RESUMO
Bat-borne viruses may affect public health and the global economy. These mammals have a wide geographical distribution and unique biological, physiological, and immunogenic characteristics, allowing the dissemination of many known and unknown viruses. Enteric viruses, such as adeno (AdV) and rotaviruses, are recognized as the main causative agents of disease and outbreaks. In the present study, the presence of viruses from Adenoviridae and Reoviridae families was evaluated in molossid, phyllostomid, and vespertilionid bats captured in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, between September 2021 and July 2022. Sixty bat rectal swabs were analyzed by PCR. Eight (13.3%) samples were positive for adenovirus and classified as human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) (three samples) and HAdV-E (five samples) by sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. All samples were negative in rotavirus specific RT-PCR. This is the first study to describe the presence of HAdV in samples of Glossophaga soricina, Eptesicus brasiliensis, and Histiotus velatus. Furthermore, the presence of HAdV-E in bats was reported, which is unusual and may suggest that other HAdV genotypes, in addition to HAdV-C, may also be harbored by wild animals. The data generated in the present study reinforces the importance of eco-surveillance of viral agents related to diseases in humans and wild animals. In addition, it is essential to identify possible new hosts or reservoirs that increase the risk of spillover and dissemination of infectious pathogens, helping to prevent and control zoonotic diseases.
Assuntos
Quirópteros , Mastadenovirus , Filogenia , Rotavirus , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Quirópteros/virologia , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/classificação , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Mastadenovirus/classificação , Mastadenovirus/genética , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologiaRESUMO
Using a broad-range nested PCR assay targeting the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol) gene, we detected adenoviruses in 17 (20.48%) out of 83 fecal samples from small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts. All 17 PCR amplicons were sequenced for the partial pol gene (~300 bp, hereafter referred to as Mon sequences). Fourteen of the 17 Mon sequences shared maximum homology (98.3-99.6% and 97-98.9% nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequence identities, respectively) with that of bovine adenovirus-6 (species Bovine atadenovirus E). Mongoose-associated adenovirus Mon-39 was most closely related (absolute nt and deduced aa identities) to an atadenovirus from a tropical screech owl. Mon-66 shared maximum nt and deduced aa identities of 69% and 71.4% with those of atadenoviruses from a spur-thighed tortoise and a brown anole lizard, respectively. Phylogenetically, Mon-39 and Mon-66 clustered within clades that were predominated by atadenoviruses from reptiles, indicating a reptilian origin of these viruses. Only a single mongoose-associated adenovirus, Mon-34, was related to the genus Mastadenovirus. However, phylogenetically, Mon-34 formed an isolated branch, distinct from other mastadenoviruses. Since the fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy mongooses, we could not determine whether the mongoose-associated adenoviruses infected the host. On the other hand, the phylogenetic clustering patterns of the mongoose-associated atadenoviruses pointed more towards a dietary origin of these viruses. Although the present study was based on partial pol sequences (~90 aa), sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis suggested that Mon-34, Mon-39, and Mon-66 might represent novel adenoviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and molecular characterization of adenoviruses from the mongoose.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/classificação , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Herpestidae/virologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Atadenovirus/classificação , Atadenovirus/genética , Atadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA , Fezes/virologia , Lagartos/virologia , Mastadenovirus/classificação , Mastadenovirus/genética , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Tartarugas/virologia , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
With the arrival of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil in February 2020, several preventive measures were taken by the population aiming to avoid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection including the use of masks, social distancing, and frequent hand washing then, these measures may have contributed to preventing infection also by other respiratory viruses. Our goal was to determine the frequencies of Influenza A and B viruses (FLUAV/FLUBV), human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C), Enterovirus 68 (EV-68), and rhinovirus (RV) besides SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalized patients suspect of COVID-19 with cases of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) in the period of March to December 2020 and to detect possible coinfections among them. Nucleic acid detection was performed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in respiratory samples using naso-oropharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage. A total of 418 samples of the 987 analyzed (42.