RESUMO
Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which is characterized by two distinct poles, the tuberculoid pole and the lepromatous pole, depending on the immune response to the bacillus. Langerin-positive cells are dendritic cells that appear to play an essential role in the development of the disease. These cells are specialized in the processing and presentation of antigens, exerting an important function in the activation of the immune system. To evaluate the expression of langerin-positive cells (CD207+) in skin lesion fragments of patients with a diagnosis of M. leprae infection and to associate the expression of these cells with the polar forms of the disease. Langerin-positive cells were detected in larger numbers in lesions of patients with the tuberculoid form compared to those with the lepromatous form. The presence of a larger number of these cells in patients with the tuberculoid form suggests an important participation of langerin-positive cells, capturing antigens and favoring an effective immune response to infection with M. leprae.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/análise , Células Dendríticas/química , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Hanseníase/patologia , Hanseníase/fisiopatologia , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , Pele/patologia , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , MicroscopiaRESUMO
Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. These fungi are endemic in the southern USA and northern Mexico. Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to develop severe forms of this fungal infection. Cytokines play an important role in controlling the fungal infection, but little is known about the predominant immunological environment in human lung tissue from fatal cases. Our aim was to analyze the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and monocyte/macrophages markers (CD14 and CD206) in the granulomas of six fatal cases of coccidioidomycosis. Cytokines and surface markers were higher in coccidioidomycosis cases when compared to control (P < 0.05). CD14 positive cells were increased inside the coccidioidal granuloma when compared to the outside (P < 0.05). No differences were found in the number of CD206+ cells inside the granuloma when compared to the outer population (P > 0.05). Interestingly, an analysis of stain intensity signals showed an increased signaling of CD14, CD206, IL-10 and TNFα inside the granuloma when compared to the outside (P < 0.05). iNOS and IL-12 gene expression were not detected in coccidioidomycosis cases, while IL-10, IL-6 and TGFß gene expression were detected, but the differences when compared to healthy lungs were not significant (P > 0.05). TNFα gene expression was lower in coccidioidomycosis cases when compared to healthy lung (P = 0.05). In conclusion, pro- and anti-inflammatory responses co-exist inside of the granulomas of fatal cases of coccidioidomycosis and the absent of iNOS and IL-12 gene expression may be related with patient's outcome.
Assuntos
Coccidioidomicose/parasitologia , Granuloma/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Idoso , Citocinas/análise , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/análise , Receptor de Manose , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/análise , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the main complications after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical features of GVHD include either an acute (aGVHD) or a chronic (cGVHD) condition that affects locations such as the oral mucosa. While the involvement of the host's dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated in aGVHD, the origin (donor/host) and mechanisms underlying oral cGVHD have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we intend to determine the origin of DCs present in mucosal tissue biopsies from the oral cavity of transplanted patients affected by cGVHD. METHODS: We purified DCs, from oral biopsies of three patients with cGVHD, through immunobeads and subsequently performed DNA extraction. The origin of the obtained DCs was determined by PCR amplification of 13 informative short tandem repeat (STR) alleles. We also characterised the DCs phenotype and the inflammatory infiltrate from biopsies of two patients by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Clinical and histological features of the biopsies were concordant with oral cGVHD. We identified CD11c-, CD207- and CD1a-positive cells in the epithelium and beneath the basal layer. Purification of DCs from the mucosa of patients affected by post-transplantation cGVHD was >95%. PCR-STR data analysis of DCs DNA showed that 100% of analysed cells were of donor origin in all of the evaluated patients. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that resident DCs isolated from the oral tissue of allotransplanted patients affected by cGVHD are originated from the donor. Further research will clarify the role of DCs in the development and/or severity of oral cGVHD.
Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/patologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/patologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Quimeras de Transplante , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD/análise , Antígenos CD1/análise , Antígeno CD11c/análise , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Masculino , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Boca , Transplante Homólogo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Interleukin-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the interleukin-1 family of cytokines. This cytokine exerts many unique biological and immunological effects. To explore the role of IL-18 in inflammatory innate immune responses, we investigated its impact on expression of two toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) and mannose receptor (MR) by human peripheral blood monocytes and its effect on TNF-α, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-10 production. Monocytes from healthy donors were stimulated or not with IL-18 for 18 h, and then the TLR2, TLR4, and MR expression and intracellular TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 production were assessed by flow cytometry and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-10 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. IL-18 treatment was able to increase TLR4 and MR expression by monocytes. The production of TNF-α and IL-10 was also increased by cytokine treatment. However, IL-18 was unable to induce neither IL-12 nor IL-15 production by these cells. Taken together, these results show an important role of IL-18 on the early phase of inflammatory response by promoting the expression of some pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are important during the microbe recognition phase and by inducing some important cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-10.
