RESUMO
Ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/MS) method is optimized for the high-throughput quantitation of lipids in human serum and plasma with an emphasis on robustness and accurate quantitation. Bridged ethylene hybrid (BEH) silica column (100 × 3 mm; 1.7 µm) is used for the separation of 17 nonpolar and polar lipid classes in 4.4 min using the positive ion electrospray ionization mode. The lipid class separation approach in UHPSFC/MS results in the coelution of all lipid species within one lipid class in one chromatographic peak, including two exogenous internal standards (IS) per lipid class, which provides the optimal conditions for robust quantitation. The method was validated according to European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration recommendations. UHPSFC/MS combined with LipidQuant software allows a semiautomated process to determine lipid concentrations with a total run time of only 8 min including column equilibration, which enables the analysis of 160 samples per day.
Assuntos
Cromatografia com Fluido Supercrítico , Lipidômica , Lipídeos , Cromatografia com Fluido Supercrítico/métodos , Humanos , Lipidômica/métodos , Lipídeos/análise , Lipídeos/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodosRESUMO
Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of Low-to-Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (LMICT), Moderate-Intensity Interval Training (MIIT), and Reduced-Exertion High-Intensity Training (REHIT) on blood glucose regulation, functional recovery, and lipid levels in individuals who have experienced a stroke and are diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Forty-two T2DM stroke patients were randomly allocated to four groups: LMICT, MIIT, REHIT, and a control group (CON). Participants continuously monitored their blood glucose levels throughout the intervention using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices. The study comprised two exercise intervention cycles: the first lasting from Day 3 to Day 14 and the second from Day 15 to Day 28, with the initial two days serving as contrasting periods. Primary outcomes encompassed CGM-derived blood glucose measurements, the Barthel Index (BI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment lower-extremity subscale (FMA-LE), and alterations in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Results: Compared with the CON, the MIIT group showed significant improvements in mean glucose (MG), glucose standard deviation (SD), time above range (TAR), and time in range (TIR). The REHIT group exhibited significantly reduced time below range (TBR), glucose SD, and coefficient of variation (CV). Regarding lipid levels, although the REHIT group achieved a significant reduction in TG levels compared with the CON, the overall effects of LMICT, MIIT, and REHIT on lipid profiles were relatively modest. Concerning functional recovery, the REHIT group significantly improved the BI and FMA-LE. Conclusion: Although the short-term quantitative impact of exercise on lipid levels may be limited, both REHIT and MIIT significantly improved glycemic management and reduced glucose variability in post-stroke patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Additionally, REHIT notably enhanced functional recovery.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Terapia por Exercício , Exercício Físico , Controle Glicêmico , Lipídeos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Masculino , Feminino , Controle Glicêmico/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glicemia/análise , Idoso , Lipídeos/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lipid management based on cardiovascular risk level is the cornerstone of primary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD), while the accuracy and adherence of traditional cardiovascular risk stratification have been questioned. Prevention strategies based on imaging screening for atherosclerotic plaques are found to be more objective and adherent in recent studies. This trial aims to investigate the role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in guiding the primary prevention of CAD in a randomized controlled design. METHODS: Approximately 3400 middle-aged asymptomatic community participants will be recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a traditional cardiovascular risk score-guided (usual care group) or CCTA-guided (CCTA group) strategy. Participants with cardiovascular disease, prior lipid-lowering therapy, CCTA contraindication, or serious diseases that affect life span will be excluded. The intervention strategy includes blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid management and lifestyle modifications. Blood pressure and glucose targets and lifestyle modification recommendations keep the same in both strategies, while lipid management is personalized based on traditional risk level or CCTA results, respectively. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants taking lipid-lowering medication regularly at both 6 and 12 months. The secondary outcomes include the proportion of participants achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering targets at 12 months, mean changes in lipid levels from baseline to 12 months, barriers to adherence, adverse reactions related to CCTA examination, and cardiovascular events. DISCUSSION: The study is the first randomized clinical trial to examine the effectiveness of a CCTA-guided versus a traditional risk score-guided primary prevention strategy in an asymptomatic community-based population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05725096. Registered on 2 February 2023.