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16 (1.62%) samples were positive for FLUAV, no sample was positive for FLUBV or EV-68, 67 (6.78%) samples were positive for HAdV-C, 55 samples were positive for RV 1/2 (26.3%) and 37 for RV 2/2 (13.6%). Coinfections were also detected, including a triple coinfection with SARS-CoV-2, FLUAV, and HAdV-C. In the present work, a very low frequency of FLUV was reported among hospitalized patients with ARDS compared to the past years, probably due to preventive measures taken to avoid COVID-19 and the high influenza vaccination coverage in the region in which this study was performed.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Resfriado Comum/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Distanciamento Físico , Infecções por Adenoviridae/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Resfriado Comum/prevenção & controle , Enterovirus Humano D/genética , Enterovirus Humano D/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterovirus/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/genética , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Máscaras , Mastadenovirus/genética , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Rhinovirus/genética , Rhinovirus/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Public parks are leisure environments widely used by both, adults and children, often accompained by their pets. Soil contamination of these environments by enteric viruses and intestinal parasites occurs through these animals feces. The aim of this work was to detect Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV-1) and different species of Mastadenovirus in soils samples from a park located in a medium-sized city in Brazil and evaluate the presence of helminth eggs and larvae in 18 points of a public park soil samples, as well as feces found on this site during six months. Parasitological analyzes were conducted through flotation and sedimentation techniques, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for viral detection. Of the 216 soil and 16 feces samples, 49% (106/216) and 12% (2/16) were positivefor nematodes larvae, respectively, through sedimentation techniques. Toxocara spp eggs were found in one soil sample and one feces sample, Trichuris spp eggs were found in only one feces sample and Hookworms eggs were found in four soil samples. After reconstruction work in the streets near the park, 30% (64/216) of the samples were positive for Human Mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C), 1.4% (3/216) for HAdV-E and 0.4% (1/216) for Canine Mastadenovirus A (CAdV-A). The parasitic forms found in this study have demonstrated that the contamination of the park's soil pose a threat to human and animal health. This was the first study to report the presence of HAdVs and CAdVs in soil samples.
Assuntos
Ancylostomatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo/parasitologia , Toxocara/isolamento & purificação , Ancylostomatoidea/classificação , Ancylostomatoidea/genética , Animais , Cães , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , Mastadenovirus/classificação , Mastadenovirus/genética , Parques Recreativos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Toxocara/classificação , Toxocara/genéticaRESUMO
Human mastadenovirus (HAdV) genus is related to several diseases, among them upper and lower respiratory tract illness. HAdV species B, C, D, and E are mainly associated with respiratory infections. The goal of this work was to identify the HAdV species associated with respiratory infections in hospitalized patients from southern Brazil. Samples were collected from 1996 to 2004 and 2011 to 2017. During this period, 28,524 samples were collected, and 9983 were positive for respiratory viruses, being 435 for HAdV. From these 435 samples, 57 were selected for characterization of HAdV species. For screening the presence of HAdV, a partial sequence of the DNA polymerase gene (DNApol gene) was amplified by nested PCR. Partial nucleotide sequencing was performed in positive samples, and HAdV (DNApol gene) was detected in 53 samples: species B (28; 49.1%), C (16; 28.0%), D (2; 3.5%), E (5; 8.7%), and untyped (2; 3.5%). Specie D was found only in 2017 and specie E in 2011 and 2012. The age of the patients ranged from < 1 to 81 years old, and 62.3% were male. No relationship between gender or age and identified HAdV species were observed. In addition, in the period of 2013-2017, 18 samples from patients who died were analyzed: 11 were related to species B, 4 to C, and 2 to D and 1 remained untyped. Circulation of HAdV species D and E varied over the years, but species B and C were present throughout the evaluated period. In addition, respiratory infections by HAdV affect elderly and children mainly.