Assuntos
Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/história , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/história , Psiquiatria/história , Animais , Depressão/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Literatura Moderna/história , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Studies to identify possible relations between artistic creation and psychopathology (starting in nineteenth-century Europe) have influenced Brazilian thought on this topic. The objective of this article, from the perspective of the history of health sciences, is to analyze viewpoints throughout the twentieth century which considered the neurological and psychiatric diseases of Machado de Assis as fundamental to the development and content of his literary work. A theoretical and methodological reading based on Bakhtin found that many authors considered Machado de Assis's epilepsy to be the main reason behind his creativity, which allowed a review of the appropriation of different psychiatric theories in Brazil, as well as various theoretical concepts.
Estudos para identificar eventuais relações entre a criação artística e a psicopatologia desde o século XIX, na Europa influenciaram o pensamento brasileiro acerca desse tema. O objetivo deste artigo, sob a óptica da história das ciências da saúde, consistiu em analisar as perspectivas, ao longo do século XX, segundo as quais as doenças neurológicas e psiquiátricas de Machado de Assis foram determinantes na criação e no conteúdo de suas produções literárias. A partir de um referencial teórico e metodológico baseado em Bakhtin, verificou-se que muitos autores consideraram a epilepsia de Machado de Assis o principal elemento responsável por seu ato criador, o que permitiu revisar a apropriação de diferentes teorias psiquiátricas no Brasil, assim como diversos conceitos teóricos.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/história , Pessoas Famosas , Literatura Moderna/história , Psiquiatria/história , Brasil , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Teoria PsicológicaRESUMO
Resumo Estudos para identificar eventuais relações entre a criação artística e a psicopatologia - desde o século XIX, na Europa - influenciaram o pensamento brasileiro acerca desse tema. O objetivo deste artigo, sob a óptica da história das ciências da saúde, consistiu em analisar as perspectivas, ao longo do século XX, segundo as quais as doenças neurológicas e psiquiátricas de Machado de Assis foram determinantes na criação e no conteúdo de suas produções literárias. A partir de um referencial teórico e metodológico baseado em Bakhtin, verificou-se que muitos autores consideraram a epilepsia de Machado de Assis o principal elemento responsável por seu ato criador, o que permitiu revisar a apropriação de diferentes teorias psiquiátricas no Brasil, assim como diversos conceitos teóricos.
Abstract Studies to identify possible relations between artistic creation and psychopathology (starting in nineteenth-century Europe) have influenced Brazilian thought on this topic. The objective of this article, from the perspective of the history of health sciences, is to analyze viewpoints throughout the twentieth century which considered the neurological and psychiatric diseases of Machado de Assis as fundamental to the development and content of his literary work. A theoretical and methodological reading based on Bakhtin found that many authors considered Machado de Assis's epilepsy to be the main reason behind his creativity, which allowed a review of the appropriation of different psychiatric theories in Brazil, as well as various theoretical concepts.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Psiquiatria/história , Epilepsia/história , Pessoas Famosas , Literatura Moderna/história , Teoria Psicológica , BrasilRESUMO
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra fue hijo de un cirujano itinerante. Escribió una de las obras maestras de la literatura universal, El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha, considerada la primera novela moderna y solo la Biblia la rivaliza por el número de traducciones a diferentes lenguas e idiomas. La lectura del Quijote por un médico le hace dar un viraje a nuestra profesión. En sus páginas se tratan diversos y variados aspectos médicos, que van desde la descripción de diferentes enfermedades, tratamientos y heridas de batalla, al perfil psicológico de sus personajes. La capacidad de Cervantes para la descripción de hechos médicos y enfermedades es notoria, derivada de la osbservación de la actividad de su padre y de la lectura de libros de medicina. Don Quijote representa un mundo idealizado, ficticio y con claro comportamiento psicótico. A pesar de haber sido escrito hace cuatro siglos, El Quijote está lleno de referencias a diferentes especialidades de la medicina cuyo contenido sigue siendo de interés. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir brevemente el entorno médico que vivió Cervantes y su impacto en El Quijote.Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was the son of an itinerant surgeon. He wrote a masterpiece of the world literature, El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha. It is rivalled only by the Bible for the number of languages into which it has been translated. This masterpiece of the world literature is considered to be the first modern novel. For the physician, a reading of the Quijote is likely to veer in a medical direction. Various medical matters arise in the course of the novel, ranging from medical illness, treatments and battle wounds to the psychological profile of their characters. Cervantes´s excellent nosological ability is evident when he describes symptoms and signs of illness, derived from being a witness to his father´s medical practice and reading medical books. Don Quixote representing an idealized and fictional world with clear psychotic features. Although Cervantes wrote it four centuries ago, Don Quixote contains plenty of references to different specialities of medicine, and many of the ideas and concepts reflected in it are still of interest. The aim of this paper is to describe briefly the medical environment that surrounded Cervantes and its impact on the Quixote.
