RESUMO
The Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill is an autochthonous shrub native to Caatinga vegetation, which is found in much of the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast. It is used in popular culture for therapeutic purposes. The latex of Jatropha and its extracts were evaluated for chemical composition, identifying the main secondary metabolites and their pharmacological activities by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Its toxicity was investigated through the acute toxic dose in Wistar rats. The antioxidant action was investigated according to the photocolorimetric method of free radical DPPH. Their antibacterial action was investigated through minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were detected in latex and other extracts, except the aqueous extract. Both latex and ethanolic extracts presented moderate antioxidant activity, as well as anti-bacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pyogenes, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative strains (Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in various dilutions along with the hydroalcoholic extract. J. mollissima latex showed low acute toxicity in rats. Therefore, the results obtained in this research corroborate the popular use of J. mollissima and its therapeutic potential.(AU)
O pinhão-bravo (Jatropha mollissima Pohl Baill.) é um arbusto autóctone da vegetação de caatinga, encontrada em grande parte do semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, utilizado na cultura popular com fins terapêuticos. O látex do pinhão-bravo e os extratos dele derivados foram avaliados quanto à composição química, identificando os principais metabólitos secundários a partir de métodos qualitativos e quantitativo, e quanto as suas atividades farmacológicas. Foram pesquisadas toxicidade, através da dose tóxica aguda em ratos Wistar, ação antioxidante, de acordo com o método fotocolorimétrico do radical livre DPPH, e ação antibacteriana, através da concentração inibitória mínima e da concentração bactericida mínima. Foram detectados fenóis, taninos, flavonoides e saponinas no látex e demais extratos pesquisados, exceto o extrato aquoso. Tanto o látex quanto o extrato etanólico apresentaram moderada atividade antioxidante, como também evidenciaram atividade antibacteriana contra as cepas Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans e Enterococcus faecalis) e Gram-negativas (Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium e Pseudomonas aeruginosa), em várias diluições, juntamente com o extrato hidroalcoólico. O látex do pinhão apresentou ainda baixa toxicidade aguda em ratos. Logo, os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa corroboram o uso popular da J. mollissima e seu potencial terapêutico.(AU)
Assuntos
Jatropha , Látex/química , Látex/farmacologia , Látex/toxicidade , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
The Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill is an autochthonous shrub native to Caatinga vegetation, which is found in much of the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast. It is used in popular culture for therapeutic purposes. The latex of Jatropha and its extracts were evaluated for chemical composition, identifying the main secondary metabolites and their pharmacological activities by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Its toxicity was investigated through the acute toxic dose in Wistar rats. The antioxidant action was investigated according to the photocolorimetric method of free radical DPPH. Their antibacterial action was investigated through minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phenols, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were detected in latex and other extracts, except the aqueous extract. Both latex and ethanolic extracts presented moderate antioxidant activity, as well as anti-bacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pyogenes, S. mutans and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative strains (Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in various dilutions along with the hydroalcoholic extract. J. mollissima latex showed low acute toxicity in rats. Therefore, the results obtained in this research corroborate the popular use of J. mollissima and its therapeutic potential.
O pinhão-bravo (Jatropha mollissima Pohl Baill.) é um arbusto autóctone da vegetação de caatinga, encontrada em grande parte do semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro, utilizado na cultura popular com fins terapêuticos. O látex do pinhão-bravo e os extratos dele derivados foram avaliados quanto à composição química, identificando os principais metabólitos secundários a partir de métodos qualitativos e quantitativo, e quanto as suas atividades farmacológicas. Foram pesquisadas toxicidade, através da dose tóxica aguda em ratos Wistar, ação antioxidante, de acordo com o método fotocolorimétrico do radical livre DPPH, e ação antibacteriana, através da concentração inibitória mínima e da concentração bactericida mínima. Foram detectados fenóis, taninos, flavonoides e saponinas no látex e demais extratos pesquisados, exceto o extrato aquoso. Tanto o látex quanto o extrato etanólico apresentaram moderada atividade antioxidante, como também evidenciaram atividade antibacteriana contra as cepas Gram-positivas (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans e Enterococcus faecalis) e Gram-negativas (Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium e Pseudomonas aeruginosa), em várias diluições, juntamente com o extrato hidroalcoólico. O látex do pinhão apresentou ainda baixa toxicidade aguda em ratos. Logo, os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa corroboram o uso popular da J. mollissima e seu potencial terapêutico.