Assuntos
Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/prevenção & controle , Angiografia Coronária/efeitos adversos , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , China , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Doenças Assintomáticas , Feminino , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , Lipídeos/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Green tea (GT) is a common component of supplements known as fat burners. It has gained popularity as an ergogenic aid for weight reduction to assist with obesity management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the effect of green tea ingestion coupled with exercise training (EX) on body composition and lipid profile in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS: Two independent researchers systematically searched the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies with a randomized-controlled design to compare the effect of green tea in conjunction with exercise training (EX+GT) versus exercise training alone (EX+P) in overweight or obese participants were included. RESULTS: Of the 1,015 retrieved studies, 24 were identified to undergo full-text review, out of which 10 randomized trials met the inclusion criteria. EX+GT versus EX+P had a small and consistent effect on weight [Standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.30, CI: -0.53 to -0.07], BMI [SMD = -0.33 CI: -0.64 to -0.02] and fat reduction [SMD = -0.29, CI: -0.57 to -0.01] and there was no evidence of heterogeneity across the trials. When compared to EX+P, EX+GT had no greater effect on lipid profile improvement [triglyceride: SMD = -0.92, CI: -1.30 to 0.49; LDL: SMD = -1.44, CI: -0.73 to 0.82; HDL: SMD = 0.56, CI -0.71 to 0.46; and total cholesterol SMD = -0.54, CI -0.85 to 0.13]. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that green tea could have quite minimal additive benefit over exercise-induced weight loss. However, incorporation of green tea into exercise training does not seem to exert additional benefits on lipid profile and it warrants further investigations in the future.
Assuntos
Catequina , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Chá , Redução de Peso , Humanos , Obesidade/terapia , Catequina/administração & dosagem , Catequina/farmacologia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Composição Corporal , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Lipídeos/sangueRESUMO
Background: Dyslipidemia plays a very important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), are one of the main risks of dyslipidemia. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is not only the rate-limiting enzyme step of endogenous cholesterol production, but also the therapeutic target of statins. Methods: We investigated 405 Han Chinese and 373 Uyghur people who took statins for a period of time, recorded their blood lipid levels and baseline data before and after oral statin administration, and extracted DNA from each subject for SNP typing of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740. The effects of HMGCR rs17671591 and rs3761740 on lipid levels and the effect of statins on lipid lowering in Han Chinese and Uyghur ethnic groups were studied. Results: In this study, for rs17671591, the CC vs. TT+CT model was significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C before oral statin in the Uyghur population, but there were no correlations between rs17671591 and the level of blood lipid before oral statin in the Han population. The CC vs. TT+CT and CT vs. CC+TT models were significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C after oral statin in the Uyghur population. There was no significant correlation between rs3761740 with blood lipids before and after oral statin in the Han population. For rs3761740, before oral statin, the CC vs. AA+CA model was significantly correlated with the level of LDL-C, and the CA vs. CC+AA model was significantly correlated with the level of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the Uyghur population. After oral statin, the CC vs. AA+CA and CA vs. CC+AA models were significantly correlated with the level of TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein (APOB), and the C vs. A model was significantly correlated with the level of TC, triglyceride (TG), LDL-C, and APOB in the Uyghur population. Particularly, the CT vs. CC+TT model of rs17671591 was significantly correlated with the changes of LDL-C after oral statin in the Uyghur population. In this study, we also explored the association of rs17671591 and rs3761740 with the rate of dyslipidemia as a reference. Conclusion: We found that HMGCR rs3761740 was correlated with the levels of TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C before and after oral statin in Uyghurs, but not with blood lipid levels in the Han population. In the Uyghur population, HMGCR rs17671591 was associated with the level of LDL-C before and after oral statin, and also affected the changes of LDL-C after oral statin.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/genética , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Povo Asiático/genética , China/etnologia , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Idoso , Adulto , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/genética , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/etnologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperlipidemias/genética , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/etnologia , População do Leste Asiático , População da Ásia CentralRESUMO
Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition characterized by urethral sphincter failure and urine leakage. Its prevalence in women is higher than in men, and estimates of crude prevalence rates vary widely due to factors such as research methodologies, study populations, and underreporting by patients. This variability hinders research and impacts patient diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life. The complex etiology of SUI is not fully understood, and previous studies have primarily focused on non-invasive indicators. While emerging observational research suggests a correlation between SUI in women and abnormalities in lipid and blood metabolism, the underlying biological mechanisms and causal relationships require further investigation. This study aims to explore the causalities between SUI in women and lipid and blood metabolism. Methods: Using bidirectional univariate Mendelian randomization (MR), we investigated the causal association between SUI liability in women (case/control = 5,924/399,509) from UK Biobank and lipid and glucose metabolism, indicated by total cholesterol (TC, N = 61,166), low-density lipoproteins (LDL, N = 58,381), high-density lipoproteins (HDL, N = 60,812), triglycerides (TG, N = 60,027), fasting glucose (FG, N = 19,745), and fasting insulin (FI, N = 38,238) from ENGAGE consortium. To account for potential confounding effects, multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were performed, adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and separately among lipid and glucose metabolism. Results: We found that increased genetically proxied TC, LDL, and HDL levels were associated with an elevated risk of SUI in women (OR: 1.090-1.117, all P < 0.05), These associations were further supported by MVMR analyses with adjustment for BMI (OR: 1.087-1.114, all P < 0.05). Conversely, increased FG and FI were associated with reduced SUI reliability in women (OR: 0.731-0.815, all P < 0.05). When adjusting among lipid and glucose metabolism, only HDL and FI demonstrated causal effects. Reverse MR analyses provided no genetic evidence supporting the causal effect of SUI in women on lipid and blood metabolism (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results reported that increased TC, LDL, and HDL are linked to higher SUI susceptibility in women, while higher FG and FI levels have a protective effect. In overweight/obese women with metabolic abnormalities, the positive associations between TC, LDL, and HDL levels and SUI indicate a higher risk.
Assuntos
Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Humanos , Feminino , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/genética , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/epidemiologia , Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Glicemia/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Idoso , Adulto , Lipídeos/sangue , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Glucose/metabolismoRESUMO
Introduction: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (1:1) clinical trial was conducted at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, from March to September 2017. Methods: Eligible participants included adults aged 18 years and older, living in the community, diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus according to ADA guidelines, capable of self-managing their diabetes, and able to visit the study site for follow-up. The intervention group received 25 ml of a probiotic beverage containing with over 10^8 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus, administered four times daily. An equal volume of inactivated Lactobacillus was administered to the control group and the control group was administered the same volume of inactivated Lactobacillus. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes patients. The primary outcomes were changes in HbA1c and FBG levels post-intervention. Investigators, participants, and study site personnel were blinded to the treatment allocation until the conclusion of the study. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-POR-17010850). Results: Of the 490 participants screened, 213 were randomized to either the probiotics group (n = 103) or the placebo group (n = 110). After 16 weeks of follow-up, the probiotic group showed reductions in HbA1c [-0.44 (-0.66 to -0.22)] and FBG [-0.97 (-1.49 to 0.46)] post-intervention, similar to the placebo group with reductions in HbA1c [-0.33 (-0.52 to -0.15)] and FBG [-0.90 (-1.32 to -0.47)], but these changes were not statistically significant in PP and ITT analyses (P>0.05). Adverse events were similarly distributed among groups, indicating comparable safety profiles. Discussion: Overall, 16-week probiotic supplementation showed no beneficial effects on glycemic control, lipid profiles, or weight. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=18421, identifier ChiCTR-POR-17010850.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Controle Glicêmico , Lipídeos , Probióticos , Humanos , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Masculino , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Controle Glicêmico/métodos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Idoso , Adulto , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective. Studies that have evaluated correlation between body mass index (BMI) and novel lipid indices such as triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are scarce. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore the correlation between BMI and novel lipid indices in Bosnian patients with T2DM. Methods. Present study included 117 patients with T2DM (mean age: 66.51 years) and 68 controls (mean age: 68.37 years). BMI was calculated as weight/height². Lipids were measured by standard methods. TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were separately calculated. The differences between the groups were assessed by Student's t-test or Man Whitney U test. Correlations were determined by Spearman's test. Results. In a total sample of T2DM patients, 41.0% were overweight and 44.4% were obese. In the control group, 51.5% of subjects were overweight and 25.0% were obese. In T2DM group, a significant correlation was observed between BMI and HDL-C, LDL-C, TG/HDL, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. In the control group, there was a significant correlation found between BMI and HDL-C, TG, TG/HDL, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C-ratios. Correlation between BMI and other lipid parameters in T2DM and the control group was not determined. Conclusion. The present study showed significant correlation between BMI and novel lipid indices in both T2DM patients and the control group of subjects. Possible explanation for the observed results might be prevalence of overweight and obese participants in this study sample. Since novel lipid indices are used in the prediction of cardiometabolic risk, results obtained in the present study have valuable clinical implications.