Assuntos
Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura/história , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: El doctor inverosimil (The Improbable Doctor) is a novel by Ramon Gomez de la Serna (1888-1963) in which the reader follows, by means of a series of different clinical cases, the adventures of Doctor Vivar. AIMS: To present and discuss, for the first time, the influence that Spanish neuropsychiatry had on this novel, taking the following short stories as study models: 'Casos cerebrales' ('Brain Cases') and 'La risita' ('The Giggles'). DEVELOPMENT: In these two tales, the improbable doctor embodies the three defining elements of Spanish neuropsychiatry. The repetitions of Alzheimer's disease (or in the way in which progressive general paralysis is referred to) hints at its Germanic orientation. The mixed neuropsychiatric component is exemplified in both his neurological ('La risita') and psychiatric skills ('Casos cerebrales'). Doctor Vivar's affinity to things histopathological is apparent in his wide and timely usage of neurohistological terminology, mainly from Cajal. CONCLUSIONS: It can be deduced that the Spanish neuropsychiatric school had a strong influence on Gomez de la Serna's El doctor inverosimil.
TITLE: Influencia de la neuropsiquiatria española en la medicina inverosimil de Ramon Gomez de la Serna.Introduccion. El doctor inverosimil es una novela de Ramon Gomez de la Serna (1888-1963) donde seguimos, a traves de diversos casos clinicos, las andanzas del doctor Vivar. Objetivo. Presentar y discutir, por primera vez, el influjo que tuvo la neuropsiquiatria española en esta novela, tomando como modelos de estudio los siguientes relatos: 'Casos cerebrales' y 'La risita'. Desarrollo. En este par de relatos, el doctor inverosimil encarna los tres elementos definitorios de la neuropsiquiatria española. En sus repeticiones de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (o en la forma en que se refiere a la paralisis general progresiva) insinua su orientacion germanica. El componente mixto neuropsiquiatrico esta ejemplificado en su destreza tanto neurologica ('La risita') como psiquiatrica ('Casos cerebrales'). La afinidad histopatologica del doctor Vivar es evidente en su amplio y oportuno uso de la terminologia neurohistologica, principalmente la cajaliana. Conclusiones. Es valido deducir que hay una influencia notoria de la escuela neuropsiquiatrica española en El doctor inverosimil de Gomez de la Serna.
Assuntos
Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura/história , Neuropsiquiatria/história , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Transtornos Mentais/história , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Modelos Neurológicos , Modelos Psicológicos , Neuropsiquiatria/tendências , Médicos , EspanhaRESUMO
Georges Simenon's work, including his famous 'romans durs' novels and the forensic investigations carried out by his artistic creation, Inspector Maigret, bear many similarities to some of the diagnostic methods of the founders of Neurology, particularly Jean-Martin Charcot.
Assuntos
Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura , Neurologia/história , França , História do Século XXRESUMO
Family history and traumatic experiences are factors linked to bipolar disorder. It is known that the lifetime risk of bipolar disorder in relatives of a bipolar proband are 5-10% for first degree relatives and 40-70% for monozygotic co-twins. It is also known that patients with early childhood trauma present earlier onset of bipolar disorder, increased number of manic episodes, and more suicide attempts. We have recently reported that childhood trauma partly mediates the effect of family history on bipolar disorder diagnosis. In light of these findings from the scientific literature, we reviewed the work of British writer Virginia Woolf, who allegedly suffered from bipolar disorder. Her disorder was strongly related to her family background. Moreover, Virginia Woolf was sexually molested by her half siblings for nine years. Her bipolar disorder symptoms presented a pernicious course, associated with hospitalizations, suicidal behavioral, and functional impairment. The concept of neuroprogression has been used to explain the clinical deterioration that takes places in a subgroup of bipolar disorder patients. The examination of Virgina Woolf’s biography and art can provide clinicians with important insights about the course of bipolar disorder.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Tentativa de Suicídio/história , Transtorno Bipolar/história , Pessoas Famosas , Literatura Moderna/história , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/história , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Georges Simenon’s work, including his famous ‘romans durs’ novels and the forensic investigations carried out by his artistic creation, Inspector Maigret, bear many similarities to some of the diagnostic methods of the founders of Neurology, particularly Jean-Martin Charcot.
