019; iFz: P = .003). Kinematic variables showed no significant differences, between sessions or when comparing both elbows within sessions. Goniometry revealed no significant differences between sessions, but some significant differences were identified when comparing both elbows within sessions. Osteophytosis and degree of lameness showed no correlation, before (rs = -0.077; P = .79) or after arthroscopy (rs = 0.27; P = .35). CONCLUSIONS: Kinetic variables improved after arthroscopy, without full restoration of function. Kinematic variables did not change significantly. Osteoarthritis and goniometric measurements in the affected joint worsened. Functional variables did not correlate with morphologic findings.
Assuntos
Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Artropatias/veterinária , Animais , Artroscopia/veterinária , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/cirurgia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Feminino , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Marcha , Artropatias/cirurgia , Coxeadura Animal , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterináriaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the minimum volume of methylene blue (MB) to completely color the brachial plexus (BP) nerves, simulating an effective anesthetic block in cats. METHODS: Fifteen adult male cat cadavers were injected through subscapular approach with volumes of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ml in both forelimbs, for a total of 30 brachial plexus blocks (BPB). After infusions, the specimens were carefully dissected preserving each nervous branch. The measurement of the effective area was indicated by the impregnation of MB. Nerves were divided into four segments from the origin at the spinal level until the insertion into the thoracic limb muscles. The blocks were considered effective only when all the nerves were strongly or totally colored. RESULTS: Volumes of 2, 3 and 4 ml were considered insufficient suggesting a failed block, however, volumes of 5 and 6 ml were associated with a successful block. CONCLUSIONS: The injection of methylene blue, in a volume of 6 ml, completely colored the brachial plexus. At volumes of 5 and 6 ml the brachial plexus blocks were considered a successful regional block, however, volumes of 2, 3 and 4 ml were considered a failed regional block.
Assuntos
Anestesia Local/veterinária , Plexo Braquial/efeitos dos fármacos , Corantes/administração & dosagem , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Azul de Metileno/administração & dosagem , Técnicas de Rastreamento Neuroanatômico/métodos , Ombro/cirurgia , Anestesia Local/métodos , Animais , Plexo Braquial/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Gatos , Dissecação , Membro Anterior/inervação , Masculino , Ilustração Médica , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ombro/inervaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the minimum volume of methylene blue (MB) to completely color the brachial plexus (BP) nerves, simulating an effective anesthetic block in cats. METHODS: Fifteen adult male cat cadavers were injected through subscapular approach with volumes of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ml in both forelimbs, for a total of 30 brachial plexus blocks (BPB). After infusions, the specimens were carefully dissected preserving each nervous branch. The measurement of the effective area was indicated by the impregnation of MB. Nerves were divided into four segments from the origin at the spinal level until the insertion into the thoracic limb muscles. The blocks were considered effective only when all the nerves were strongly or totally colored. RESULTS: Volumes of 2, 3 and 4 ml were considered insufficient suggesting a failed block, however, volumes of 5 and 6 ml were associated with a successful block. CONCLUSIONS: The injection of methylene blue, in a volume of 6 ml, completely colored the brachial plexus. At volumes of 5 and 6 ml the brachial plexus blocks were considered a successful regional block, however, volumes of 2, 3 and 4 ml were considered a failed regional block. .
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Masculino , Anestesia Local/veterinária , Plexo Braquial/efeitos dos fármacos , Corantes/administração & dosagem , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Azul de Metileno/administração & dosagem , Técnicas de Rastreamento Neuroanatômico/métodos , Ombro/cirurgia , Anestesia Local/métodos , Plexo Braquial/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Dissecação , Membro Anterior/inervação , Ilustração Médica , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ombro/inervaçãoRESUMO
Axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) have the ability to regenerate amputated limbs throughout their life span. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate how axolotls can specify limb type correctly during the regeneration process. We misexpressed Tbx5 in regenerating hindlimb blastema, and consequently a forelimb-like hindlimb regenerated from the hindlimb blastema. On the other hand, no change was observed in Tbx5-overexpressing forelimb blastema, and thus we considered that Tbx5 plays a key role in the specification of forelimb during the regeneration process of axolotl limbs. However, axolotls' fore- and hindlimbs have very similar structures except for the number of fingers, and it was very difficult to judge whether the forelimb-like regenerate was a true forelimb or merely a forelimb-like hindlimb. Therefore, in order to confirm our conclusion, we have to investigate other genes that are expressed differentially between fore- and hindlimbs in future experiments.
