RESUMO
The concept of shock apparently emerged in the middle of the 18th century (Whyett) as an occurrence observed experimentally after spinal cord transection, and identified as "shock" phenomenon one century later (Hall). The concept was extended (Brown-Séquard) and it was suggested that brain lesions caused functional rupture in regions distant from the injured one ("action à distance"). The term "diaschisis" (von Monakow), proposed as a new modality of shock, had its concept broadened, underpinned by observations of patients, aiming at distinguishing between symptoms of focal brain lesions and transitory effects they produced, attributable to depression of distant parts of the brain connected to the injured area. Presently, diaschisis is related mainly to cerebrovascular lesions and classified according to the connection fibers involved, as proposed by von Monakow. Depression of metabolism and blood flow in regions anatomically separated, but related by connections with the lesion, allows observing diaschisis with neuroimaging.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/história , Choque Traumático/história , Lesões Encefálicas/história , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , História do Século XVIII , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Choque Traumático/patologiaRESUMO
The concept of shock apparently emerged in the middle of the 18th century (Whyett) as an occurrence observed experimentally after spinal cord transection, and identified as "shock" phenomenon one century later (Hall). The concept was extended (Brown-Séquard) and it was suggested that brain lesions caused functional rupture in regions distant from the injured one ("action à distance"). The term "diaschisis" (von Monakow), proposed as a new modality of shock, had its concept broadened, underpinned by observations of patients, aiming at distinguishing between symptoms of focal brain lesions and transitory effects they produced, attributable to depression of distant parts of the brain connected to the injured area. Presently, diaschisis is related mainly to cerebrovascular lesions and classified according to the connection fibers involved, as proposed by von Monakow. Depression of metabolism and blood flow in regions anatomically separated, but related by connections with the lesion, allows observing diaschisis with neuroimaging.
O conceito de choque aparentemente surgiu em meados do século 18 (Whyett), como ocorrência observada experimentalmente após seção transversa da medula, e foi identificado como fenômeno de "choque" um século mais tarde (Hall). O conceito foi estendido (Brown-Séquard) e sugeriu-se que lesões cerebrais produziam ruptura funcional em regiões distantes à da lesão ("action à distance"). O termo "diásquise" (von Monakow), proposto como nova modalidade de choque, teve seu conceito ampliado, fundamentado em observações em pacientes. Visava distinguir sintomas de lesões cerebrais focais de efeitos transitórios que produziam, atribuíveis à depressão de partes distantes do cérebro conectadas à área lesada. Atualmente, diásquise é relacionada principalmente a lesões cerebrovasculares e classificada de acordo com as fibras de conexão envolvidas, como proposto por von Monakow. Depressão do metabolismo e fluxo sanguíneo em regiões anatomicamente separadas, mas relacionadas por conexões à lesão, permitem observar diásquise por meio de neuroimagem.
Assuntos
História do Século XVIII , Humanos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/história , Choque Traumático/história , Lesões Encefálicas/história , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Choque Traumático/patologiaRESUMO
The first published account of a neurosurgical intervention performed on the North American continent is described. The operation took place in Mexico City in 1561. The neurosurgical intervention was performed by a Spanish surgeon, Pedro Arias de Benavides, on a 13-year-old boy who had sustained head trauma that caused an open depressed cranial fracture and exposed the cerebrum. A description of this case was first published in Valladolid, Spain, 6 years after the event, in a book entitled Secretos de Chirurgia ("Secrets of Surgery").
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/história , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/história , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , História do Século XVI , Humanos , Masculino , México , Editoração/história , Fraturas Cranianas/história , Fraturas Cranianas/terapia , Espanha , Traduções , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/história , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/terapiaRESUMO
Few studies of intracranial mummified brain tissue have been undertaken. This is because of the infrequency in which preserved human central nervous system tissue is encountered and the scarcity of available mummies from different parts of the world. This study undertook a systematic analysis of 15 naturally mummified human brains from 1000 B.C. to 1500 A.D. excavated from the deserts of northern Chile. Gross examination revealed relatively well-preserved dura mater, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and spinal cord in several cases. Five cases showed evidence of intracranial disease. Three cases had evidence of external injury. One case revealed subarachnoid and one case revealed intracerebral hemorrhage. Samples of central nervous system tissues were taken for further analysis. The samples were rehydrated and processed for structural analysis by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy of the brain parenchyma revealed an eosinophilic staining background with vascular structures but few cellular elements present. The dura mater demonstrated normal dural architecture consisting of collagen fibrils. Electron microscopy did not clearly demonstrate individual neurons or axonal processes. Bundles of collagen fibrils with typical periodicity were clearly seen in the dura mater. The examination of ancient human central nervous system tissues reveals normal and abnormal neuroanatomy.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/patologia , Lesões Encefálicas/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Múmias/patologia , Axônios/patologia , Encefalopatias/história , Lesões Encefálicas/história , Causas de Morte , Chile , Feminino , História Antiga , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Múmias/história , Neurônios/patologia , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
Transcreve-se o tratamento de uma lesäo craniencefálica publicado no século XVIII. A revisäo dos primeiros livros médicos escritos no Brasil permite concluir que o relato significa a primeira publicaçäo de procedimento neurocirúrgico realizado no páis. Acredita-se o contexto histórico do tratamento das fraturas de crânio com afundamento
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , História do Século XVIII , Lesões Encefálicas/história , Neurocirurgia/históriaRESUMO
Se hace una revisión de la historia en la actitud ante los traumas craneales en Venezuela y en especial en el Estado Zulia, en las diferentes etapas cronológicas