Assuntos
Citocinas/biossíntese , Interleucina-18/fisiologia , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , Monócitos/imunologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/análise , Adulto , Citocinas/análise , Humanos , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Lectinas Tipo C/fisiologia , Receptor de Manose , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores de Superfície Celular/fisiologia , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/análise , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/fisiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression and distribution patterns of mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and immature DCs (imDCs) in radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DtCs), and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-nine odontogenic cystic lesions (OCLs) (RCs, n = 20; DtCs, n = 15; KCOTs, n = 14) were assessed using the following markers: S100, CD1a and CD207 for imDCs; and CD83 for mDCs. RESULTS: Almost all cases were S100, CD1a, and CD207 positive, whereas 63% were CD83 positive. RCs presented greater number of immunostained cells, followed by DtCs, and KCOTs. The number of S100+ cells was greater than both CD1a+ and CD207+ cells (P < 0.001), which showed approximately similar amounts, followed by lower number of CD83+ cells (P < 0.001) in each OCL type. Different from S100+ cells, both CD1a+ and CD207+ cells on the epithelium (P < 0.05) and CD83+ cells on the capsule (P < 0.05) were preferentially observed. In RCs, significant correlation was found between the thickness epithelium with S100+ and CD1a+ cells, and between the degree of inflammation with CD83+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: Dendritic cell populations in OCLs can be phenotypically heterogeneous, and it could represent distinct lineages and/or functional stages. It is suggested that besides DC-mediated immune cell interactions, DC-mediated tissue differentiation and maintenance in OCLs should also be considered.
Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/classificação , Cistos Odontogênicos/patologia , Adulto , Antígenos CD/análise , Antígenos CD1/análise , Linhagem da Célula , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Cisto Dentígero/patologia , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/análise , Imunofenotipagem , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Masculino , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Cisto Radicular/patologia , Proteínas S100/análise , Antígeno CD83RESUMO
Although very inefficient, sexual transmission of HIV-1 is responsible for more than 80% of infections worldwide. Yet, the presence of HIV in spermatozoa has been a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HIV nucleic acids and the distribution of mannose receptors in sperm cells, and to determine the semen parameters and cytokine levels in ejaculates from HIV-positive patients. The presence of non-seminal cells in purified sperm was revealed by light microscopy, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. HIV nucleic acids were evaluated by nested PCR; the distributions of mannose receptors on the surface of the sperm and cytokine levels in ejaculates were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. Sperm characteristics were determined by conventional methods. HIV DNA was detected in 69.2% of purified sperm from HIV-positive men; in contrast all purified sperm were negative for HIV RNA. The distribution of mannose receptors and cytokine levels in HIV-1-positive men were similar to uninfected individuals. Using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, it was possible to determine that semen parameters of HIV-positive men exhibit different distributions compared to HIV-negative individuals. Finally, these results indicate that viral DNA is present in purified sperm from HIV-positive men and that HIV infection of spermatozoa could be associated with lower seminal parameters as demonstrated by the PCA method. The similar distribution of mannose receptors between infected and uninfected individuals suggests that sperm cells from infected individuals interact normally with oocytes.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/genética , Sêmen/virologia , Espermatozoides/virologia , Adulto , Citocinas/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Masculino , Receptor de Manose , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Sêmen/imunologia , Espermatozoides/químicaRESUMO
We analyzed the gut immune stimulation induced by Gram-positive bacteria: non probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1462 and Lactobacillus acidophilus A9; two potentially probiotic strains: L. acidophilus CRL 924 and Lactobacillusdelbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 423; comparatively with a probiotic strain: Lactobacillus casei CRL 431. We also studied Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 129 and E. coli 13-7 in BALB/c mice. All the strains increased the number of IgA+ cells. We analyzed the cytokines IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-17, IL-12, IL-6 and MIP-1alpha. The Gram(+) strains increased the number of IL-10+ cells. Gram(-) strains did not increase IL-10+ cells, but they increased the number of IL-12+ cells. The probiotic strain increased mainly IFNgamma and TNFalpha. In the study of the receptors TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD-206, we demonstrated that only the probiotic strain increased the number of CD-206+ cells. All the Gram(+) strains increased the number of TLR-2+ cells and the Gram(-) strains of the TLR-4+ cells. The probiotic strain induced the release of IL-6 by a preparation enriched in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria activated different immune receptors and induced a different cytokine profile. The probiotic strain showed a great activity on the immune cells and the enriched population in IEC, activating mainly cells of the innate immune system.
Assuntos
Citocinas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Intestinos/imunologia , Lactobacillus/imunologia , Probióticos , Animais , Citocinas/análise , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/imunologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Lectinas Tipo C/análise , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/análise , Receptor de Manose , Lectinas de Ligação a Manose/análise , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Receptores de Superfície Celular/análise , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) exerts its contraceptive effect by interfering with sperm transport through the female genital tract and with ovulation. However, the possibility cannot be discarded that the device exerts a direct effect on sperm function, thus, helping prevent fertilization. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether LNG at doses comparable to that measured in the uterus during the use of the LNG-IUS affects the detection of D-mannose binding sites or zona pellucida (ZP) receptors on human spermatozoa. The association with acrosomal status was also investigated. METHODS: Seventeen semen samples from fertile men were used, and spermatozoa were separated using a Percoll gradient and incubated for 22 h at 37 degrees C under 5% CO(2) in air. Capacitated spermatozoa were exposed for 30 min to 1,000 or 10,000 ng/mL of LNG or control medium. D-Mannose binding sites were detected using commercial D-mannosylated bovine serum albumin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and the percentage of specific patterns (II and III) was recorded. The acrosome reaction was evaluated using the Pisum sativum technique. RESULTS: Levonorgestrel releasing significantly increased (p < .001) the percentage of spermatozoa with D-mannose receptors localized in pattern III, and this increase was dose dependent and a significant increase (p < .001) in the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Double staining confirmed an association between the location of the zona receptor and acrosomal status. RESULTS: The in vitro exposure of capacitated spermatozoa to the assayed doses of LNG increased the proportion of spermatozoa with fewer chances of interacting with the ZP. Further studies should be carried out to confirm whether this mechanism is part of the contraceptive action of the LNG-IUS.