RESUMO
In 1968, Arima et al. discovered the heptapeptide, known as surfactin, which belongs to a family of lipopeptides. Known for its ability to reduce surface tension, it also has biological activities such as antimicrobial and antiviral. Its non-ribosomal synthesis mechanism was later discovered (1991). Lipopeptides represent an important class of surfactants, which can be applied in many industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceutical, agrochemicals, detergents, and cleaning products. Currently, 75% of the surfactants used in the various industrial sectors are from the petrochemical industry. Nevertheless, there are global current demands (green chemistry concept) to replace the petrochemical products with environmentally friendly products, such as surfactants by biosurfactants. The production biosurfactants still are costly. Thus, an alternative to reduce the production costs is using agro-industrial waste as a culture medium associated with an efficient and scalable purification process. This review puts a light on the agro-industrial residues used to produce surfactin and the techniques used for its recovery.
Assuntos
Microbiologia Industrial/economia , Lipopeptídeos/economia , Lipopeptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos Cíclicos/economia , Peptídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Tensoativos/economia , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Microbiologia Industrial/história , Microbiologia Industrial/métodos , Lipopeptídeos/genética , Lipopeptídeos/história , Peptídeos Cíclicos/genética , Peptídeos Cíclicos/história , Tensoativos/história , Tensoativos/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The treatment of fungal infections in severely ill patients is a clinical and economic challenge worldwide. Liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin are highly effective antifungal drugs; however, they are very expensive and health systems must select the drug that results in the best clinical outcomes and is economically feasible. AREAS COVERED: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Health Economic Evaluation Database, and Centre for Review and Dissemination to find complete economic evaluations that directly compared the two treatment strategies. Expert commentary: Because of the high cost, patients in developing countries experience difficulty accessing highly effective treatments. These data can subsidize a decision for an effective antifungal treatment with reduced costs from all perspectives.