RESUMO
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in teleosts and is essential for movement and metabolism. Recently, it has been described that skeletal muscle can express and secrete immune-related molecules during pathogen infection. However, the role of this tissue during infection is poorly understood. To determine the immunocompetence of fish skeletal muscle, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis strain LF-89. P. salmonis is the etiological agent of piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that has caused major economic losses in the aquaculture industry. This gram-negative bacterium produces a chronic systemic infection that involves several organs and tissues in salmonids. Using high-throughput RNA-seq, we found that 60 transcripts were upregulated in skeletal muscle, mostly associated with inflammatory response and positive regulation of interleukin-8 production. Conversely, 141 transcripts were downregulated in association with muscle filament sliding and actin filament-based movement. To validate these results, we performed in vitro experiments using rainbow trout myotubes. In myotubes coincubated with P. salmonis strain LF-89 at an MOI of 50, we found increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine il1b and the pattern recognition receptor tlr5s 8 and 12 h after infection. These results demonstrated that fish skeletal muscle is an immunologically active organ that can implement an early immunological response against P. salmonis.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Músculo Esquelético/imunologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/imunologia , Piscirickettsia/fisiologia , Infecções por Piscirickettsiaceae/imunologia , Transcriptoma , Animais , Aquicultura , Doenças dos Peixes/genética , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/genética , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiologia , Infecções por Piscirickettsiaceae/microbiologiaRESUMO
Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of blackleg, an infectious disease affecting cattle and small ruminants worldwide. This disease can manifest as classical blackleg, a condition in which skeletal muscles are affected and visceral blackleg, which affects the heart, sublingual muscles, and the diaphragm. The pathogenesis of the visceral form of the disease is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to determine and analyze complete genomic sequences of six C. chauvoei strains, five isolates from skeletal muscle and one isolate from a visceral case of blackleg in Brazil, to provide insights into the differences in pathogenic profiles of strains causing the different forms of disease. The full genomes of the six C. chauvoei strains were sequenced and comparative analyses were performed among these genomes and the C. chauvoei reference strain JF4335. The results of this study revealed that the genomes of the C. chauvoei strains analyzed are highly conserved; no particular differences were noted that could be associated with the two different clinical manifestations of the disease.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Clostridium chauvoei/genética , Vísceras/microbiologia , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Clostridium chauvoei/classificação , Clostridium chauvoei/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Bacteriano , Genômica , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dry aging temperatures on the behavior of Listeria innocua used as a surrogate of L. monocytogenes. The process was performed in boneless loin pieces for up to 42â¯days at 2 and 8⯰C. The behavior of L. innocua was influenced by the temperature, aging time, and the water activity of the beef surface (Pâ¯<â¯.05). After 42â¯days, reductions of 2.38 and 3.37 log cfu/g were obtained on the beef surface aged at 2 and 8⯰C, respectively. According to data predicted by the Weibull model, the samples aged at 2⯰C would achieve a 4-log reduction with twice the time required for the process at 8⯰C. After trimming, 66.7% of the samples aged at 2⯰C were positive for L. innocua, whereas at 8⯰C the rate was 33.3%. Therefore, the results showed that the increase of process time and temperature as well by decrease of the aw reduces L. innocua counts.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Listeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carne Vermelha/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Temperatura , Água/químicaRESUMO
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS). This pathogen infects a wide variety of salmonid species during freshwater stages, causing significant losses in the aquaculture industry. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with F. psychrophilum, presents as the main external clinical sign ulcerative lesions and necrotic myositis in skeletal muscle. We previously reported the in vitro cytotoxic activity of F. psychrophilum on rainbow trout myoblast, however little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the in vivo pathogenesis in skeletal muscle. In this study, we examined the transcriptomic profiles of skeletal muscle tissue of rainbow trout intraperitoneally challenged with low infection dose of F. psychrophilum. Using high-throughput RNA-seq, we found that 233 transcripts were up-regulated, mostly associated to ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and apoptosis. Conversely, 189 transcripts were down-regulated, associated to skeletal muscle contraction. This molecular signature was consistent with creatine kinase activity in plasma and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the increased caspase activity suggests as a whole skeletal muscle atrophy induced by F. psychrophilum. This study offers an integrative analysis of the skeletal muscle response to F. psychrophilum infection and reveals unknown aspects of its pathogenesis in rainbow trout.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/genética , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinária , Flavobacterium/fisiologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/genética , Transcriptoma , Animais , Aquicultura , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/genética , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/patologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiologiaRESUMO
Acute pyomyositis is a suppurative infection of the skeletal muscle. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent etiological agent. Cases produced by Streptococcus pyogenes are uncommon. The most usual locations are quadriceps, buttocks and iliopsoas. The involvement of the piriformis muscle is very exceptional. We present the case of a previously healthy 8-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital for acute pyomyositis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes located in the piriformis muscle. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of antibiotic treatment allowed the conservative management of the condition, and surgery was not necessary. The evolution was satisfactory without sequels.
