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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of disciplinary actions by regulatory councils and unprofessional behaviour during medical graduation. METHODS: A search strategy was developed using the terms: 'physicians', 'disciplinary action', 'education', 'medical', 'undergraduate' and their synonyms, subsequently applied to the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACs and grey literature, with searches up to November 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan software. RESULTS: A total of 400 studies were found in the databases, and 15 studies were selected for full-texting reading. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included, bringing together a total of 3341 evaluated physicians. Three studies were included in the meta-analysis, showing a greater chance of disciplinary actions among physicians who exhibited unprofessional behaviour during medical graduation (OR: 2.54; 95%CI: 1.87-3.44; I2: 0%; P < 0.0001; 3077 participants; physicians with disciplinary action: 107/323; control physicians: 222/2754). CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant association between unprofessional behaviour during medical undergraduate study and subsequent disciplinary actions by Medical Councils. The tools for periodic assessments of student behaviour during undergraduate studies can be a perspective for future studies aimed at reducing disciplinary actions among physicians.

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Treatment of complications resulting from induced abortion may be hampered by discriminatory attitudes manifested by healthcare professionals in hospitals and abortion services. This article retrieved stories of institutional abuse directed at women who had an induced abortion in illegal and unsafe conditions. Seventy-eight women admitted to a public hospital in Teresina for complications after an induced abortion were interviewed. A semi-structured script was used with questions about practices and itineraries of abortion and institutional violence during hospitalization. Discriminatory practices and maltreatment during care were reported by 26 women, especially among those who confessed to induction of the abortion. Moral judgement, threat of filing a complaint to the police, negligence in the control of pain, long wait for uterine curettage, and hospitalization with mothers who have recently given birth were the main types of institutional violence reported by women. Cases of institutional violence in the care of induced abortion violates the duty of the healthcare service and prevents women from receiving the necessary health care.

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Resumo O tratamento das complicações do aborto provocado pode ser dificultado por atitudes de discriminação praticadas por profissionais de saúde nos hospitais e serviços de aborto. Este artigo recuperou histórias de violência institucional entre mulheres que provocaram o aborto em condições ilegais e inseguras. Foram entrevistadas 78 mulheres internadas em um hospital público de referência em Teresina por complicações do aborto provocado. Utilizou-se roteiro semiestruturado com perguntas sobre práticas e itinerários de aborto e violência institucional durante a internação. Práticas discriminatórias e de maus-tratos durante a assistência foram relatadas por 26 mulheres, principalmente entre aquelas que confessaram a indução do aborto. Julgamento moral, ameaças de denúncia à polícia, negligência no controle da dor, longa espera pela curetagem uterina e internação conjunta com puérperas foram os principais tipos de violência institucional narrados. As práticas de violência institucional na assistência ao aborto provocado violam o dever de acolhimento do serviço de saúde e impedem que as mulheres tenham suas necessidades de saúde atendidas.

Abstract Treatment of complications resulting from induced abortion may be hampered by discriminatory attitudes manifested by healthcare professionals in hospitals and abortion services. This article retrieved stories of institutional abuse directed at women who had an induced abortion in illegal and unsafe conditions. Seventy-eight women admitted to a public hospital in Teresina for complications after an induced abortion were interviewed. A semi-structured script was used with questions about practices and itineraries of abortion and institutional violence during hospitalization. Discriminatory practices and maltreatment during care were reported by 26 women, especially among those who confessed to induction of the abortion. Moral judgement, threat of filing a complaint to the police, negligence in the control of pain, long wait for uterine curettage, and hospitalization with mothers who have recently given birth were the main types of institutional violence reported by women. Cases of institutional violence in the care of induced abortion violates the duty of the healthcare service and prevents women from receiving the necessary health care.