Assuntos
Ambystoma mexicanum/metabolismo , Membro Posterior/fisiologia , Regeneração/fisiologia , Proteínas com Domínio T/metabolismo , Amputação Cirúrgica , Animais , Membro Anterior/fisiologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Membro Posterior/cirurgiaRESUMO
In spite of numerous investigations of regenerating salamander limbs, little attention has been paid to the details of how joints are reformed. An understanding of the process and mechanisms of joint regeneration in this model system for tetrapod limb regeneration would provide insights into developing novel therapies for inducing joint regeneration in humans. To this end, we have used the axolotl (Mexican Salamander) model of limb regeneration to describe the morphology and the expression patterns of marker genes during joint regeneration in response to limb amputation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanisms of joint formation whether it be development or regeneration are conserved. We also have determined that defects in the epiphyseal region of both forelimbs and hind limbs in the axolotl are regenerated only when the defect is small. As is the case with defects in the diaphysis, there is a critical size above which the endogenous regenerative response is not sufficient to regenerate the joint. This non-regenerative response in an animal that has the ability to regenerate perfectly provides the opportunity to screen for the signaling pathways to induce regeneration of articular cartilage and joints.
Assuntos
Ambystoma mexicanum/fisiologia , Cartilagem Articular/fisiologia , Membro Anterior/fisiologia , Membro Posterior/fisiologia , Articulações/fisiologia , Regeneração/fisiologia , Agrecanas/genética , Agrecanas/metabolismo , Ambystoma mexicanum/anatomia & histologia , Amputação Cirúrgica , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cartilagem Articular/anatomia & histologia , Clonagem Molecular , Colágeno Tipo II/genética , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS) , Membro Anterior/anatomia & histologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Expressão Gênica , Hematoxilina , Membro Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Membro Posterior/cirurgia , Histocitoquímica , Receptores de Hialuronatos/genética , Receptores de Hialuronatos/metabolismo , Articulações/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
This study compared 3 composites made of hydroxyapatite and polyhydroxybutyrate to determine their biocompatibility, osteointegration, and osteoconduction in rabbits bone defects. Hydroxyapatite-polyhydroxybutyrate was tested in a 10:90 vol/vol ratio for composite 1, 25:75 for composite 2, and 50:50 for composite 3, whereas defects in the control group remained unfilled. Limbs were clinically and radiographically evaluated, and samples were taken 8, 45, and 90 days after surgery for histologic and histomorphometrical analysis. No significant difference was found in the clinical parameters: pain, lameness, dehiscence, infection, and edema among the 4 groups. No signs of osteolysis or periosteal reaction were observed. Bone regeneration in groups 1, 2, and 3 occurred histomorphologically similar to the control group. No inflammatory infiltrate was present on any date of observation. More bone than connective tissue was significantly found in the defects of the 3 groups on all observation dates, and the percentage of bone tissue in the interface was similar for composites 2 and 3. Bone and connective tissue were observed in pores of composites 2 and 3. Osteoclasts were found in the bone-composite interface, and multinucleated giant cells were seen on the surface of composite fragments, found among mesenchymal tissue on the 45th and 90th days. No significant difference was observed in osteoclast number among the 4 groups. In summary, composites were considered biocompatible and able to integrate to bone. They also showed signs of biodegradability, and composites 2 and 3 were osteoconductive, the first displaying best characteristics for bone substitution.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Durapatita/uso terapêutico , Hidroxibutiratos/uso terapêutico , Poliésteres/uso terapêutico , Implantes Absorvíveis , Animais , Doenças Ósseas/cirurgia , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Células Gigantes/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Teste de Materiais , Osseointegração/fisiologia , Osteoclastos/patologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Coelhos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Ulna/cirurgiaRESUMO