Assuntos
Jatropha , Látex/farmacologia , Látex/química , Látex/toxicidade , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
The latex obtained from Jatropha curcas (physic nut) is used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of disturbs, including burns, hemorrhoids, ringworm and ulcers. Phytochemical analyses have shown that J. curcas latex contains natural compounds with therapeutic potential. In this study, the toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of J. curcas latex on the root cells of Allium cepa were examined. Onion seeds and bulbs were exposed to seven different concentrations of latex and then the roots were submitted to macro and microscopic analyses. Water and sodium azide were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The analysis of root growth showed that J. curcas crude latex or 50% diluted is highly toxic. Cytogenetic results showed that the mitotic index of the onion roots submitted to latex treatment decreased significantly compared to the negative control, which suggests that the latex is cytotoxic. High incidence of chromosome aberrations in the cells treated with J. curcas latex was observed too, indicating that the latex also presents genotoxic effect. The analyses presented in this report suggest the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of J. curcas latex. Then, the indiscriminate use of J. curcas latex in folk medicine could bring risk to human health.
O látex obtido de Jatropha curcas (pinhão manso) é usado na medicina tradicional para tratamento de diversos distúrbios, como queimaduras, hemorroida, micose e úlcera. Análises fitoquímicas apontaram que o látex de J. curcas contém compostos naturais com potencial terapêutico. Este estudo avaliou a toxicidade, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do látex de J. curcas em células da raiz de Allium cepa. Sementes e bulbos de cebola foram expostos á sete diferentes concentrações de látex e, então, as raízes foram submetidas a análises macro e microscópica. Água e azida sódica foram utilizadas como controle negativo e positivo, respectivamente. A análise do comprimento das raízes mostrou que o látex de J. curcas puro e diluído a 50% é altamente tóxico. O índice mitótico das raízes de cebola submetidas ao tratamento com o látex diminuiu significativamente comparado com o controle negativo, o que sugere que o látex é citotóxico. Uma alta incidência de aberrações cromossômicas em células tratadas com o látex de J. curcas também foi observada, indicando que o látex apresenta efeito genotóxico. Essa análise sugere que o látex de J. curcas possui efeitos tóxico, citotóxico e genotóxico, sendo que o uso indiscriminado do látex de J. curcas na medicina popular pode trazer risco à saúde humana.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais , Jatropha , Genotoxicidade , Látex/toxicidadeRESUMO
Los globos de látex de caucho natural y los guantes de examinación del mismo material inflados como globos, que se entregan a los pacientes para aliviar el estrés de la atención sanitaria en las instituciones de salud tanto públicas como privadas, pueden provocar reacciones de hipersensibilidad de tipo I y son una de las causas más comunes de aspiración fatal. La suelta de globos contaminan el ambiente y agravan la extinción de la fauna y de la vida marina. Los pacientes sensibilizados o alérgicos al látex que participan en los festejos donde se utilizan globos de látex corren el riesgo de una reacción anafiláctica, potencialmente fatal. Aconsejarles no concurrir a dichos eventos, implica impedirles el disfrute de las actividades recreativas que es un derecho de la infancia manifestado en la Declaración de los Derechos del Niño. Muchos hospitales de países desarrollados ya cuentan con una política de prohibición de los globos de látex en sus instituciones, que podría replicarse en nuestro medio por las ventajas que conlleva y su muy bajo costo de implementación (AU)
Natural rubber latex balloons and examining gloves of the same material blown up as balloons to entertain patients to alleviate the stress of care at public and private health institutions, may cause reactions of type-1 hypersensitivity and are the most common cause of fatal asphyxia. Balloons that are released up into the air contaminate the environment and aggravate the extinction of fauna and marine life. Patients who are sensitized or allergic to latex and participate in celebrations in which latex balloons are used are at risk of a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction. To advise them not to participate in these events means to stop them from enjoying recreational activities which is a right manifested in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. In many hospitals in developed countries a policy of prohibition of latex gloves is already in place. This prohibition may be replicated in our environment considering its advantages and very low cost of implementation (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Asfixia , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Riscos Ambientais , Corpos Estranhos , Instalações de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Hipersensibilidade ao Látex , Látex/toxicidadeRESUMO
The latex obtained from Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira tree) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including diarrhea, ulcer, gastritis, tuberculosis, acne and warts. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of H. speciosa latex on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa were examined. Onion bulbs were exposed to different concentrations of latex and then submitted to microscopic analysis using Giemsa stain. Water was used as a negative control and sodium azide as a positive control. The results showed that, under the testing conditions, the mitotic index (MI) of the onion roots submitted to latex treatment did not differ significantly from the negative control, which suggests that the latex is not cytotoxic. Low incidence of chromosome aberrations in the cells treated with H. speciosa latex was also observed, indicating that the latex does not have genotoxic effect either. The MI and the chromosome aberration frequency responded to the latex concentration, requiring more studies to evaluate the dosage effect on genotoxicity. The results indicate that in tested concentrations H. speciosa latex is probably not harmful to human health and may be potentially used in medicine.
