RESUMO
BACKGROUND: House dust is considered an important source of aeroallergens, and the mites living there, are the main cause of allergy to it. In México, there have been few about house dust fauna, and mostly limited to México City. OBJECTIVE: To describe the house dust fauna from mattresses of allergic patients from different cities in México. METHODS: Sixty dust samples were collected from mattresses in 6 Mexican states: Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla, Chiapas and Campeche. Mites were isolated under a stereomicroscope using lactic acid -0.9% NaCI solution. Identification was performed on fixed slides prepared with Hoyer solution. Skin Tests were already performed with allergen extracts of different house dust mites species in the 60 mattress' owners, whom had previously been diagnosed with respiratory allergy. RESULTS: The Pyroglyphidae family was found in 100% of dust samples. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were the species most frequently found (>90%). These findings were in agreement with the skin tests results, where 100% of patients were positive to Dp, whereas 70% was positive to Df. It was evidenced for the first time the presence of Blomia tropicalis in Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Campeche states, and Dermatophagoides siboney in Campeche. Both species are important allergenic sources in tropical/subtropical climates. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the importance of Pyroglyphid house dust mites, as indoor sensitizers in different climatic and geographical regions in México, as well as, the relevance of tropical species, particularly Blomia tropicalis and D. Siboney, in certain areas.
Assuntos
Leitos/parasitologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Pyroglyphidae , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Poeira , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/imunologia , Asma/epidemiologia , Pyroglyphidae/imunologia , Controle de Ácaros e Carrapatos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Altitude , Animais , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/metabolismo , Proteínas de Artrópodes , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/imunologia , Leitos/parasitologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cisteína Endopeptidases , Equador , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Populacionais , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis dust mites are among the most important agents of hypersensitivity reactions in human beings. However, a role of other mites in the etiology of these reactions has not yet been excluded. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the nature of the dust mite fauna and the presence of Der p 1 (allergen 1 of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and Blo t 5 (allergen 5 of Blomia tropicalis) on beds used by individuals with different socioeconomic backgrounds in Salvador, a major Brazilian city and to investigate possible associations of mite frequencies and allergen levels with (a) season of the year, (b) housing characteristics, (c) bed cleaning behaviors that could affect mite densities, and (d) allergy history. METHODS: Dust samples were collected from 459 beds of 101 residences from two groups with different socioeconomic levels (hereafter called wealthy and poor groups) in the city of Salvador, Brazil, for the identification of mite species and determination of Der p 1 and Blo t 5 levels. History of allergy was collected using the ISAAC phase I questionnaire. RESULTS: Eighty nine percent of the beds analyzed harbored at least one mite species. B. tropicalis was found in 71.8%, D. pteronyssinus in 39.9%, Cheyletus sp. in 33.9%, and Gohieria fusca in 21.1% of the beds. B. tropicalis was found with a similar frequency in beds of the two socioeconomic groups; D. pteronyssinus was found more frequently in the beds of the wealthy than of the poor group, whereas the reverse was observed with G. fusca. The concentrations of Der p 1 and Blo t 5 allergens exceeded the cut-off for sensitization of 2 microg/g of dust in 94.0% and 69.3% of the wealthy and poor group beds, respectively. No associations were found between history of allergy and mite species or between history of allergy and the concentrations of mite allergens. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus as the most frequently found mites is consistent with previous reports from tropical regions. The higher frequency of G. fusca in beds of individuals from the poor group than those from the wealthy group could be a consequence of different bed cleaning behaviors between the two groups.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/análise , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/análise , Leitos/parasitologia , Poeira/análise , Pyroglyphidae , Animais , Antígenos de Plantas , Proteínas de Artrópodes , Brasil , Cisteína Endopeptidases , Humanos , Estações do Ano , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População UrbanaRESUMO
Adults, nymphs and nits of the Pediculus humanus were found in a frame-house infesting the clothes and bedding of three inhabitants in a shanty town in S. Paulo county, S. Paulo State. A total of 198 nits were found glued in 15.0 cm2 of fibres of the infested clothing, giving a ratio of 13.2 nits/cm2. Having in view that the precarious living conditions, promiscuity, absence of basic sanitation and negligence of the sanitary authorities in various Brazilian cities, this situation should not be underestimated. This find should be more frequent than an isolated observation.