RESUMO
The present research sought to determine whether the administration of estradiol benzoate and long-acting progesterone to anovulatory recipient mares could maintain the pregnancy after embryo transfer during the autumn transitional phase. Recipient mares (n = 40) received the hormonal supplementation (treated group) whereas the other 36 served as a control. The control group consisted of mares having typical estrous cycles with ovulations, development of a viable corpus luteum and received one transferred embryo 5 days after ovulation. Hormonal administrations in the treated group started 8 days before the embryo transfer. During the first 3 days, the mares received estradiol benzoate (5 mg the first day, 3 mg the second day and 2 mg the third day). At Day 5 subsequent to ovulation, the mares received one administration of 1500 mg long-acting progesterone, and the same treatments occurred at the day of embryo transfer. Afterwards, treated mares also received 1500 mg long-acting progesterone every 7 days until 120 days of gestation. For both control and treated groups, the recipient mares were classified as acceptable, marginally acceptable or unacceptable for embryo transfer, and the embryo quality was also determined. The pregnancy diagnosis in recipient mares was made at Days 13, 30 and 60 of pregnancy. While the pregnancy rate was greater (P < 0.05) in the treated than in the control group, the recipient classification did not influence pregnancy rates. In conclusion, pregnancy in anovulatory recipient mares during the autumn transitional phase can be achieved when estradiol benzoate and progesterone are administered.
Assuntos
Anovulação/tratamento farmacológico , Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Cavalos , Manutenção da Gravidez/efeitos dos fármacos , Prenhez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anovulação/veterinária , Cruzamento/métodos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Gravidez , Prenhez/efeitos dos fármacos , Estações do Ano , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The opposing renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) are upregulated in pregnancy and localize in the utero-placental unit. To test their participation as counter-regulators, circulating angiotensin II (AII) was exogenously elevated and the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) was antagonized in pregnant guinea-pigs. We hypothesized that disrupting the RAS/KKS balance during the period of maximal trophoblast invasion and placental development would provoke increased blood pressure, defective trophoblast invasion and a preeclampsia-like syndrome. METHODS: Pregnant guinea-pigs received subcutaneous infusions of AII (200 µg/kg/day), the B2R antagonist Bradyzide (BDZ; 62.5 microg/kg/day), or both (AII + BDZ) from gestational day 20 to 34. Non-pregnant cycling animals were included in a control group (C NP) or received AII + BDZ (AII + BDZ NP) during 14 days. Systolic blood pressure was determined during cycle in C NP, and on the last day of infusion, and 6 and 26 days thereafter in the remaining groups. Twenty six days after the infusions blood and urine were extracted, fetuses, placentas and kidneys were weighed, and trophoblast invasion of spiral arteries was defined in the utero-placental units by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure transiently rose in a subgroup of the pregnant females while receiving AII + BDZ infusion, but not in AII + BDZ NP. Plasma creatinine was higher in AII- and BDZ-treated dams, but no proteinuria or hyperuricemia were observed. Kidney weight increased in AII + BDZ-treated pregnant and non-pregnant females. Aborted and dead fetuses were increased in dams that received AII and AII + BDZ. The fetal/placental weight ratio was reduced in litters of AII + BDZ-treated mothers. All groups that received interventions during pregnancy showed reduced replacement of endothelial cells by extravillous trophoblasts in lateral and myometrial spiral arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The acute effects on fetal viability, and the persistently impaired renal/placental sufficiency and incomplete arterial remodeling implicate the RAS and KKS in the adaptations in pregnancy. The results partially confirm our hypothesis, as a preeclampsia-like syndrome was not induced. We demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing systemic and local modifications in pregnant guinea-pig, supporting its use to study normal placentation and related disorders.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Sistema Calicreína-Cinina , Placenta/irrigação sanguínea , Placentação , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina , Remodelação Vascular , Angiotensina II/administração & dosagem , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Animais , Antagonistas de Receptor B2 da Bradicinina/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Receptor B2 da Bradicinina/farmacologia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobaias , Infusões Subcutâneas , Sistema Calicreína-Cinina/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Placenta/patologia , Placentação/efeitos dos fármacos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/induzido quimicamente , Gravidez , Manutenção da Gravidez/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirrolidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Receptor B2 da Bradicinina/química , Receptor B2 da Bradicinina/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiossemicarbazonas/administração & dosagem , Tiossemicarbazonas/farmacologia , Útero/irrigação sanguínea , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Útero/patologia , Remodelação Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone and platelet transfusion treatment on recovery in patients with class 1 hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All women with class 1 HELLP syndrome (true HELLP syndrome) who were seen at the hospital Complejo Hospitalario de la Caja de Seguro Social de Panama, Panama between July 1996 and June 2004 took part in a retrospective, comparative study. They were divided into two groups. One group received dexamethasone and the other group received dexamethasone plus platelet transfusion. True HELLP syndrome was defined as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and maternal platelet nadir < or =50,000 platelets/microl. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary endpoint was resolution of the HELLP syndrome as recognized by normalization of the platelet count (> or =150,000/microl) and the mean length (measured in days) of the postpartum stay in hospital. RESULTS: Forty-six women with true HELLP syndrome were studied. Twenty-six patients received dexamethasone and 20 received dexamethasone plus platelet transfusion. The normalization of the platelet count was significantly more rapid in the dexamethasone group (p<0.004) and the postpartum hospital stay was significantly more prolonged in the dexamethasone plus platelet transfusion group (p<0.02). There was no maternal death. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the initiation of high-dose dexamethasone therapy in women with true HELLP syndrome, with the next step being delivery, and probably platelet count < or =50,000/microl alone is not always an indication for platelet transfusion.