Assuntos
Apocynaceae/química , Dano ao DNA , Látex/toxicidade , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Meristema/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice Mitótico , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Cebolas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract The latex obtained from Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira tree) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including diarrhea, ulcer, gastritis, tuberculosis, acne and warts. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of H. speciosa latex on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa were examined. Onion bulbs were exposed to different concentrations of latex and then submitted to microscopic analysis using Giemsa stain. Water was used as a negative control and sodium azide as a positive control. The results showed that, under the testing conditions, the mitotic index (MI) of the onion roots submitted to latex treatment did not differ significantly from the negative control, which suggests that the latex is not cytotoxic. Low incidence of chromosome aberrations in the cells treated with H. speciosa latex was also observed, indicating that the latex does not have genotoxic effect either. The MI and the chromosome aberration frequency responded to the latex concentration, requiring more studies to evaluate the dosage effect on genotoxicity. The results indicate that in tested concentrations H. speciosa latex is probably not harmful to human health and may be potentially used in medicine.
Resumo O látex obtido de Hancornia speciosa é amplamente utilizado na medicina popular para tratar uma variedade de doenças, tais como: diarreia, úlcera, gastrite, tuberculose, acne e verrugas. Nesse estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos citotóxicos e genotóxicos do látex de H. speciosa sobre as células meristemáticas das raízes de Allium cepa. Os bulbos das cebolas foram expostos a diferentes concentrações de látex e depois submetidos à analise microscópica usando o corante Giemsa. A água foi usada como controle negativo e a ázida sódica como controle positivo. Os resultados mostraram que o índice mitótico (IM) das raízes de cebola submetidas ao tratamento com látex, nas condições testadas, não diferiram significativamente do controle negativo, e sugerem que o látex não é citotóxico. Também foi observada uma baixa incidência de aberrações cromossômicas nas células tratadas com látex de H. speciosa, o que sugere que o látex também não possui efeito genotóxico. O IM e a frequência de aberrações cromossômicas foram dependentes da concentração de látex. Outros estudos devem ser realizados para avaliar o efeito da dose na genotoxidade. Os resultados indicam que o látex de mangabeira, nas concentrações testadas, provavelmente não é danoso para saúde humana e pode ter potencial para ser usado na medicina.
Assuntos
Apocynaceae/química , Dano ao DNA , Látex/toxicidade , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice Mitótico , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Meristema/efeitos dos fármacos , Cebolas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sterilisation using peracetic acid (PAA) has been advocated for orthodontic elastic bands. However, cane-loaded elastomeric ligatures can also become contaminated during processing, packaging, and manipulation before placement in the oral cavity and are therefore susceptible, and possible causes, of cross-contamination. AIM: To test the hypothesis that 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), following the sterilisation of elastomers, influences the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures on L929 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and eighty silver elastomeric ligatures were divided into 4 groups of 120 ligatures to produce, Group TP (latex natural, bulk pack, TP Orthodontics), Group M1 (Polyurethane, bulk pack, Morelli), Group M2 (Polyurethane, cane-loaded, Morelli) and Group U (Polyurethane, cane-loaded, Uniden). Of the 120 ligatures in each group, 100 were sterilised in 0.25% PAA at time intervals (N = 20) of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The 20 remaining elastomeric ligatures in each group were not sterilised and served as controls. Cytotoxicity was assessed using L929 cell lines and a dye-uptake method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05) determined statistical relevance. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between TP, Morelli and Uniden elastomerics (p < 0.05), but no difference between the two types of Morelli elastomerics at the 1 hour time interval. In addition, there was a significant difference between Group CC and the other groups assessed, except between Groups CC and TP at the 1 hour time interval. The non-sterilised elastomeric ligatures showed similar cell viability to that observed after 1 hour of standard sterilisation. CONCLUSION: PAA did not significantly influence the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures after a sterilisation time of 1 hour and is therefore recommended for clinical use.