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BACKGROUND: Research among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in the USA and Mexico has identified a range of adverse health impacts associated with policing of PWIDs. We employed a mixed methods design to investigate how PWIDs from San Diego and Mexico experienced policing in Tijuana, and how these interactions affect PWIDs behavior, stratifying by country of origin. METHODS: In 2012-2014, 575 PWIDs in San Diego, 102 of whom had used drugs in Mexico in the past six months, were enrolled in the STAHR-II study, with qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of 20 who had recently injected drugs in Mexico. During this period, 735 PWIDs in Tijuana were also enrolled in the El Cuete-IV study, with qualitative interviews conducted with a subsample of 20 recently stopped by police. We calculated descriptive statistics for quantitative variables and conducted thematic analysis of qualitative transcripts. Integration of these data involved comparing frequencies across cohorts and using qualitative themes to explain and explore findings. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of San Diego-based participants had been recently stopped by law enforcement officers (LEOs) in Mexico; 53% reported it was somewhat or very likely that they would be arrested while in Mexico because they look like a drug user. Ninety percent of Tijuana-based participants had been recently stopped by LEOs; 84% reported it was somewhat or very likely they could get arrested because they look like a drug user. Participants in both cohorts described bribery and targeting by LEOs in Mexico. However, most San Diego-based participants described compliance with bribery as a safeguard against arrest and detention, with mistreatment being rare. Tijuana-based participants described being routinely targeted by LEOs, were frequently detained, and reported instances of sexual and physical violence. Tijuana-based participants described modifying how, where, and with whom they injected drugs in response; and experienced feelings of stress, anxiety, and powerlessness. This was less common among San Diego-based participants, who mostly attempted to avoid contact with LEOs in Mexico while engaging in risky injection behavior. CONCLUSION: Experiences of discrimination and stigma were reported by a larger proportion of PWIDs living in Mexico, suggesting that they may be subject to greater health harms related to policing practices compared with those residing in the USA. Our findings reinforce the importance of efforts to curb abuse and align policing practices with public health goals in both the US and Mexico.

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Mistreatment of medical students is an international problem that has been reported for decades in different countries, but its conceptualization and registration form are very heterogeneous. This review aims to identify the main features of this mistreatment from a systematic analysis of the literature published between 1980 and 2016. Using databases, 118 published papers were obtained under the selected criteria. Most widely accepted definitions are presented and structuring of the following categories: directionality, types, perpetrators, scenarios, vulnerable groups, consequences, complaints, and the way they justify mistreatment. Concluding, in order to bring down abuse in medical students, it is proposed to replace the verticality and submission by teamwork and collaboration among all, and promote strategies of complaint and admonition of the perpetrator.

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Medical students, subject to unique challenges and stressors, frequently engage in misconduct. In this observational study, carried out in a medical school in Colombia, we developed a survey to explore the association between misconduct and stress, potential stressors and other possible contributing factors, such as sex, age and academic year. Of the 433 students that responded to our survey, 97.9% did not fully disagree with at least one of the mentioned misconducts and 99.8% admitted to at least one transgression. Based on a scale we developed, 61.4% of the students consistently agreed with misconduct and 44.9% frequently engaged in misconduct. A logistic regression model suggests that being male (OR 1.90, CI 95% 1.27-2.84) and stress (OR 1.04, CI 95% 1.01-1.06) may increase the likelihood of misconduct. In a subgroup of students, excluding those in their last year of studies, higher academic semester (OR 1.25, CI 95%: 1.10-1.42) may also be a risk factor for misconduct. Most of the observed variation in the data, however, is not explained by these factors. Other modifiers, such as student personality and sub-culture, may play a greater role in determining misconduct. The proportion of medical students that engage in misconduct is very high and warrants the attention of the medical education community.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze, from the perspective of Bioethics, the characteristics of the ethical professional processes of physicians sentenced to have their license revoked in the State of São Paulo. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of 41 Ethical Professional Processes of the Regional Board of Medicine of the State of São Paulo which resulted in the revocation of the medical license of 45 physicians, between January, 1988 and December, 2004. All processes were judged by the Federal Board of Medicine. The following variables were collected: origin of accusation, place of occurrence of the facts and time between acknowledgement of the facts and final decision taken by the Federal Board of Medicine, penalty of the Federal Board of Medicine and decision by the Federal Justice. RESULTS: The higher frequency of claims (33.3%) were made through an ex-officio action by the Board, 75.5% of the facts occurred in private institutions and the time between acknowledgement of the facts and the final decision taken by the Federal Board of Medicine was of 8 years and 4 months. Revocation of the medical license was refereed by the Federal Board of Medicine for 25 physicians (55.5%). Of these, 11 physicians appealed and 5 obtained from the Federal Justice annulment of the decisions by the Federal Board of Medicine. CONCLUSION: Under the perspective of Bioethics, revocation of the medical license is necessary for the protection of patients. The patients' vulnerability was the ethical reference of the Board. Teaching and education of Bioethics must necessarily be an important part of medical graduation and post-graduation, however Bioethics must be disseminated (and put into practice) in all segments of society for the purpose of preserving human dignity.