Twenty-five arthrodeses were performed in four cats and 17 dogs using synthetic hydroxyapatite as fresh autogenous graft cancellous bone substitute. Arthrodesis was performed in the carpal joint in eight cases, in the tarsal joint in 10, in the elbow joint in six, and in the knee joint in one case. The mean radiographic follow-up time was 30 days in one animal, 45 days in another animal and 60 days in the 19 remaining cases. Bone union was observed in 24 arthrodeses. Non-union of one elbow arthrodesis was due to failure of stabilization. Restoration of limb functionality was classified as good to excellent in 22 cases. Hydroxyapatite was able to promote bone growth and is suitable for using in routine surgical procedures for small animals
Realizaram-se 25 artrodeses em 21 casos, quatro em gatos e 17 em cães, utilizando hidroxiapatita sintética como substituto ao enxerto ósseo autógeno esponjoso fresco, sendo oito na articulação do carpo, 10 na articulação do tarso, seis na do cotovelo e uma na do joelho. As avaliações radiográficas foram realizadas aos 30 dias em um animal, aos 45 dias em outro e aos 60 dias nos 19 casos restantes. Visibilizou-se união óssea em 24 artrodeses e a não-união em um cotovelo foi atribuída a falha na estabilização. O retorno à função do membro foi classificado de bom a excelente em 22 casos. A hidroxiapatita foi capaz de viabilizar o crescimento ósseo e mostrou-se factível para utilização na prática cirúrgica rotineira em pequenos animais
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Artrodese/métodos , Cães/cirurgia , Carpo Animal/cirurgia , Carpo Animal/fisiopatologia , Durapatita/uso terapêutico , Gatos/cirurgia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/fisiopatologia , Tarso Animal/cirurgia , Tarso Animal/fisiopatologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Twenty-five arthrodeses were performed in four cats and 17 dogs using synthetic hydroxyapatite as fresh autogenous graft cancellous bone substitute. Arthrodesis was performed in the carpal joint in eight cases, in the tarsal joint in 10, in the elbow joint in six, and in the knee joint in one case. The mean radiographic follow-up time was 30 days in one animal, 45 days in another animal and 60 days in the 19 remaining cases. Bone union was observed in 24 arthrodeses. Non-union of one elbow arthrodesis was due to failure of stabilization. Restoration of limb functionality was classified as good to excellent in 22 cases. Hydroxyapatite was able to promote bone growth and is suitable for using in routine surgical procedures for small animals(AU)
Realizaram-se 25 artrodeses em 21 casos, quatro em gatos e 17 em cães, utilizando hidroxiapatita sintética como substituto ao enxerto ósseo autógeno esponjoso fresco, sendo oito na articulação do carpo, 10 na articulação do tarso, seis na do cotovelo e uma na do joelho. As avaliações radiográficas foram realizadas aos 30 dias em um animal, aos 45 dias em outro e aos 60 dias nos 19 casos restantes. Visibilizou-se união óssea em 24 artrodeses e a não-união em um cotovelo foi atribuída a falha na estabilização. O retorno à função do membro foi classificado de bom a excelente em 22 casos. A hidroxiapatita foi capaz de viabilizar o crescimento ósseo e mostrou-se factível para utilização na prática cirúrgica rotineira em pequenos animais(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Artrodese/métodos , Carpo Animal/fisiopatologia , Carpo Animal/cirurgia , Tarso Animal/fisiopatologia , Tarso Animal/cirurgia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/fisiopatologia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia , Durapatita/uso terapêutico , Cães/cirurgia , Gatos/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/fisiopatologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgiaRESUMO
The gross and microscopical features of a glomus tumour in the digit of a 9-year-old dog are described. The tumour consisted of a red nodule near the nail of the third digit of the right forelimb and appeared painful. The tumour cells, which had round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm, were arranged in sheets around blood vessels, or in nests or duct-like structures. This pattern has not been described previously in canine glomus tumours. Mitotic figures were seen only occasionally. Tumour cells were strongly immunolabelled for vimentin and some expressed smooth-muscle actin and desmin. They were negative for cytokeratins, neuron-specific enolase and CD34. Silver impregnation (reticulin method) stained the reticulum around blood vessels, nests of tumour cells and duct-like structures, and a delicate reticulum was seen around each tumour cell. The morphological, immunohistochemical and histochemical patterns helped in the diagnosis of this glomus tumour.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Tumor Glômico/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Doenças do Pé/patologia , Doenças do Pé/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/patologia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Tumor Glômico/química , Tumor Glômico/patologia , Tumor Glômico/cirurgia , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/veterinária , Coloração pela Prata/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/química , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vimentina/análiseRESUMO
Justificativa e objetivos - O bloqueio do plexo braquial é a técnica preferida pelos anestesiologistas para as cirurgias nos membros superiores. Embora o acesso infraclavicular seja menos utilizado, ele pode oferecer algumas vantagens. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo é mostrar os resultados observados em 50 pacientes submetidos a bloqueio do plexo braquial pela via infraclavicular, usando estimulador de nervo periférico e abordagem ânterro-posterior. Método - Cinqüenta pacientes, com idades entre 17 e 87 anos, estado físico ASA I e II, escalados para cirurgias ortopédicas da extremidade superior foram anestesiados com bloqueio do plexo braquial pela via infraclavicular. Todos os bloqueios foram realizados com estimulador de nervo periférico, a partir de 1mA. Quando se obtinha uma adequada contração muscular na mão, no antebraço ou músculos do braço, a amperagem era diminuída até desaparecimento da resposta. Se a resposta desaparecesse com estímulo supeior a 0,6mA, a agulha poderia ser movimentada a procura de melhor resposta. Se a resposta não desaparecesse com estímulo menor que 0,5mA, injetavam-se 50 ml de lidocaína a 1,6 por cento com epinefrina 1:200.000. Foram avaliados o tempo de latência, duração da cirurgia, tolerância ao uso de torniquete, duração dos bloqueios sensitivo e motor, complicações e efeitos adversos. Resultados - O bloqueio foi efetivo em 94 por cento dos pacientes, o tempo médio da latência foi de 8,78 min, a duração média da cirurgia foi de 65,52 min e a tolerância ao torniquete foi observada em todos os paciente. A média de duração do bloqueio sensitivo foi de 195,56 min e do bloqueio motor de 198,86 min. Ocorreu uma punção vascular. Não foram observados sinais e sintomas clínicos de toxicidade do anestésico local ou do vasoconstritor. Nenhum paciente apresentou efeitos adversos do bloqueio. Conclusões - O bloqueio infraclavicular do plexo braquial proporciona uma anestesia efetiva para cirurgias dos membros superiores. Acreditamos que a técnica utilizando o estimulador de nervos periféricos proporciona um alto índice de sucesso e demonstrou ser segura. Não foi observado nenhum caso de pneumotórax ou qualquer outro tipo de complicação. A solução do anestésico utilizada porporcionou uma anestesia adequada e segura
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Plexo Braquial , Estimulação Elétrica , Lidocaína/administração & dosagem , Bloqueio Nervoso , Axila , Clavícula , Membro Anterior/cirurgiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome in 8 dogs of surgical reduction of congenital humeroulnar luxation by using the transarticular pin. Five cases were bilateral and 3 were unilateral, for a total of 13 elbows. The treatment was performed in animals between 45 and 150 days of age. Articular stabilization was achieved by using a transarticular pin driven from the caudal aspect of the olecranon into the body of the humerus or into the distal condyle and distal metaphysis of the humerus. The follow-up period was between 1 and 19 months. There were 5 postsurgical reluxations, 3 related to the insertion of the pin into the humeral condyle and 2 related to the insertion into the humeral body. These animals needed further surgery. Six animals showed near normal return to limb function and 2 had lameness. We conclude that the use of the transarticular pin is an effective and simple method for the treatment of humeroulnar congenital elbow luxation.