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , HDL-Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Obesidade , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the association between non-traditional lipid profiles and the risk of 1-year vascular events in patients who were already using statins before stroke and had admission LDL-C < 100 mg/dL. This study was an analysis of a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke patients who treated with statin before index stroke and LDL-C < 100 mg/dL on admission. Non-traditional lipid profiles including non-HDL, TC/HDL ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, and TG/HDL ratio were analyzed as a continuous or categorical variable. The primary vascular outcome within one year was a composite of recurrent stroke (either hemorrhagic or ischemic), myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (95% Cis) for 1-year vascular outcomes were analyzed using the Cox PH model for each non-traditional lipid profiles groups. A total of 7028 patients (age 70.3 ± 10.8years, male 59.8%) were finally analyzed for the study. In unadjusted analysis, no significant associations were observed in the quartiles of LDL/HDL ratio and 1-year primary outcome. However, after adjustment of relevant variables, compared with Q1 of the LDL/HDL ratio, Q4 was significantly associated with increasing the risk of 1-year primary outcome (HR 1.48 [1.19-1.83]). For the LDL/HDL ratio, a linear relationship was observed (P for linearity < 0.001). Higher quartiles of the LDL/HDL ratio were significantly and linearly associated with increasing the risk of 1-year primary vascular outcomes. These findings suggest that even during statin therapy with LDL-C < 100 mg/dl on admission, there should be consideration for residual risk based on the LDL/HDL ratio, following stroke.
Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , AVC Isquêmico , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Idoso , AVC Isquêmico/sangue , AVC Isquêmico/tratamento farmacológico , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Lipídeos/sangue , Sistema de Registros , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/sangue , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
One of the four main non-communicable illnesses, diabetes mellitus, calls for immediate attention from all key stakeholders worldwide to address its prevalence and related consequences. Hyperglycemia and hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are thought as the third largest risk factor for early mortality throughout the globe, killing an estimated 1.6 million people annually. Hyperglycemia hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus are all intricately connected. Several studies showed that subclinical inflammation adds to insulin resistance and is connected to the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, including hyperglycemia, that increases the chance of developing type 2 diabetes. Inflammation increases the creation of reactive oxygen species, which will be later increased by oxidative stress. The fundamental impetus for this study was the recognition of the interplay between diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This literature review focuses on type 2 diabetes and selected diabetic complications, and it analyses the relationship between these diseases, as well as oxidative stress, inflammation, risk factors for developing diabetes, and the mechanisms behind hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Hiperglicemia/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Resistência à InsulinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Observational studies have revealed associations between maternal lipid metabolites and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, whether these associations are causal remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the causal relationship between lipid metabolites and GDM. METHODS: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed based on summary statistics. Sensitivity analyses, validation analyses and reverse MR analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the MR results. Additionally, a phenome-wide MR (Phe-MR) analysis was performed to evaluate potential side effects of the targeted lipid metabolites. RESULTS: A total of 295 lipid metabolites were included in this study, 29 of them had three or more instrumental variables (IVs) suitable for sensitivity analyses. The ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides (TG_by_PG) was identified as a potential causal biomarker for GDM (inverse variance weighted (IVW) estimate: odds ratio (OR) = 2.147, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) 1.415-3.257, P = 3.26e-4), which was confirmed by validation and reverse MR results. Two other lipid metabolites, palmitoyl sphingomyelin (d18:1/16:0) (PSM(d18:1/16:0)) (IVW estimate: OR = 0.747, 95% CI 0.583-0.956, P = 0.021) and triglycerides in very small very low-density lipoprotein (XS_VLDL_TG) (IVW estimate: OR = 2.948, 95% CI 1.197-5.215, P = 0.015), were identified as suggestive potential biomarkers for GDM using a conventional cut-off P-value of 0.05. Phe-MR results indicated that lowering TG_by_PG had detrimental effects on two diseases but advantageous effects on the other 13 diseases. CONCLUSION: Genetically predicted elevated TG_by_PG are causally associated with an increased risk of GDM. Side-effect profiles indicate that TG_by_PG might be a target for GDM prevention, though caution is advised due to potential adverse effects on other conditions.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Diabetes Gestacional , Lipidômica , Lipídeos , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/genética , Feminino , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Lipídeos/sangue , Medição de Risco , Biomarcadores/sangue , Fenótipo , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , FenômicaRESUMO