La piomiositis aguda es una infección supurativa del músculo esquelético. El agente etiológico más frecuente es Staphylococcus aureus, y son infrecuentes los casos producidos por Streptococcus pyogenes. Las localizaciones más habituales son cuádriceps, glúteos e iliopsoas; es excepcional la afectación del músculo piriforme. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 8 años, previamente sano, que fue ingresado en nuestro hospital por una piomiositis aguda por Streptococcus pyogenes localizada en el músculo piriforme. El diagnóstico y el inicio precoz del tratamiento antibiótico permitieron el manejo conservador del cuadro y no fue necesaria la cirugía. La evolución fue satisfactoria y no presentó secuelas.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Piomiosite/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Piomiosite/tratamento farmacológico , Piomiosite/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), which cause significant worldwide losses in aquaculture. Juvenile rainbow trout are particularly susceptible to F. psychrophilum infection, the main external clinical signs of which are extensive necrotic myositis and ulcerative lesions. Despite the economic relevance of this pathogen in aquaculture, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying F. psychrophilum infection and pathogenesis. In this study, cultured skeletal muscle cells from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were co-incubated with the virulent strain of F. psychrophilum JIP02/86 (ATCC 49511). Trypan blue exclusion analysis at 48h post-incubation revealed decreased cellular viability. Direct bacteria-myoblast contact was found a key factor in inducing F. psychrophilum cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was characterized by nuclear DNA fragmentation, decreased plasma membrane integrity, increased caspase activity, and the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Moreover, bacterial infection induced an early inhibition of NF-κB signaling, as well as a differential expression of the pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, bax and bcl-2. These findings suggest that F. psychrophilum induces rainbow trout muscle apoptosis through the modulation of the NF-κB signaling as a mechanism for nutrient acquisition and survival.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinária , Flavobacterium/fisiologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiologia , Animais , Apoptose , Aquicultura , Sobrevivência Celular , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Mioblastos/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antibiotic residues found in the muscle of cage-farm-raised Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus), the occurrence of resistant bacteria, and the sanitary practices adopted by farmers in Ilha Solteira reservoir, Brazil. Nine fish (three small fish, 40-200 g; three medium-sized fish, 200-500 g; and three large fish, 500-800 g) were collected from four cage farms every three months from April 2013 to January 2014. Ten antibiotic residues were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and bacteria were isolated and tested for antibiotic resistance to determine the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index. Only three antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and florfenicol) were detected in the muscle of Nile tilapia, and their residues were the highest in small fish; however, the MAR index was higher in large fish. In addition, a direct positive relationship between the MAR index and the concentration of antibiotic residues in Nile tilapia was found. Overall, the adoption of prophylactic management practices improved the sanitary status of cage farms, reducing bacterial infections and hampering the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/análise , Aquicultura , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclídeos/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Animais , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Fazendas , Músculo Esquelético/química , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Oxitetraciclina/análise , Tetraciclina/análiseRESUMO
A microsporidian infecting the skeletal muscle of hybrid jundiara (Leiarius marmoratus × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) in a commercial aquaculture facility in Brazil is described. Affected fish exhibited massive infections in the skeletal muscle that were characterized by large opaque foci throughout the affected fillets. Histologically, skeletal muscle was replaced by inflammatory cells and masses of microsporidial developmental stages. Generally pyriform spores had a wrinkled bi-layer spore wall and measured 4·0 × 6·0 µm. Multinucleate meronts surrounded by a simple plasma membrane were observed. The polar filament had an external membrane and a central electron dense mass. The development of sporoblasts within a sporophorous vesicle appeared synchronized. Ultrastructural observations and molecular analysis of 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the microsporidian was Pleistophora hyphessobryconis. This study is the first report of a P. hyphessobryconis infection in a non-ornamental fish.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/microbiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Microsporidiose/veterinária , Pleistophora/classificação , Animais , Aquicultura , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Quimera , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Microsporidiose/microbiologia , Microsporidiose/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Filogenia , Pleistophora/genética , Pleistophora/isolamento & purificação , Pleistophora/ultraestrutura , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
Paravertebral abscesses are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and often affect older people with diabetes mellitus or immunosuppression. We report a huge lumbar abscess caused by Escherichia coli in an 81-year-old woman with diabetes and melanoma metastasis. Lumbar vertebra and surrounding soft tissues were involved by the Gram-negative infection, and imaging features were indicative of malignant condition. Diagnosis was established by images of magnetic resonance, histopathology, and bacterial culture from abscess fluid. This condition poses diagnosis challenges and seems to be increasing in frequency. Reports of case studies might enhance the suspicion index of primary care physicians about this entity.