Assuntos
Desinfetantes de Equipamento Odontológico/uso terapêutico , Elastômeros/toxicidade , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Ácido Peracético/uso terapêutico , Esterilização/métodos , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Corantes , Desinfetantes de Equipamento Odontológico/química , Elastômeros/química , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Látex/química , Látex/toxicidade , Teste de Materiais , Vermelho Neutro , Ácido Peracético/química , Poliuretanos/química , Poliuretanos/toxicidade , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) extracts are becoming increasingly visible in pharmaceutical and therapeutical research. The present study is aimed at examining the specific anti-proliferation property of H. brasiliensis latex B-serum sub-fractions against human breast cancer epithelial cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. The results showed that the latex whole B-serum and DBP sub-fraction exerted a specific anti-proliferation activity against cancer-origin cells MDA-MB231 but had little effect on non-cancer-origin cells. On the other hand, the anti-proliferative activity was diminished in the pre-heated B-serum fractions. With the low toxicity that the B-serum demonstrated previously in Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), the present results suggest the potential use of the B-serum sub-fractions in cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Mama/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Hevea/química , Látex/farmacologia , Animais , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Mama/citologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Látex/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hevea brasiliensis extracts could potentially be employed as a relatively low cost resource for various anti-fungal activities due to the simplicity of the extract preparation and its abundance especially in the tropical region. Latex B-serum was reported to have anti-cancer property and its specificity in anti-fungal property has not been elucidated. The present study was conducted to determine the anti-fungal activity of Hevea latex B-serum against Candida (C.) albicans (a rounded cell fungus) and Aspergillus (A.) niger (a filamentous fungus). METHODS AND RESULTS: The results showed that the anti-fungal activity of latex B-serum was specific to C. albicans but not to A. niger. The MIC value of latex B-serum for C. albicans was found to be 2.5 mg/ml. The time-killing profile showed that the growth of C. albicans was inhibited and the inhibition was prolonged throughout the tested time period. Brine shrimp toxicity test showed an LC50 of 461.0 mg/ml with latex B-serum, indicating the non-toxicity of the serum. CONCLUSION: Further purification and identification of the crude extract should point the way to bioactive compound(s) responsible for anti-Candida activity.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Hevea/química , Látex/farmacologia , Animais , Látex/toxicidade , Dose Letal Mediana , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Hevea brasiliensis extract could potentially be employed as a relatively low cost resource for various anti-fungal activities due to the simplicity of latex preparation and the abundance of latex that can be obtained in rubber producing regions. The present study was aimed at examining the species specific anti-fungal property of H. brasilensis latex C-serum against Aspergillus niger. RESULTS: The results showed that the latex C-serum exerted a specific antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, but not Candida albicans. Low toxicity of the C-serum was demonstrated in Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) with an LC50 value of 98.4 mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Pending further more elaborated investigations, H. brasiliensis latex C-serum, with its species specific anti-fungal and cancer-origin cell line specific anti-proliferation properties, would probably contribute in healthcare in addition to its traditional role in polymer industry.