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OBJETIVO: Analisar, sob o olhar da Bioética, as características dos processos ético-profissionais dos médicos condenados à cassação do exercício profissional no Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo de 41 processos ético-profissionais que resultaram em cassação do exercício profissional de 45 médicos no período de janeiro de 1988 a dezembro de 2004. Todos os processos foram julgados pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: origem das denúncias, local de ocorrência dos fatos, tempo decorrido do protocolo da denúncia no Conselho Regional até a decisão final no Conselho Federal de Medicina, penalidade aplicada pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina e decisão judicial, quando impetrada. RESULTADOS: A maior freqüência da origem das denúncias foi a ação ex-officio do Conselho Regional (33,3 por cento), 75,5 por cento dos fatos denunciados ocorreram em instituições privadas; o tempo decorrido até a decisão final no Conselho Federal de Medicina foi em média de oito anos e quatro meses. A decisão de cassação do exercício profissional pelo Conselho Regional foi referendada pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina para 25 médicos (55,5 por cento).Onze profissionais impetraram mandados de segurança na Justiça Federal. Destes, cinco obtiveram a anulação da decisão de cassação do exercício profissional. CONCLUSÃO: Do ponto de vista Bioético, a punição do médico, excluindo-o da atividade profissional é sustentável e necessária para a proteção de seus eventuais pacientes. A vulnerabilidade dos pacientes especificamente, e a sua dignidade, são os referenciais básicos da ação dos Conselhos. Há que se cuidar da formação bioética do médico, através da reflexão e discussão em todo seu processo de formação e aperfeiçoamento, porém, devemos difundir (e aplicar) a bioética em todos os segmentos da sociedade, objetivando sempre a dignidade do ser humano.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze, from the perspective of Bioethics, the characteristics of the ethical professional processes of physicians sentenced to have their license revoked in the State of São Paulo. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of 41 Ethical Professional Processes of the Regional Board of Medicine of the State of São Paulo which resulted in the revocation of the medical license of 45 physicians, between January, 1988 and December, 2004. All processes were judged by the Federal Board of Medicine. The following variables were collected: origin of accusation, place of occurrence of the facts and time between acknowledgement of the facts and final decision taken by the Federal Board of Medicine, penalty of the Federal Board of Medicine and decision by the Federal Justice. RESULTS: The higher frequency of claims (33.3 percent) were made through an ex-officio action by the Board, 75.5 percent of the facts occurred in private institutions and the time between acknowledgement of the facts and the final decision taken by the Federal Board of Medicine was of 8 years and 4 months. Revocation of the medical license was refereed by the Federal Board of Medicine for 25 physicians (55.5 percent). Of these, 11 physicians appealed and 5 obtained from the Federal Justice annulment of the decisions by the Federal Board of Medicine. CONCLUSION: Under the perspective of Bioethics, revocation of the medical license is necessary for the protection of patients. The patients' vulnerability was the ethical reference of the Board. Teaching and education of Bioethics must necessarily be an important part of medical graduation and post-graduation, however Bioethics must be disseminated (and put into practice) in all segments of society for the purpose of preserving human dignity.

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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the number of ethical and professional complaints involving obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) and the profile of the physicians denounced. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of all 4,138 ethical and professional complaints registered at the medical board of the state of São Paulo between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2004. The following variables were collected: number of complaints involving OBGYNs, number of OBGYNS involved gender and age (< 30, 31 to 45, 46 to 60, > 60 years) of the physicians denounced, number of involved physicians with residence training (RT) and with specialist certificates (TEGO). The last four variables were compared with a control group of 8,466 OBGYNs practicing in the state of São Paulo who were not denounced to the state medical board. Data collected was submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 503 complaints (12.16%) involved OBGYNs and 781 OBGYNs were denounced. The majority of these physicians were male (599, 76.70%). Regardless of their gender, most physicians denounced (505, 64.66%) were under 45 years of age. Most of the OBGYNs denounced had no residence training (487, 62.36%) and were not board certified specialists (572, 73.24%). Other relevant variables were analyzed and will be presented in future publications. CONCLUSIONS: Between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2004, 4,138 formal complaints were registered at the medical board of the state of São Paulo A total of 503 complaints (12.16%) involved Obstetrics and Gynecology and 781 OBGYNs were denounced. The typical profile of the physicians denounced was: male, under 45 years of age, without residence training and with no specialist certificate. This study was the first of a series involving the complex investigation of OBGYNs involved in ethical or professional complaints. These preliminary results pointed out deficiencies and important information that probably will be useful for the implementation of actions to improve the practice of obstetrics and gynecology and consequently reduce the number of complaints.