Assuntos
Abscesso/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Melanoma/complicações , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Abscesso/complicações , Abscesso/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Região Lombossacral , Melanoma/secundário , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Transferência de Pacientes , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Pyomyositis is the bacterial infection of skeletal muscle, usually accompanied by abscesses. The main etiologic agent is Staphylococcus aureus. There are rare cases attributed to Streptococcus pneumoniae. This paper presents an autopsy of a four year old child with multiple congenital intramuscular hemangiomas that developed pneumococcal pyomyositis associated with meningitis. The authors propose the hypothesis that patients with hemangiomas, mainly the intramuscular type, may also represent a risk group for pyomyositis. The possibility of respiratory/meningeal co-infection, might also be considered even if the clinical picture is restricted to the muscular system.
Assuntos
Hemangioma/microbiologia , Meningite Pneumocócica/complicações , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/complicações , Piomiosite/complicações , Autopsia , Pré-Escolar , Hemangioma/congênito , HumanosRESUMO
Vibrio ordalii is the causative agent of atypical vibriosis and has the potential to cause severe losses in salmonid aquaculture. To prevent and control outbreaks, a rapid, reproducible, sensitive, and effective diagnostic method is needed. We evaluated a new conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol using a primer set (VohB_Fw-VohB_Rv) designed to amplify a 112 bp fragment flanking the vohB gene (coding for hemolysin production), against 24 V. ordalii strains isolated from different fish species, the V. ordalii type strain, and 42 representative related and unrelated bacterial species. The primer set was species-specific, recognizing all V. ordalii strains evaluated, with no cross-reaction with the other bacterial species. A sensitivity of 103 copies of the vohB gene was obtained with a standard curve. When the VohB_Fw-VohB_Rv qPCR protocol was applied to Atlantic salmon seeded tissues (kidney, liver, spleen, and muscle), the detection limit ranged from 5.27 × 102 to 4.13 × 103 V. ordalii CFU ml-1, i.e. 62 to 145 copies of the vohB gene, using the previously calculated standard curve. The conventional PCR also detected V. ordalii, but the total reaction time was 1 h longer. When the qPCR protocol was applied to naturally infected cage-cultured Atlantic salmon samples, 5 of 8 fish tested positive for V. ordalii, but only one of them was diagnosed as positive by direct cultivation on agar. We conclude that the PCR protocol evaluated is fast, specific, and sensitive enough to detect V. ordalii in infected tissues and is an important tool for secure diagnosis of atypical vibriosis, and is therefore helpful for the control of the disease through the prompt detection within fish populations.