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Aspergillus niger/efeitos dos fármacos , Hevea , Látex/farmacologia , Animais , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/toxicidade , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspergillus niger/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos por Disco-Difusão , Hevea/química , Látex/isolamento & purificação , Látex/toxicidade , Dose Letal Mediana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Aveloz é uma planta da família Euphorbiaceae, caracterizada pela produção de um látex tóxico, que quando em contato com mucosas e pele tem ação corrosiva. O uso tópico e contínuo deste látex vem sendo indicado na medicina popular para tratamento de verrugas, e epiteliomas. Para validar o uso popular da Aveloz, o látex ultradiluído e o medicamento homeopático Euphorbia tirucalli L. foram testados in vitro sobre a proliferação de células de melanoma. O látex ultradiluído foi obtido através do processo de diluiçaõ e agitação (método de trituração para fase sólida e sucussão para fase líquida), usando EtOH 70ºGL( Álcool etílico de alcoolatura de 70° Gay Lussac) como insumo inerte nas diluições homeopáticas de 5cH, 15cH e 30cH, conforme preconizado pela Farmacopeia Homeopática Brasileira(FHB). O medicamento homeopático Euphorbia tirucalli foi obtida a partir da tintura-mãe e preparado pelo método hahnemanniano na escala centesimal. Soluções de EtOH 70º GL (0,5 e 5%) foram sucussionadas e usadas como controle neste experimento. Células de melanoma humano foram cultivadas, tratadas e monitoradas pelo método MTT no intervalo de tempo de 24h a 72h. Observou-se que a solução de EtOH 0,5% teve pouco ou nenhum efeito sobreInt J High Dilution Res 2011; 10(36):183-193Proceedings of the XXV GIRI Symposium and VIII CBFH; 2011 Sep 04-07; Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil)190a proliferação de células de melanoma (inibição máxima de 5,1% no grupo 30cH ). Na maioria dos grupos, observou-se uma correlação positiva entre o grau de inibição da proliferação e a diluição dos preparativos, máximo de aumento de 9% no grupo do látex 5%. Além disso, a tintura mãe foi mais ativa do que o látex , no tratamento com 0,5% de látex 30cH mostrou uma inibição de 19,7%, enquanto no tratamento com 0,5% do medicamento homeopático Euphorbia tirucalli 30cH houve uma inibição de 32,1% da proliferação celular (p<0.05). Estes resultados sugerem um possível uso terapêutico do Aveloz em ultra-diluições. (AU)
Aveloz (firestick cactus; Euphorbia tirucalli L.) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, characterized by the production of a toxic latex that has corrosive effects on the skin and mucous membranes. Continual topic use of the latex is recommended by popular medicine to treat warts, and epitheliomas. To validate this indication, ultra diluted latex and homeopathic medicine Euphorbia tirucalli were tested in vitro on the proliferation of melanoma cells. Ultra diluted latex was prepared in homeopathic dilutions 5cH, 15cH and 30cH by dilution and agitation (trituration for solid and sucussion for liquid phases) using 70º GL (Gay Lussac) ethylic alcohol (70º GL EtOH 70ºGL) as inert medium according to the guidelines in Farmacopéia Homeopática Brasileira (FHB). Homeopathic medicine Euphorbia tirucalli was prepared from mother-tincture according to the centesimal Hahnemannian method. Solutions 0.5% and 5% of 70ºGL EtOH were succussed and used as control. Human melanoma cells were cultured, treated and monitored by method MTT for 24 to 72 hours. It was observed that 0.5% 70ºGL EtOH solution had little or no effect on the proliferation of melanoma cells (5.1% maximal inhibition in dilution 30cH). Positive correlation was observed in most groups between inhibition of proliferation and diluted preparations, maximal increase (9%) was seen in with 5% latex. Moreover, mother-tincture proved to be more active than latex; treatment with 0.5% solution of latex 30cH exhibited 19.7% inhibition, whereas treatment with 0.5% solution of Euphorbia tirucalli 30cH exhibited 32.1% inhibition of cell proliferation (p<0.05). These results suggest that high dilutions of firestick cactus (especially dilution 30cH) might have a therapeutic indication in melanoma, further studies are needed in this regard.(AU)
Assuntos
Euphorbia , Látex/toxicidade , Melanoma , Anticorpos Antineoplásicos , Altas PotênciasRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the presence of iris neovascularization in a rabbit-model of retinal neovascularization induced by the intravitreal injection of latex-derived angiogenic fraction microspheres (LAF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight New Zealand rabbits received one intravitreal injection of PLGA (L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with 50 ug of LAF in the right eye (Group A). Microspheres without the LAF (0.1 ml) were injected in controls (Group B; n = 8). Follow-up with clinical evaluation and iris fluorescein angiography was performed after 4 weeks when eyes were processed for light microscopy. RESULTS: All eyes from Group A showed significant vascular dilation, conjunctival hyperemia and neovascularization on the iris surface, after LAF injection. No vascular changes were observed in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: The intravitreal injection of microspheres containing the LAF can induce rubeosis iridis in rabbits and could be used as a simple experimental model for iris neovascularization.