RESUMO A obra de Georges Simenon, incluíndo os seus famosos “romances duros”, e as investigações criminais realizadas pela sua criação artística, o comissário Maigret, tem muitas similaridades com alguns métodos diagnósticos utilizados pelos fundadores da Neurologia, particularmente Jean-Martin Charcot.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura , Neurologia/história , FrançaRESUMO
Family history and traumatic experiences are factors linked to bipolar disorder. It is known that the lifetime risk of bipolar disorder in relatives of a bipolar proband are 5-10% for first degree relatives and 40-70% for monozygotic co-twins. It is also known that patients with early childhood trauma present earlier onset of bipolar disorder, increased number of manic episodes, and more suicide attempts. We have recently reported that childhood trauma partly mediates the effect of family history on bipolar disorder diagnosis. In light of these findings from the scientific literature, we reviewed the work of British writer Virginia Woolf, who allegedly suffered from bipolar disorder. Her disorder was strongly related to her family background. Moreover, Virginia Woolf was sexually molested by her half siblings for nine years. Her bipolar disorder symptoms presented a pernicious course, associated with hospitalizations, suicidal behavioral, and functional impairment. The concept of neuroprogression has been used to explain the clinical deterioration that takes places in a subgroup of bipolar disorder patients. The examination of Virgina Woolf's biography and art can provide clinicians with important insights about the course of bipolar disorder.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/história , Pessoas Famosas , Literatura Moderna/história , Tentativa de Suicídio/história , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/história , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Feminino , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologiaRESUMO
Resumo O artigo analisa a obra “O alienista”, de Machado de Assis, a partir de um diálogo com a historiografia (nem sempre escrita por historiadores) que, desde o final dos anos 1970 até períodos mais recentes, investiga tanto as práticas de intervenção psiquiátricas vigentes no Brasil da segunda metade do século XIX até o começo do XX quanto os aportes teóricos e as lógicas de poder e sociabilidades que davam sustentação a tais práticas. A perspectiva aqui assumida interpreta “O alienista” como um vigoroso “testemunho histórico”, num registro eminentemente crítico, dos momentos iniciais de implantação da medicina mental no Brasil e de seu correlato institucional, que é o hospício.
Abstract From the early 1970s until more recently, historiography (which is not always written by historians) has investigated the psychiatric intervention practices that prevailed in Brazil from the latter half of the nineteenth century through the early twentieth, along with their theoretical foundations and the underlying logics of power and sociability. The article analyzes the novella “The Alienist,” by Machado de Assis, by engaging in dialogue with this field. The book is interpreted as a robust and eminently critical “historical witness” of the early emergence of mental health medicine in Brazil and its institutional correlate, the asylum.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura , Psicologia/história , Brasil , Pessoas Famosas , Historiografia , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/históriaRESUMO
Resumo Ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, o debate historiográfico brasileiro foi profundamente marcado por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. Na primeira década do século XXI, os problemas da identidade nacional, da ocupação do território, da organização social do Brasil e suas matrizes civilizacionais, dos limites e trocas culturais em terras interiores, das percepções e formas de apropriação da natureza, entre outros temas do autor, ainda ecoam nos estudos históricos contemporâneos. O artigo discute as contribuições das suas principais obras para a história ambiental, sobretudo as interpretações das interferências cruzadas entre sociedades humanas e o meio natural. O papel da natureza, suas metáforas, ideias ou imagens são os vestígios de uma história da historiografia brasileira.
Abstract Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, Brazilian historigraphical debate was profoundly marked by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. The problems of national identity, the occupation of the land, the social organization of Brazil and its civilizatory roots, the cultural exchanges and boundaries in inland parts, the perceptions and forms of appropriation of nature, and other topics covered by the author still echo in contemporary historical research. This article discusses how his main works contribute to environmental history, especially his interpretations of how human societies and the natural environment have affected one another. The role of nature, its metaphors, ideas, or images are the evidence of a history of Brazilian historiography.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Meio Ambiente , Historiografia , Brasil , Literatura Moderna/históriaRESUMO
Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, Brazilian historigraphical debate was profoundly marked by Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. The problems of national identity, the occupation of the land, the social organization of Brazil and its civilizatory roots, the cultural exchanges and boundaries in inland parts, the perceptions and forms of appropriation of nature, and other topics covered by the author still echo in contemporary historical research. This article discusses how his main works contribute to environmental history, especially his interpretations of how human societies and the natural environment have affected one another. The role of nature, its metaphors, ideas, or images are the evidence of a history of Brazilian historiography.
Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Historiografia , Brasil , História do Século XX , Humanos , Literatura Moderna/históriaRESUMO
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, pseudonym of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, is a psychedelic dream tale apparently made for amusement. But, many speculations may be raised about its characters and phenomena created by a devout, learned and imaginative mathematician/logistician. Some issues based on the Cheshire cat due to its vanishing apparitions and its clever arguments are considered. The interpretation of the visual perception may include the "binding problem" issue. Regarding the cat's thought about inquiry, fundamental for researchers, this represents similar reasoning to that of Claude Bernard. Secondarily, some neurological and psychopathological speculations are also focused.
As aventuras de Alice no País das Maravilhas por Lewis Carroll, pseudônimo de Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, é um conto de sonho psicodélico, aparentemente feito para diversão. Mas muitas especulações podem ser levantadas sobre seus personagens e fenômenos criados por um devoto, erudito e criativo matemático/especialista em logística. São feitas algumas considerações sobre o gato de Cheshire devido suas aparições evanescentes e seus argumentos inteligentes. A interpretação sobre a percepção visual pode incluir a questão do "binding problem". Em relação ao pensamento do gato sobre a investigação, fundamental para os pesquisadores, isso representa raciocínio similar ao de Claude Bernard. Secundariamente, algumas especulações neurológicas e psicopatológicas também são apresentadas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Distorção da Percepção , Neuropsiquiatria , Síndrome de Alice no País das Maravilhas/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Alice no País das Maravilhas/história , Literatura Moderna/história , Psicopatologia , Transtornos de EnxaquecaRESUMO
From the early 1970s until more recently, historiography (which is not always written by historians) has investigated the psychiatric intervention practices that prevailed in Brazil from the latter half of the nineteenth century through the early twentieth, along with their theoretical foundations and the underlying logics of power and sociability. The article analyzes the novella "The Alienist," by Machado de Assis, by engaging in dialogue with this field. The book is interpreted as a robust and eminently critical "historical witness" of the early emergence of mental health medicine in Brazil and its institutional correlate, the asylum.
Assuntos
Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura , Psicologia/história , Brasil , Pessoas Famosas , Historiografia , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/história , HumanosRESUMO
Elaborada durante as discussões da Lei Seca e o Sufrágio Universal nos EUA, no início do século XX - duas emendas que seriam aprovadas no sistema constitucional americano -, Memórias alcoólicas, do escritor norteamericano Jack London, é considerada uma obra referencial sobre o tema do alcoolismo. Tendo esse tema como fio condutor, o artigo analisa como a sua prosa se constitui em prática de si enquanto construção de subjetividade e organização da existência. Investiga como essa obra estabelece relações com a temática do cuidado de si, problematizada por Michel Foucault nos volumes 2 e 3 da História da sexualidade, acerca da estética da existência e das artes de viver presentes no universo social greco-romano e helenístico.
Employing this theme as a guideline, this article examines how his prose amounts to self-practice in the construction of subjectivity and the organization of existence. It investigates how this work is related to the theme of self-care, analyzed by Michel Foucault in volumes 2 and 3 of the History of sexuality, as regards the aesthetics of existence and the art of living which existed in the Greco-Roman and Hellenistic worlds.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Alcoolismo/história , Pessoas Famosas , Literatura Moderna/história , Medicina na Literatura , Autocuidado/história , Estados Unidos , Sexualidade/históriaRESUMO
In the Memory Center of the Pharmacy School of UFMG there are documents relating to the passage of Carlos Drummond de Andrade through the institution, a fact that has led to reflection on the presence of the pharmacy and the pharmaceutical expert in literature. By means of interdisciplinary dialogue and research into elements that prove this presence, active participation and presence in the literature, an attempt was made to historicize these ties, not only of the poet from Itabira, but other men of letters, be they pharmaceutical professionals or people inspired by them. The objective was also to highlight some evidence that supports and demonstrates the importance of this professional in Brazilian society of the late-nineteenth century and early-twentieth century.