RESUMO
Male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were subjected to the variable foraging demand (VFD) early stress paradigm as infants, MRI scans were completed an average of 4 years later, and behavioral assessments of anxiety and ex-vivo corpus callosum (CC) measurements were made when animals were fully matured. VFD rearing was associated with smaller CC size, CC measurements were found to correlate with fearful behavior in adulthood, and ex-vivo CC assessments showed high consistency with earlier MRI measures. Region of interest (ROI) hippocampus and whole brain voxel-based morphometry assessments were also completed and VFD rearing was associated with reduced hippocampus and inferior and middle temporal gyri volumes. The animals were also characterized according to serotonin transporter genotype (5-HTTLPR), and the effect of genotype on imaging parameters was explored. The current findings highlight the importance of future research to better understand the effects of stress on brain development in multiple regions, including the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and other regions involved in emotion processing. Nonhuman primates provide a powerful model to unravel the mechanisms by which early stress and genetic makeup interact to produce long-term changes in brain development, stress reactivity, and risk for psychiatric disorders.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/patologia , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Corpo Caloso , Hipocampo , Estresse Psicológico/patologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Mapeamento Encefálico , Corpo Caloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Corpo Caloso/patologia , Corpo Caloso/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais , Medo , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Hipocampo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Modelos Lineares , Macaca radiata , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina/genéticaRESUMO
In a previous work we selected montanide ISA720 (M-ISA720) among different adjuvants for the vaccination with a V3 loop based multi-epitope polypeptide TAB9. In this paper we present the evaluation of the toxicity and immunogenicity of this formulation in non-human primates. TAB9 in M-ISA720 was highly immunogenic in macaques (Macaca fascicularis) inducing antibodies against TAB9 in all animals after one inoculation and a strong anamnestic response after booster injections. Furthermore 97% of the V3 peptides included were recognized by TAB9 sera. No differences between doses of 200 microg and 1 mg of TAB9 in M-ISA720 were observed after four immunizations. Neutralizing antibodies against five HIV-1 isolates were detected in most animals. Animals remain healthy throughout the study and did not show lesions at the inoculation site.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Antivirais/biossíntese , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Epitopos Imunodominantes/imunologia , Manitol/análogos & derivados , Ácidos Oleicos/imunologia , Peptídeos/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Sequência Consenso , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Macaca radiata , Manitol/imunologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Testes de Neutralização , ÓleosRESUMO
Twenty six owned monkeys were examined in Andhra Pradesh, India during the period May-July, 1982. The prevalence rate among humans in daily contact with these monkeys was 98.6/1000. None of the monkeys examined had any evidence of current infection with M. leprae but six were in daily contact with individuals who had leprosy. All six of these monkeys were used for begging and had daily physical contact with large numbers of people, particularly children.