Assuntos
Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Vibrio/classificação , Vibrio/genética , Animais , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Rim/microbiologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Salmo salar , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Baço/microbiologia , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
Several studies with animal models have demonstrated that bioequivalence of generic products of antibiotics like vancomycin, as currently defined, do not guarantee therapeutic equivalence. However, the amounts and characteristics of impurities and degradation products in these formulations do not violate the requirements of the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Here, we provide experimental data with three generic products of meropenem that help in understanding how these apparently insignificant chemical differences affect the in vivo efficacy. Meropenem generics were compared with the innovator in vitro by microbiological assay, susceptibility testing, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis and in vivo with the neutropenic guinea pig soleus infection model (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the neutropenic mouse thigh (P. aeruginosa), brain (P. aeruginosa), and lung (Klebisella pneumoniae) infection models, adding the dihydropeptidase I (DHP-I) inhibitor cilastatin in different proportions to the carbapenem. We found that the concentration and potency of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, in vitro susceptibility testing, and mouse pharmacokinetics were identical for all products; however, two generics differed significantly from the innovator in the guinea pig and mouse models, while the third generic was therapeutically equivalent under all conditions. Trisodium adducts in a bioequivalent generic made it more susceptible to DHP-I hydrolysis and less stable at room temperature, explaining its therapeutic nonequivalence. We conclude that the therapeutic nonequivalence of generic products of meropenem is due to greater susceptibility to DHP-I hydrolysis. These failing generics are compliant with USP requirements and would remain undetectable under current regulations.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Dipeptidases/metabolismo , Medicamentos Genéricos/farmacocinética , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Tienamicinas/farmacocinética , Animais , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Cilastatina/farmacologia , Dipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Genéricos/metabolismo , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/metabolismo , Cobaias , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/fisiologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/microbiologia , Meropeném , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologia , Equivalência Terapêutica , Tienamicinas/metabolismo , Coxa da Perna/microbiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of detection of Trichinella spiralis in swine meat using Middle Infrared Spectroscopy Fourier Transform with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (MID-FTIR-ATR-SIMCA). Five male Pigs were orally infected at different larvae concentrations (13,000, 6500, 3500, 1625, 812 larvae/pig) and after 24 weeks the animals were euthanized. Five types of muscles were studied (leg, loin, rib, masseter, and diaphragm). Results showed that MID-FTIR-ATR-SIMCA was useful to determine the presence of T. spiralis in the samples, as the interclass distance between infected and non infected muscles varied from 13.5 to 36.8. This technique was also useful to discriminate among pig muscles, where masseter showed the largest interclass distance, while rib presented the smallest one. In all cases the recognition and rejection rates were 100%, which means that the methodology is capable of accurately separating T. spiralis infected from non infected swine meat.
Assuntos
Microbiologia de Alimentos , Carne/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Trichinella spiralis , Triquinelose/microbiologia , Animais , Masculino , SuínosRESUMO
A multiplex (m-)PCR-based protocol was designed for the simultaneous detection of the main marine bacterial pathogens in Chilean salmon farms: Streptococcus phocae, Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Piscirickettsia salmonis. Each of the 4 oligonucleotide primer pairs exclusively amplified the target gene of the specific bacterial pathogen. The detection limit of the m-PCR using purified total bacterial DNA was 50 pg microl(-1) for V anguillarum, 500 fg microl(-1) for P. salmonis, and 5 pg microl(-1) for S. phocae and A. salmonicida. This corresponded to average limits in the m-PCR sensitivity of 3.69 x 10(5) CFU ml(-1) of V anguillarum, 1.26 x 10(4) CFU m(-1) of S. phocae, and 5.33 x 10(4) CFU ml(-1) of A. salmonicida, while the detection limits for the spiked fish tissues, regardless of the sample (spleen, kidney, liver or muscle) were 2.64 +/- 0.54 x 10(7) CFU g(-1) for V. anguillarum, 9.03 +/- 1.84 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) for S. phocae, 3.8 +/- 0.78 x 10(3) CFU mg(-1) for A. salmonicida and 100 P. salmonis cells. However, high amounts of DNA from 3 bacterial species had a reduction of -1 log-unit on the amplification sensitivity of S. phocae or A. salmonicida when these were present in lower concentration in the multiplex reaction. The assay described in this study is a rapid, sensitive and efficient tool to detect the presence of S. phocae, A. salmonicida, V. anguillarum and P. salmonis simultaneously from pure cultures and tissues from clinically diseased fish. Therefore, it may be a useful alternative to culture-based methods for the diagnosis of infections in fish obtained from Chilean salmon farms.
Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Chile , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Rim/microbiologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Salmo salar , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Baço/microbiologiaRESUMO
A new species of a microsporidium found in the freshwater teleost Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni, collected on the lower Amazon River, is described based on light, ultrastructural, and phylogenetic studies. This parasite develops in the skeletal muscle of the abdominal cavity, forming whitish cyst-like structures containing numerous spores. Mature spores, lightly pyriform to ellipsoidal with rounded ends and measuring 4.25 ± 0.38 × 2.37 ± 0.42 µm (n â=â 30), were observed. The spore wall, which measured about 102 nm, was composed of 2 layers with approximately the same thickness. The isofilar polar filament was coiled, with 9-10 (rarely 8) turns. The posterior vacuole appeared as a pale area, occupying about 1/3 of the spore length, and contained a spherical posterosome composed of granular material that was denser at the periphery. The myofibrils located near the spores appeared to be in advanced degradation. Molecular analysis of the rRNA genes, including the ITS region, and phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Baysesian inference were performed. The ultrastructural characteristics of the spores and the phylogenetic data strongly suggested that it is a new species related to Kabatana, Microgemma, Potaspora, Spraguea, and Tetramicra. We named this new microsporidian from Amazonian fauna as Kabatana rondoni n. sp.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Gimnotiformes/microbiologia , Microsporídios/classificação , Microsporidiose/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Fúngico/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Água Doce , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/veterinária , Microsporídios/genética , Microsporídios/ultraestrutura , Microsporidiose/epidemiologia , Microsporidiose/microbiologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Prevalência , Alinhamento de Sequência , Esporos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Esporos Fúngicos/fisiologia , Esporos Fúngicos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Argentina has the highest incidence of HUS in the world. HUS is produced by STEC O157 and non-O157. Cattle's faeces and hides are sources of STEC contamination of carcasses during slaughter. We investigated the presence of STEC in carcasses and cuts of meat in the marketing chain in an agricultural city located in Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). In this study, the detection of the stx gene was used as an indicator of carriage of meat with STEC. In carcasses, we detected 12.34% and 18.64% of STEC at the slaughter and sanitary control cabin (place where carcasses arrive from slaughters located outside the city), respectively. These percentages increased at butcheries (24.52%). The 25% of retail beef cuts were STEC-positive with significant differences among the different cuts of meat (chuck: 12.12%, rump roast: 12.12% and minced beef: 40.74%). The stx2 gene was the predominant gene detected in all samples at different levels of the commercialization meat chain.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Carne/microbiologia , Toxina Shiga II/genética , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/isolamento & purificação , Matadouros/normas , Animais , Argentina , Cadáver , Bovinos , Genes Bacterianos , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica/genéticaRESUMO
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of acute-phase proteins, recognized as important effectors of innate immunity in higher vertebrates. Under pro-inflammatory conditions, up-regulation of saa transcripts occurs not only in the liver, but also in several extrahepatic tissues of a wide variety of vertebrates. SAA is also known as the precursor to amyloid A (AA), a major component of amyloid fibrils deposited in liver, kidney and spleen of humans suffering chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we show the up-regulation of saa transcription in lesions affecting skin, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rainbow trout naturally and experimentally infected with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of cold water disease (CWD). Using an antiserum against a trout acute SAA peptide that was previously shown to specifically recognize intact recombinant trout SAA and peptides derived from it, we showed by confocal microscopy analysis extensive colocalization of SAA and thioflavin T (ThT) staining in the skeletal muscle fibers of infected fish, suggesting for the first time the presence of AA-derived aggregates in the skeletal muscle of a lower vertebrate. These findings support the idea that SAA and/or its derivatives could constitute relevant markers for fish health and also for fish meat quality control.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinária , Flavobacterium/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/genética , Amiloide/biossíntese , Amiloide/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/genética , Doenças dos Peixes/metabolismo , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/imunologia , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Microscopia Confocal/veterinária , Microscopia de Fluorescência/veterinária , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/biossíntese , Proteína Amiloide A Sérica/isolamento & purificação , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Paralingual Space is a region located on the floor of the oral cavity. The cavity has great importance in communications and for the spread of infectious diseases. This study investigated the level of dissemination of 0.2 ml of an oily pigment solution, into paralingual space of 20 heads of male Sprague Dawley rats. The results can be seen by the spread of the solution in the three segments of paralingual space, being higher in the middle third of the region, although the differences were not significant (p<0.05). With these observations, the discussion is about the possibility that an infection may spread into paralingual space opposite the muscles of the medial wall of this space.
El espacio paralingual es una región ubicada en el piso de la cavidad oral con comunicaciones de gran importancia para la difusión de procesos infecciosos. El presente estudio investigó el nivel de difusión de 0,2 ml de una solución oleosa pigmentada, hacia el espacio paralingual opuesto en 20 cabezas de ratas Sprague Dawley. En los resultados obtenidos se observa la difusión de la solución en los tres segmentos del espacio paralingual, siendo mayor en el tercio medio de la región, aunque las diferencias no resultaron significativas (p<0,05). Con estas observaciones se discute acerca de la posibilidad de que un proceso infeccioso pueda difundir hacia el espacio paralingual opuesto a través de la musculatura de la pared medial del espacio.