RESUMO
A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe impactos significativos para a vida de crianças e adolescentes em todo o mundo. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi examinar como as crianças e os adolescentes no Brasil foram impactados pela pandemia à luz de uma análise ética. Para tanto, uma análise interpretativa de estudos brasileiros sobre a saúde da criança e do adolescente durante a pandemia foi realizada. A tarefa de reconhecer essa dimensão ética é importante para entender como as respostas a situações de crise, tais como a presente situação da pandemia de COVID-19, podem ser moldadas e identificar quais as prioridades de ação de acordo com todas as partes interessadas, situando a criança entre essas partes de interesse. A análise demonstrou que tanto os efeitos diretos quanto os indiretos implicam em processos de tomada de decisão que precisam utilizar e sustentar o direito de participação da criança para que a ação tomada esteja o máximo possível focada nos melhores interesses da criança. Contudo, a realidade brasileira tem demonstrado uma exclusão estrutural das vozes infantis. Recomenda-se que mais estudos sejam conduzidos a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre os melhores interesses das crianças e sua participação nas ações tomadas durante a pandemia
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of children and adolescents around the world. This article aims to examine how the pandemic has impacted children and adolescents in Brazil using an ethical analysis. An interpretive analysis of Brazilian studies on child and adolescent health during the pandemic was conducted. The task of recognizing this ethical dimension is important to understand how responses to crisis situations, such as the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, can be shaped and where are the priorities for action according to all stakeholders, situating the child between these parts of interest. Our analysis highlighted both direct and indirect effects surrounding the decision-making processes for children in the COVID-19 pandemic reality. These decisional processes must sustain the child's right to participation to ascertain that the action taken is in the child's best interests. However, Brazilian reality has shown a structural exclusion of children's voices in decisions that affect them, particularly related to the effects of the pandemics in their lives. More studies must be conducted to deepen the knowledge about children's best interests and their participation in actions planning during the pandemic
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado las vidas de niños y adolescentes de todo el mundo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar cómo la pandemia ha afectado a los niños y adolescentes en Brasil mediante un análisis ético. Se realizó un análisis interpretativo de los estudios brasileños sobre salud del niño y del adolescente durante la pandemia. La tarea de reconocer esta dimensión ética es importante para entender cómo las respuestas a situaciones de crisis, como la situación actual de la pandemia COVID-19, pueden configurarse y dónde están las prioridades de acción según todos los actores, situando al niño entre estas partes. de interés. Estos procesos de decisión deben sustentar el derecho del niño a la participación para asegurarse de que las medidas tomadas respondan al interés superior del niño. Sin embargo, la realidad brasileña ha mostrado una exclusión estructural de las voces de los niños en las decisiones que los afectan, particularmente en relación con los efectos de las pandemias en sus vidas. Se deben realizar más estudios para profundizar el conocimiento sobre el interés superior de los niños y su participación en la planificación de acciones durante la pandemia
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Cuidado da Criança/ética , Saúde da Criança/ética , Análise Ética , COVID-19/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/ética , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/ética , Saúde Mental , COVID-19/prevenção & controleAssuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Proteção da Criança/ética , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Ética Médica , Direitos Humanos/ética , Papel do Médico , Temas Bioéticos , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/ética , Maus-Tratos Infantis/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Lactente , México , Prisioneiros , Estados UnidosRESUMO
While the protection of children from all forms of violence is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, violence remains a part of life for children around the globe. Corporal punishment is a form of violence and a dominant practice as a method of corrective parenting in the Caribbean. While researchers are starting to ask children directly about their experiences of violence, there is limited research on children's perspectives of the function, legality, and boundaries of corporal punishment, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This study begins to address this gap by reporting on 12 focus groups that were conducted with adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) and caregivers of Indo-Caribbean background in Suriname. The aim is to explore adolescents' and caregivers' shared perspectives about the prevalence of corporal punishment in Suriname, responses to and feelings about its use as a discipline strategy and perspectives of the rationales for and against corporal punishment, and their views on banning it. Analyses were done using ATLAS.ti version 1.0.50, a qualitative data package. Corporal punishment showed to be an everyday experience in children's lives in Suriname. There was no clear consensus regarding adolescents' and caregivers' perspectives on the parental use of corporal punishment. Many participants hesitated to support efforts to prohibit corporal punishment legally. Messages arising from this study could usefully inform the development of a public information campaign on safe and effective discipline of children in Suriname.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Cuidadores , Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Punição , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/etnologia , Adulto , Cuidadores/ética , Cuidadores/psicologia , Região do Caribe/etnologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/ética , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Características Culturais , Pai/psicologia , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães/psicologia , Punição/psicologia , Suriname , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
The bioethics thoughts of this article are guided to Child Abuse in general, not only to severe abuse and sexual abuse; it is directed to the most frequent form of abuse that occurs inside the family. In the first part of this article, an analysis of facts is performed, checking over epidemiologic and clinical relevant information of child abuse. In the second part, the analysis is based on values, difficulties in defining child abuse and the reasons why it should be managed as a health problem. In the last part, the discussion is maintained from an ethics perspective, regarding the problems in the attention of abused children and their families. The committee of child abuse presents a proposal for organization of health work in this subject.
