RESUMO
Lubricants play a pivotal role in human reproductive health, particularly concerning their impact on sperm parameters. In this systematic review, we assess the implications of both synthetic and natural or organic lubricants on sperm health and fertility, based on a compilation of 20 distinct studies. Synthetic lubricants, including K-Y Jelly, Replens, and Astroglide, predominantly containing ingredients like methylparaben and glycerin, have been linked to detrimental effects on sperm motility and chromatin integrity. Chemical characteristics, notably osmolality and pH, are central to understanding these effects. Despite the World Health Organization's osmolality recommendation of 380 mOsm/kg, many commercial products surpass this. Natural solutions offer varied results, while olive oil exhibits unfavorable effects on sperm health, egg white proves non-toxic, potentially benefitting sperm health. Conversely, Pre-Seed, widely endorsed in the research community, generally demonstrates minimal adverse impact on sperm. The review highlights the significance of lubricant selection in evidence-based reproductive strategies.
Assuntos
Lubrificantes , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides , Lubrificantes/toxicidade , Masculino , Humanos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilidade/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Lubricant oils are among oil-based products that are not fully consumed during its use, thereby producing non-biodegradable residues which can cause contamination of natural systems. This study evaluated the toxicity of new and used lubricating oil (0.01 and 0.1 mL L-1) in adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), by assessing the effects on oxidative stress, biotransformation enzymes (liver and gills), and histopathological alterations on hepatic and pancreatic tissues after 3 and 7 days of exposure. Results showed that 3-days exposure to 0.1 mL L-1 of used and new lubricating oil increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver of O. niloticus, respectively. In gills, catalase (CAT) was decreased in fish exposed to 0.1 mL L-1 of non-used oil after 3 days, but pronounced increases in CAT was detected after 7 days-exposure to both new and used oil. Shorter exposure to both concentrations of new and used oil also raised glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST) in gills. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) was induced in liver of fish exposed to 0.1 mL L-1of used oil after 3 and 7 days, however a reduced response of this enzyme was detected in gills of animals from both oil treatments. In vitro analysis showed that hepatic EROD was inhibited by lubricating oil exposures, with more pronounced responses in treatments containing used oil. Hepatic lesions, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclei abnormally, changes in hepatocytes shape, steatosis, cholestasis, eosinophilic inclusions and necrosis were mainly increased by 7 days exposure to used lubricating oil at higher concentration.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/fisiologia , Gasolina/toxicidade , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Lubrificantes/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Automóveis , Biotransformação/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/genética , Catalase/metabolismo , Ciclídeos/genética , Ciclídeos/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/patologia , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental behavior of different types of automotive lubricant oils. Based on respirometry assays the biodegradability was monitored, and toxicological tests were executed to assess the lubricants toxicity before and after microbial activity. Used oil was the most biodegradable, however, it was the most toxic. Also, all lubricants presented toxicity even after biodegradation due to 40% Eruca sativa germination inhibition and a low LC50 to Eisenia foetida (0.50-0.25 mL). Moreover, used automotive lubricants have a high toxicity because of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentration that establishes them as a potential carcinogen.