Assuntos
Pinos Ortopédicos/veterinária , Cães/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Luxações Articulares/veterinária , Articulações/cirurgia , Animais , Cães/anormalidades , Feminino , Membro Anterior/anormalidades , Membro Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Luxações Articulares/congênito , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Articulações/anormalidades , Masculino , Radiografia , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascular kinetics of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDPT) healing, during recovery after tenotomy and tenorraphy in dogs. Twenty-two male or female mongrel dogs were at separated random in five groups. The TFDP of the left second and fifth toes of the forelimb were transected in both avascular and vascular areas and repaired using the modified Kessler technique. The animals received daily controlled passive motion treatment for seven (Group 1), 15 (Group 2), 30 (Group 3), 45 (Group 4) and 60 (Group 6) days when the animals were anesthetized and the tendons were collected for morphometric evaluation of the neovascularization. The contraleteral right forelimb, which had not been operated on, served as control for each animal. The vessels were marked by angiographic technique using Chine Ink. The vascular net area of both control and tested flexor tendons were morphometrically compared. The results allowed the following conclusions; there was siginificant difference between the vascular area demarcation of both tendon control in comparison to the operated. The difference in vascular demarcation was accentuated with time. The neovascularization initiated from the vascular zone to the point of the tendon lesion.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Masculino , Feminino , Cicatrização , Dedos/cirurgia , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Tendões/irrigação sanguínea , Cinética , Tendões/cirurgiaRESUMO
A morphofunctional study was undertaken in 24 Beagle dogs subjected to a a tenorrhaphy, in order to evaluate the results obtained with 3 different surgical procedures (16 hands each)--"traditional" (TRAD); the "tendinous venous envelope" (TVE), and the "simulated procedure" (SHAM). The surgical tissue (n = 48) was the extensor digitorum communis muscle of the hand (forepaw) bilaterally. For TRAD procedure, the Bunnell suture technique was applied. For the TVE procedure, the tenorrhaphy site was wrapped in a segment of autologous femoral vein and for the SHAM procedure, the tendon was exposed over 3 cm without sectioning it and the wound was closed. In each case, the limb was immobilised for 21 days in a cast. Functional data (288 X-rays) was obtained on angle variations of the radio-carpal joint in 2 different positions--passive (physiological), and forced (with an additional weight of 150 g). For each position, the angle variation obtained for each one of the surgical procedures were compared at 3 different times: day zero (surgical intervention), day 21 (cast removal), and day 35 (surgical tissue removal). Morphological data (144 sections) was obtained by analyzing the surgical tissue (tendinous fibrosis; fusion of the tendon clusters with the epimysium and the neighboring tissues; synovitis and the virtual space between the tendon and the neosheath). Tests of variance analysis by posts (critical H = 5.99), showed that the TVE procedure produced better results as compared to TRAD (SHAM approximately equal to TVE > TRAD) on day 21 (H = 22.58) as well as on day 35 (H = 8.08).
Assuntos
Veia Femoral , Tendões/cirurgia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Moldes Cirúrgicos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Cães , Fibrose , Seguimentos , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Articulações/fisiologia , Doenças Musculares/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Técnicas de Sutura , Sinovite/etiologia , Aderências Teciduais/prevenção & controle , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
Limb regeneration in the short-toes axolotl is impaired. Our goal was to characterize the regeneration process in this mutant by histological and immunocytochemical methods. Previous research indicates that age and a defective basement membrane may be instrumental factors in short-toes axolotl regeneration (Del Rio-Tsonis et al. [1992] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89:5502-5506). The present results show that limb regeneration can occur even in older (1-2-year-old) short-toes axolotls. The process was always significantly delayed, but the time required for complete regeneration varied. Even so, the basement membrane of short-toes regenerates showed no differences in thickness or shape compared with wild-type regenerates. Distally amputated short-toes limbs gave rise to more digits in the regenerate, indicating that regeneration may be somewhat dependent on the level of amputation. Since extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling occurs extensively during regeneration, we compared the ECM of the short-toes and wild-type regenerates using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) MT2 and ST1 (Tassava et al. [1996] Wound Rep. Reg., 4:75-81). The short-toes regenerates showed decreased reactivity to mAb MT2, which identifies type XII collagen, an ECM protein that is normally unregulated during regeneration, and increased reactivity to mAb ST1, which identifies a limb ECM component that typically undergoes breakdown in the distal stump. Thus, impaired regeneration in the short-toes axolotl is correlated with impaired ECM remodeling in the distal limb stump. This supports the view that ECM remodeling plays an important role in regeneration.