La reflexión bioética de este artículo está orientada al Maltrato Infantil (MI) en general, abarcando lo que es común a todas las formas y no en particular al maltrato severo y al abuso sexual. Por ser lo más frecuente, nos orientamos al maltrato que se produce en el medio intrafamiliar. En la primera parte de este artículo se hará un análisis de hechos, revisando la información epidemiológica y de relevancia clínica en el MI. En la segunda parte, se hace un análisis valórico sobre las dificultades de definir el MI y sobre los fundamentos para tratarlo como un problema de salud. En la tercera parte, se discute desde una perspectiva ética, los dilemas que surgen en la atención de los niños maltratados y sus familias. Finalmente se presenta una propuesta, una visión que tiene el comité de maltrato para organizar la labor asistencial de salud.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/ética , Maus-Tratos Infantis/prevenção & controle , Saúde da Família , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Relações Pais-Filho , Fatores de Risco , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Domestic violence reporting by health providers contributes to the epidemiological assessment of the magnitude of the problem, which allows the development of specific programs and actions. The aim of the study was to assess the level of responsibility of these providers towards reporting violence, especially domestic violence, and potential related legal and ethical implications. The Brazilian legislation and ethics code of Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Psychology were studied. Legal sanctions are found in the Criminal Law of Misdemeanor Offenses, the Child and Adolescent Statute, the Elderly Statute and in the law establishing mandatory reporting of violence against women. There are also penalties in all ethics codes reviewed. It is concluded that health providers have the legal duty of reporting known domestic violence cases and they can even be charged with omission.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Violência Doméstica/ética , Responsabilidade Legal , Notificação de Abuso/ética , Adolescente , Idoso , Brasil , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/ética , Maus-Tratos Infantis/legislação & jurisprudência , Códigos de Ética , Violência Doméstica/legislação & jurisprudência , Abuso de Idosos/ética , Abuso de Idosos/legislação & jurisprudência , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Objetivo: destacar a importância da síndrome de alienação parental sob o enfoque da Ciência Jurídica. Aspectos abordados: 1. conceito; 2. causas determinantes do processo de alienação: 3. graus e extensão da alienação; 4. meios para obter a alienação parental; 5. elementos de identificação...
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/legislação & jurisprudência , Maus-Tratos Infantis/éticaRESUMO
Investigación por demanda dentro de la línea de salud pública que tuvo como objetivo general, establecer hasta qué punto los derechos de los niños han penetrado realmente el ambiente hospitalario para reflejarse en la disposición y diseño de los espacios físicos, en el trato humano, en las actitudes de los funcionarios y usuarios de los servicios, en los procesos de comunicación e información y, en general, en las distintas iniciativas que se emprenden con el fin de mejorar la calidad de los servicios hospitalarios. Entre noviembre de 1997 y febrero de 1998, la Secretaría Distrital de Salud y "Defensa de los Niños Internacional, DNI- Colombia", estuvieron comprometidos en la realización de un estudio sobre la vigencia de los derechos de los niños en los departamentos de pediatría de los hospitales de segundo y tercer nivel adscritos a la Secretaría Distrital de Salud. El interés por realizar la investigación surgió del conocimiento sobre los electos emocionales negativos que la hospitalización puede tener en los niños y sus familias, si no se introducen medidas especiales para humanizar la atención que se les brinda. El marco de referencia de este trabajo fue la Convención internacional de los derechos del niño que es el tratado internacional más significativo que se haya elaborado con el objetivo de aunar esfuerzos en la búsqueda de mejores condiciones de vida y bienestar para los niños y las niñas del mundo. En ella se encuentra implícita toda una ética basada en el reconocimiento del niño como ser humano con necesidades propias determinadas por el momento específico de su desarrollo y como sujeto activo y participante en la realización de sus derechos.
The general objective of this public health research was to establish to what extent children's rights have really penetrated the hospital environment to be reflected in the layout and design of physical spaces, in human treatment, in the attitudes of officials and users of services, in communication and information processes and, in general, in the different initiatives undertaken to improve the quality of hospital services. Between November 1997 and February 1998, the District Health Secretariat and "Defensa de los Niños Internacional, DNI-Colombia" were engaged in conducting a study on the enforcement of children's rights in the pediatric departments of the second and third level hospitals attached to the District Health Secretariat. The interest in conducting the research arose from the knowledge of the negative emotional effects that hospitalization can have on children and their families, if special measures are not introduced to humanize the care provided to them. The frame of reference for this work was the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the most significant international treaty ever drafted with the aim of joining efforts in the search for better living conditions and well-being for the world's children. Implicit in it is a whole ethic based on the recognition of the child as a human being with his or her own needs determined by the specific moment of his or her development and as an active subject and participant in the realization of his or her rights.