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OBJETIVO: Quantificar o número de processos ético-profissionais abertos e o de médicos denunciados na área em que a especialidade Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (GO) foi envolvida e identificar o perfil desses médicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo. Dos 4.138 processos instaurados no período de 01/01/1994 a 31/12/2004 e na abrangência do Estado de São Paulo, foram estudadas as seguintes variáveis: número de processos instaurados na área de GO, número de médicos denunciados que exercem GO, sexo, faixa etária (menor ou igual a 30; 31 até 45; 46 até 60; e maior de 60 anos), curso de residência médica (RM) credenciado pelo Ministério da Educação e Título de Especialista (TEGO) obtido por concurso. As variáveis sexo, faixa etária, curso de RM e TEGO foram comparadas com um grupo de referência de médicos não denunciados, que exercem GO no Estado de São Paulo, constituído por 8.466 associados. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Foi constatado que 503 processos (12,16 por cento) estavam relacionados ao exercício da GO e envolveram 781 médicos denunciados que exercem GO. Ficou demonstrado que 599 médicos (76,7 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e que 505 profissionais denunciados (64,66 por cento) tinham até 45 anos de idade, independentemente do sexo. Foi observado que 487 médicos denunciados (62,36 por cento) não cursaram RM e 572 (73,24 por cento) não eram portadores do TEGO. Outras importantes variáveis foram estudadas e serão publicadas posteriormente. CONCLUSÕES:Foram instaurados 4.138 processos disciplinares contra os médicos, na abrangência do Estado de São Paulo, no período de 01/01/1994 a 31/12/2004, dos quais 503 (12,16 por cento) estavam relacionados ao exercício da Ginecologia e Obstetrícia e envolveram 781 médicos denunciados que exercem a especialidade. Os médicos denunciados revelaram-se, predominantemente, do sexo masculino, jovens de até 45 anos de idade, que não cursaram residência médica e não obtiveram Título de Especialista. Este trabalho é o início de uma linha de investigação complexa de médicos denunciados que exercem GO. Trouxe informações e apontou deficiências que, muito provavelmente, irão contribuir para a adoção de medidas para aprimorar a prática da especialidade e, conseqüentemente, diminuir o número de denúncias.

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UNLABELLED: The misuse of alcohol and drugs among physicians is a common cause of malpractice, absenteeism and complaints to the Medical Councils. This problem demands more attention, because it entails risks to the population and to the physicians themselves. AIMS: To describe the clinical and demographic profile of a sample of physicians in treatment for alcohol and drug dependence also to evaluate psychiatric comorbidity and consumption-related consequences. METHODS: Data was collected from a sample of 198 physicians attending outpatient treatment by a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. RESULTS: Most of the subjects were men (87.8%), married (60.1%), with a mean age of 39.4 years (S.D. =10.7). Sixty-six per cent had already been in inpatient treatment for alcohol and drug misuse. Sixty-nine per cent were specialists practicing mainly: internal medicine, anaesthesiology and surgery. Psychiatric comorbidity was diagnosed in 27.7% for DSM-IV Axis I and in 6% for DSM-V Axis II. With regard to drugs the most frequent pattern was use of alcohol and drugs (36.8%), followed by exclusive use of alcohol (34.3%) and exclusive use of drugs (28.3%). It was observed that the mean interval between the identification of misuse of substances and the seeking of treatment was of 3.7 years. Thirty per cent tried to achieve treatment by themselves. The social and legal problems observed were: unemployment in the previous year (1/3 of the sample), marital problems and divorce (52%), car accidents (42%), legal problems (19%). 84.8% presented professional problems and 8.5% had problems within the Medical Councils. CONCLUSION: The researchers suggest supportive and preventive attitudes for this matter.

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OBJETIVO: Traçar o perfil clínico e demográfico de uma amostra de médicos em tratamento por dependência química, avaliar comorbidades psiquiátricas e conseqüências associadas ao consumo. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados dados de 198 médicos em tratamento ambulatorial por uso nocivo e dependência química, através de questionário elaborado pelos autores. RESULTADOS: A maioria de indivíduos foi do sexo masculino (87,8 por cento), casados (60,1 por cento), com idade média de 39,4 anos (desvio padrão=10,7 anos). Sessenta e seis por cento já tinham sido internados por causa do uso de álcool e/ou drogas. Setenta e nove por cento possuía residência médica e as especialidades mais envolvidas foram: clínica médica, anestesiologia e cirurgia. Comorbidade psiquiátrica foi diagnosticada em 27,7 por cento (Eixo I do DSM-IV)¹ e em 6 por cento (Eixo II do DSM-IV)¹. Quanto às substâncias consumidas, o mais freqüente foi uso associado de álcool e drogas (36,8 por cento), seguido por uso isolado de álcool (34,3 por cento) e uso isolado de drogas (28,3 por cento). Observou-se o intervalo de 3,7 anos em média entre a identificação do uso problemático de substâncias e a procura de tratamento. Quanto à busca por tratamento, 30,3 por cento o fizeram voluntariamente. Quanto aos problemas sociais e legais observou-se: desemprego no ano anterior em quase 1/3 da amostra; problemas no casamento ou separação (52 por cento), envolvimento em acidentes automobilísticos (42 por cento), problemas jurídicos (19 por cento), problemas profissionais (84,8 por cento) e 8,5 por cento tiveram problemas junto aos Conselhos Regionais de Medicina. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores recomendam medidas assistenciais e preventivas para o problema.

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