Assuntos
Indutores da Angiogênese/toxicidade , Glaucoma Neovascular/etiologia , Iris/irrigação sanguínea , Látex/toxicidade , Neovascularização Patológica/induzido quimicamente , Indutores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Portadores de Fármacos , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Fundo de Olho , Glaucoma Neovascular/patologia , Injeções Intravítreas , Iris/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Láctico , Látex/administração & dosagem , Microesferas , Neovascularização Patológica/complicações , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Ácido Poliglicólico , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Coelhos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Aim: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cytotoxicity among natural latex elastics of different manufacturers using a L929 cell line culture. Methods: Different latex intra oral elastics (I.D. = 5/16", 4.5 oz.) were tested. The sample was divided into 7 groups of 15 elastic seach: Group AO (American Orthodontics), Group GAC (GAC International), Group TP (TP Orthodontics), Group AD (Aditek), Group AB (Abzil), Group MO (Morelli) and Group UN (Uniden).Cytotoxicity assays were performed by using cell culture medium containing L-929 line cells(mouse fibroblast). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the dye-uptake test, which wasemployed at two different moments (1 and 24 h). Data were compared by ANOVA and Tukeys test(P < 0.05). Results: The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between all groups and the group CC (cell control) at 1 and 24 h. Groups AD, AB, MO and UN were noticeably more cytotoxic than the groups AO, GAC and TP at 1 h. After 24 h, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in all groups. Conclusions: Intraoral elastics from American Orthodontics, GACand TP Orthodontics trademarks induced less cell lysis than Aditek, Abzil, Morelli and Uniden trademarks.
Assuntos
Materiais Dentários/toxicidade , Látex/toxicidade , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Análise de Variância , Materiais Biocompatíveis/toxicidade , Células Cultivadas , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Teste de Materiais , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
O objetivo foi avaliar a citotoxicidade de luvas de procedimento em látex. Foram avaliados três diferentestipos de luvas de procedimento divididos em três grupos assim denominados: 1 (Supermax®),2 (Supermax -Powder Free®) e 3 (Supermax-Microtexturizado®). Utilizou-se 3 grupos controle: positivo(C+) detergente celular Tween 80, negativo (C-) PBS, e controle de célula (CC) cujas não foramexpostas a nenhum material. Após confecção dos corpos de prova, os mesmos foram imersos em meiomínimo essencial Eagle (MEM) por 24 hrs. Passado esse período procedeu-se a remoção do sobrenadantee colocação em contato com os fibroblastos L929. Após contato com o meio, as células foramincubadas por mais 15, 30 e 60 minutos, então foram adicionados 100μl do corante vermelho neutro a0,01%. Uma vez coradas, as mesmas foram fixadas com formoaldeido e então realizada contagem decélulas viáveis em espectrofotômetro (BioTek, Winooski, Vermont, USA). Os valores da quantidade decélulas viáveis, foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) para determinar se havia diferençasestatísticas entre os grupos, e posteriormente ao teste de Tukey (p<0.05). Nos tempos de 15, 30 e 60minutos os grupos 1 e 3 foram os que demonstraram maior quantidade de células viáveis respectivamente.Com 1 hora de contato todos os grupos demonstraram alta toxicidade celular quando comparadoaos C- e CC. Todas as luvas foram citotóxicas nos tempos avaliados. A toxicidade aumentou como aumento de contato das células.
The objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of procedure latex gloves. Three different types ofgloves procedure divided into three groups so called: 1 (Supermax®), 2 (Supermax -- Powder Free®)and 3 (Supermax-Microtexturizado®). We used 3 control groups: positive (C +) cell detergent Tween80, negative (C-) PBS, and control of cell (CC) whose cells were not exposed to any material. Aftermaking the bodies of evidence, they were immersed in Eagle minimum essential medium (MEM) for24 hrs. After this period there has been the removal of supernatant and placed in contact with thefibroblasts L929. After contact with the medium, the cells were incubated for another 15, 30 and 60minutes, which were then added 100 the dye neutral red to 0.01%. Once stained, they were fixedwith formoaldeido and then performed counting of viable cells in spectrophotometer (BioTek, Winooski,Vermont, USA). The values of the quantity of viable cells were subjected to analysis of variance(ANOVA) to determine whether there were statistical differences between groups, and then the Tukeytest (p <0.05). In times of 15, 30 and 60 minutes the groups were 1 and 3 showed that the greatestamount of viable cells respectively. 1 hour of contact with all groups showed high cellular toxicity whencompared to the C-and CC. All gloves were cytotoxic in the time evaluated. The toxicity increased withthe increase of cell contact.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Fibroblastos , Látex/toxicidade , Luvas Cirúrgicas , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Técnicas de Cultura/métodos , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