Varicose veins of the lower extremities (VVs) is a common chronic vascular disease, with high prevalence rates in some countries; however, their pathogenesis remains unclear. Some studies have identified associations between changes in specific plasma lipid molecules, such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SM), and the onset of VVs, but due to confounders and reverse causality, the causal relationship remains unclear. Meanwhile, studies on the potential link between other plasma lipids beyond PE, PC, and SM and the risk of VVs in the lower extremities are lacking. This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between VVs and plasma lipid levels to provide theoretical insights into the interrelation of plasma lipids and VVs in their occurrence and progression. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the potential connection between genetically predicted levels of individual plasma lipids and the risk of developing VVs. We utilized data from a large-scale genome-wide association study involving 7174 Finnish individuals for 179 plasma lipidomes along with VVs genome-wide association study data from 408,455 UK individuals. MR analysis employed methods, such as inverse-variance weighting, weighted median, Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization, and MR-Egger regression. The inverse-variance weighting method was primarily used to assess causality. The validity of the results was demonstrated through sensitivity analysis. In total, 12 lipids were found to have their plasma levels associated with an increased risk of VVs. This includes 3 types of PE, 7 types of PC, and 2 types of phosphatidylinositol. However, no significant causal relationship was found between the plasma levels of 11 types of SM and VVs. These results support the existence of a potential causal relationship between specific types of lipid levels and the risk of VVs, which can provide clues for further studies on biological mechanisms and the exploration of potential therapeutic targets.
Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Lipídeos , Extremidade Inferior , Análise da Randomização Mendeliana , Varizes , Humanos , Varizes/sangue , Varizes/genética , Varizes/epidemiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Feminino , Masculino , Finlândia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVE: Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are pivotal in managing hypercholesterolemia and reducing cardiovascular risk. While rosuvastatin demonstrates superior efficacy and tolerability compared to other statins, its safety profile in elderly patients older than 75 years old with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains underexplored. So, the objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of adverse reactions and investigate the efficacy of high-dose rosuvastatin on lipid profiles in elderly patients aged over 75 with ACS. METHODS: In this observational study, 110 consecutive elderly ACS patients attending Modarres Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2019 were enrolled. The effects of high-dose rosuvastatin were assessed in elderly patients older than 75 years old by comparison of the adverse effects, lipid profile, cardiac function, and other biomarkers at the baseline and after 6 weeks of rosuvastatin therapy with a dose of 40 mg. RESULTS: Following 6 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol (136.2 ± 24.3 to 115.5 ± 24.0, p = 0.001) and LDL levels (72.6 ± 17.5 to 50.9 ± 18.9, p = 0.001), accompanied by a notable increase in HDL levels (38.3 ± 7.1 to 47.2 ± 7.4, p = 0.001). Cardiac function, as measured by ejection fraction (EF), significantly improved from 43.4 ± 8.8 to 48.5 ± 8.5 (p = 0.001). Adverse effects such as cramps (N = 12, p = 0.001), weakness (N = 28, p = 0.001), and anorexia (N = 12, p = 0.001) were reported but did not warrant discontinuation of therapy. Notably, no cases of jaundice were observed. Two deaths occurred due to major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the study period, unrelated to stroke or recurrent myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Totally, high-dose rosuvastatin therapy effectively improved lipid profiles, cardiac function, and liver enzyme levels in elderly ACS patients, with manageable adverse effects. These findings underscore the importance of rosuvastatin in optimizing cardiovascular health in this vulnerable population.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Biomarcadores , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Humanos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/efeitos adversos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/administração & dosagem , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/uso terapêutico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/sangue , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Irã (Geográfico) , Biomarcadores/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores Etários , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Dislipidemias/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A persistent redox state and excessive reactive species involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism lead to oxidative damage in the liver, however, how fasting plasma concentrations of lipids and glucose are associated with fasting blood levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) remains to be evaluated in large-scale population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 182,971 residents aged 18 to 92 years; multidimensional stratified analyses including quantile linear regression analysis and sex stratification were adopted to improve the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: The associations between the concentrations of non-HDL-C and triglyceride and ALT levels were positive, stronger in males in each quantile of ALT levels and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 3.610 and 5.678 in males and 2.977 and 5.165 in females, respectively. The associations between the HDL-C concentrations and ALT levels were negative, also stronger in males in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of -7.839 in females and - 5.797 in males. The associations between glucose concentrations and ALT levels were positive, but stronger in females in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 1.736 in males and 2.177 in females, respectively. Similar pattern consist of relatively weaker coefficients and slops were observed between concentrations of non-HDL-C, triglyceride and glucose and AST levels. The associations between albumin concentration and concentrations of blood lipids and glucose were relatively steady across all quantiles. CONCLUSIONS: The dose dependent effect between blood concentrations of lipids and glucose and liver function changes suggests that excessive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may cause subclinical liver damage. Long term sustained primary and secondary inflammatory factors produced in the liver might be transmitted to adjacent organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs, to cause and/or exacerbate pathological changes in these visceral organs.
Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase , Aspartato Aminotransferases , Glicemia , Jejum , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Jejum/sangue , Idoso , Adolescente , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Lipídeos/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangueRESUMO
We examined the association between walkability and blood lipids in a nationally representative sample of 29,649 participants aged 3-79 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) cycles 1 to 6. We focused on seven lipid biomarkers: apolipoprotein A (Apo A), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and TC/HDL. Cross-sectional associations were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models incorporating survey-specific sampling weights. An increase in the Canadian Active Living Environments Index, a measure of neighborhood walkability, equivalent to the magnitude of its interquartile range (IQR) was associated with the following percentage (95% confidence intervals (CI)) changes in lipids: decreased TG, -2.85 (-4.77, -0.93) and TC/HDL, -1.68 (-2.80, -0.56), and increased HDL, 1.68 (0.93, 2.42). Significant effects were largely restricted to adults (aged 17 to 79). In the younger age group there were no significant associations between walkability and lipids in the fully adjusted model. Significant associations were more frequently seen in females than males. For females, fully adjusted significant inverse associations were observed for TG, LDL, and TC/HDL, and there were positive associations with HDL and Apo A. Canadians living in more walkable neighborhoods have more favorable lipid profiles, suggesting that the built environment has the potential to influence the risk profile for cardiovascular health, especially among adults and females.
Assuntos
Características de Residência , Triglicerídeos , Caminhada , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Canadá/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Apolipoproteínas B/sangue , Lipídeos/sangue , Apolipoproteínas A/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Point-of-care testing (POCT) is commonly used in epidemiological surveys due to its various advantages, such as portability and immediate test results. The CardioChek® PA analyser 3-in-1 lipid panel measures total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This study tested the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the CardioChek® PA analyser using a 3-in-1 lipid panel. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design with quota sampling was used. A total of 203 respondents aged 18 years and above from a research centre in the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, were recruited. Venous blood was sent to the laboratory and tested with Siemens Atellica CH, while a POCT analyser was used for capillary blood measurements. Intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) analysis was employed to determine the agreement between capillary and venous blood parameters. The diagnostic performance of the evaluated tests was evaluated using STATA version 12. RESULTS: The agreement between capillary and laboratory venous blood was moderate (0.64-0.67) for TC and HDL, good (0.75) for LDL and excellent (0.91) for TG). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were as follows: TC, 57.1%, 94.3%, 92.3% and 64.8%; TG, 76.0%, 100%, 100%, and 96.6%; HDL, 96.2%, 83.2%, 47.2% and 99.3%; and LDL, 81.0%, 100%, 100% and 68.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CardioChek® PA analyser showed acceptable diagnostic accuracy for screening high-risk individuals more often in places where laboratories are inaccessible. It could also be used in clinical settings where patients would benefit from swift treatment decisions.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol , LDL-Colesterol , Testes Imediatos , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Testes Imediatos/normas , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Estudos Transversais , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Malásia/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Idoso , Colesterol/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Lipídeos/sangue , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , AdolescenteRESUMO
There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) modulates the metabolism of glucose and lipid, and some antihypertensive medications have been shown to affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Peristrophe bivalvis is a medicinal plant that has been shown to have antihypertensive properties. The study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Peristrophe bivalvis leaf (APB) on fasting blood glucose level (FBG) and lipid profile in rats pretreated with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Male Wistar rats (150-170 g, n=30) were randomly divided into two groups: control (CT, n=5) and L-NAME pretreated (n=25). CT received 5 mL/kg of distilled water [DW]) while L-NAME pretreated group received 60 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-NAME60) for eight weeks. After eight weeks, the L-NAME pretreated group was randomly subdivided into L-NAME group (LN), L-NAME recovery group (LRE), L-NAME ramipril group (LRA), and L-NAME APB group (LAPB). The groups received L-NAME60+DW, DW, L-NAME60+10 mg/kg ramipril, and L-NAME60+APB (200 mg/kg), respectively, for five weeks. Serum NO, lipid profile, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and insulin were measured by spectrophotometry, assay kits, and ELISA, respectively. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. At the eighth week, a fall in FBG and an increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recorded in L8 compared to CT. The same effects were also noticed in the thirteenth week in LN. However, FBG was significantly increased and lipid levels were decreased in LAPB compared to LN. A significant increase was observed in cGMP level in LAPB compared to LN. The study showed that APB corrected the hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia caused by L-NAME, and this effect might be via the activation of cGMP.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Lipídeos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Ratos , Lipídeos/sangue , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/sangue , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: With the ban on the use of antibiotics in poultry nutrition, the opinion of nutritionists turned to their alternatives. Garlic and mushroom are the two important phytobiotic compounds in poultry nutrition. OBJECTIVES: This experiment was done to investigate the effect of garlic powder (GP) and mushroom powder (MP) on the growth performance, meat quality, serum lipid profile, and intestinal morphology of broilers. METHODS: Five hundred and seventy-six one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to eight treatments with six replications based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 4*2 with four levels of GP (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50%) and two levels of MP (0.00, 1.00%). RESULTS: No significant effects of GP and MP on the performance were observed. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the lightness and redness of breast meat decreased and increased, respectively (p < 0.05). The effect of increasing the amount of GP on the reduction of total cholesterol level was similar in the absence or presence of MP. With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio (VH: CD) increased. The use of MP in the diets significantly increased VH and VH: CD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of GP and MP to the broilers' diets did not have any negative effect on the performance. These pharmaceutic herbs improved intestinal morphology. In addition, increasing the level of GP amended the meat color and reduced the level of serum cholesterol.
Assuntos
Agaricus , Ração Animal , Galinhas , Dieta , Alho , Intestinos , Carne , Animais , Galinhas/sangue , Galinhas/fisiologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Agaricus/química , Alho/química , Masculino , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Carne/análise , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Intestinos/anatomia & histologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Pós , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta a DrogaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a well-known retrovirus, particularly prevalent in northeastern Iran, where it is associated with a range of disorders, including liver dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection can alter lipid profiles, yet no research has examined lipid indices and liver function tests in these patients in the long term. METHODS: This data is part of the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) study. A total of 1116 participants were randomly selected, including 837 healthy individuals and 279 HTLV-1-infected patients. Following a 10-year follow-up period, Serum levels of liver enzymes were measured. Lipid indices such as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Body Adiposity Index (BAC), Castelli risk index (CRI-I, CRI-II), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), and Triglyceride and HDL-C Ratio (THR) were calculated. RESULTS: Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis demonstrated a significant coefficient for the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in HTLV-infected patients compared to healthy controls (B: -0.014, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.00, p = 0.046). However, no significant differences were observed in other lipid indices between HTLV-infected patients and healthy individuals. Regarding liver enzymes, significant variations were noted in HTLV-infected patients compared to healthy controls: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (B: 2.978, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.61, p < 0.001), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (B: 3.687, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.78, p = 0.001), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (B: 18.232, 95% CI: 6.81, 29.65, p = 0.002), and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (B: 3.714, 95% CI: 0.18, 7.24, p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Individuals with HTLV-1 infection exhibit reduced VAI but elevated levels of liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, indicating liver damage. These findings emphasize the virus's involvement in liver pathology. Also, HTLV-I is associated with reduced visceral fat tissue.