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae/virologia , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mastadenovirus/classificação , Mastadenovirus/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cymbopogon citratus and C. nardus are noteworthy among the several existing plant species displaying medicinal properties, due to the potential pharmacological activity of these species, including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-trypanosomal activities. The objective of this study was to carry out in vitro toxicity tests of plant extracts from both species and analyze potential antiviral activity against Human mastadenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5). Two cell lines (A549 and VERO) were used and mitochondrial and lysosomal viability were determined by the MTT and neutral red assay, respectively, after two exposure times (24 hours and six days). The aim of these assays was to counteract the behavior of the extracts against the different cell lines and determine their non-toxic concentration range, in order to evaluate possible antiviral activity against HAdV-5. Plaque reduction and inhibition index of viral titer assays were performed using the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations (MNCC) of each extract. The results indicate MNCC at 625 µg/mL for all extracts, except for Cymbopogon nardus obtained with 80% ethanol (CN80), which showed toxicity at concentrations higher than 312.5 µg/mL. CN80 was the only extract that displayed potential activity against HAdV-5, at a concentration of 75 µg/mL, becoming a candidate for extract fraction purification and/or the isolation of substances related to the observed antiviral activity
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais/análise , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Cymbopogon/toxicidade , Antivirais/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Sobrevivência CelularRESUMO
It is well recognized that the classical biological and chemical markers of environmental pollution do not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of emerging threats to public health, such as waterborne viruses and genotoxicants. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of material of enteroviruses (EV), rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus (AdV) and genotoxicity in water samples from points of routine monitoring of water quality in the main course of the Sinos River. The points are classified into different levels of pollution in accordance to the Brazilian federal regulations. Viral genomes from EV, AdV were detected in two of the 4 collection points regardless of the level of urbanisation of the surrounding areas. In contrast, genotoxicity was not observed in piava (Leporinus obtusidens) fingerlings cultivated on these same water samples. Results were compared with classical physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. There was no clear evidence of association between any of the classical markers and the presence of viral genomes in the water samples tested.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Rios/química , Rios/virologia , Qualidade da Água , Animais , Brasil , Caraciformes/metabolismo , Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Mastadenovirus/genética , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Mutagênicos/análise , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
It is well recognized that the classical biological and chemical markers of environmental pollution do not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of emerging threats to public health, such as waterborne viruses and genotoxicants. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of material of enteroviruses (EV), rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus (AdV) and genotoxicity in water samples from points of routine monitoring of water quality in the main course of the Sinos River. The points are classified into different levels of pollution in accordance to the Brazilian federal regulations. Viral genomes from EV, AdV were detected in two of the 4 collection points regardless of the level of urbanisation of the surrounding areas. In contrast, genotoxicity was not observed in piava (
É amplamente reconhecido que os marcadores biológicos e químicos clássicos para a poluição ambiental não necessariamente indicam a presença ou ausência de ameaças emergentes à saúde pública, tais como vírus transmitidos pela água e genotoxicantes. Este estudo preliminar teve por objetivo detectar material genético de enterovírus (EV), rotavírus (RV) e adenovírus (AdV) e genotoxicidade em amostras de água de pontos de monitoramento de rotina da qualidade da água no curso principal do rio dos Sinos. Os pontos são classificados em níveis diferentes de poluição, de acordo com as normativas federais brasileiras. Genomas virais de EV, RV e RV foram detectados em dois dos quatro pontos de coleta, independente do nível de urbanização das áreas adjacentes. Por outro lado, não foi observada genotoxicidade em alevinos de piava (
Assuntos
Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Rios/química , Rios/virologia , Qualidade da Água , Brasil , Caraciformes/metabolismo , Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Mastadenovirus/genética , Mastadenovirus/isolamento & purificação , Mutagênicos/análise , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
This paper describes the first detection of adenovirus in a Brazilian Desmodus rotundus bat, the common vampire bat. As part of a continuous rabies surveillance program, three bat specimens were captured in Southern Brazil. Total DNA was extracted from pooled organs and submitted to a nested PCR designed to amplify a 280 bp long portion of the DNA polymerase gene of adenoviruses. One positive sample was subjected to nucleotide sequencing, confirming that this DNA fragment belongs to a member of the genus Mastadenovirus. This sequence is approximately 25 % divergent at the nucleotide level from equine adenovirus 1 and two other recently characterized bat adenoviruses.