Plant molluscicides have been regarded as possible alternatives to the costly and environmentally hazardous molluscicides currently available. This study was undertaken to compare the developmental toxicity of a plant molluscicide (Euphorbia milii latex, LAT) with that of three synthetic molluscicidal compounds. Biomphalaria glabrata egg masses (0-15 h after spawning) were exposed to molluscicides for 96 h and thereafter examined up to the 14th day after spawning. Embryo deaths, abnormal embryo development (malformations) and the day of hatching were recorded. Although exhibiting a weak ovicidal effect, LAT markedly impaired the development of snail embryos at concentrations 1000 microg L(-1) and produced anomalies (EC(50)=2040 microg L(-1)) such as abnormal shells, hydropic embryos, cephalic and non-specific malformations. Embryolethal potencies of molluscicides were as follows: triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH; LC(50)=0.30 microg L(-1))>niclosamide (NCL; LC(50)=70 microg L(-1))>copper sulphate (CuSO(4); LC(50)=2190 microg L(-1)) >>> LAT (LC(50)=34030 microg L(-1)). A few malformations were recorded in embryos exposed to concentrations of TPTH within the range of lethal concentrations, while almost no anomalies were noted among those treated with NCL or CuSO(4). A hatching delay (hatching on day 10 after spawning or later) was observed among LAT-exposed embryos. The effects of NCL, TPTH and CuSO4 on hatching were to some extent masked by their marked embryolethality. The no-observed effect concentrations (NOEC) for embryotoxicity were as follows: TPTH, 0.1 microg L(-1); NCL, 25.0 microg L(-1); CuSO(4), 500.0 microg L(-1) and LAT, 500.0 microg L(-1). Results from this study suggest that, although LAT was not acutely embryolethal after a short-term exposure, it markedly disrupted snail development. The marked embryotoxicity of E. milii possibly contributes to its effectiveness as a molluscicide.
Assuntos
Biomphalaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Euphorbia/toxicidade , Látex/toxicidade , Moluscocidas/toxicidade , Animais , Biomphalaria/embriologia , Sulfato de Cobre/toxicidade , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacos , Niclosamida/toxicidade , Compostos Orgânicos de Estanho/toxicidade , Plantas Tóxicas/toxicidade , Teratogênicos/toxicidade , Testes de ToxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Separating elastics may be cytotoxic to the interdental gingival tissues. Both latex and non-latex separating elastics are widely used and both types should be biocompatible. OBJECTIVE: To determine if latex and non-latex orthodontic separating elastics are cytotoxic. METHODS: The cytotoxicity of natural latex (Groups A, D and O) and non-latex (Group M) orthodontic separating elastics were determined by incubating 15 elastics of each type in Eagle's essential medium (MEM), removing the supernatant after 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours and adding it to cultures of L-929 mouse fibroblasts in growth medium (MEM plus glutamine, garamicine, fungizone, sodium bicarbonate, buffered saline and foetal calf serum). To verify the cell response in extreme situations, three additional groups were included: Group CC (cell control), consisting of L-929 cells not exposed to supernatants from the maintenance medium with the elastics; Group C+ (positive control), consisting of Tween 80; Group C- (negative control), consisting of phosphate buffered saline solution. The positive and negative controls were incubated in MEM maintenance medium for 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours and the extracted elutes were added to L-929 line cells incubated in the growth medium. The viability of the cells was determined with neutral red (dye-uptake method) at 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. The data were analysed with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test. The significance level was p < or = 0.05. RESULTS: The elastics in Groups A, D and O induced greater cell lysis at 72 hours compared to the other experimental times. There were statistically significant differences between the cytotoxicity of the elastics in Groups A, D and O in relation to Group CC for experimental times of 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours (p > 0.05). There was not, however, a statistically significant difference between Groups D and CC at 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The latex and non-latex orthodontic separating elastics tested were considered to be biocompatible.
Assuntos
Materiais Dentários/toxicidade , Elastômeros/toxicidade , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Animais , Morte Celular , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Corantes , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Látex/toxicidade , Teste de Materiais , Camundongos , Vermelho Neutro , Elastômeros de Silicone/toxicidade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
An acute toxicity test was performed by using a four-day static renewal test to determine the LC50 value of aqueous extract of Euphorbia royleana latex for the freshwater fsh, Heteropneustes fossilis. The LC50 values, their upper and lower confdence limits and slope functions were calculated. The LC50 values for aqueous extract of Euphorbia royleana latex at various exposure periods were 7.758 mg/L for 24 h, 5.847 mg/L for 48 h, 4.474 mg/L for 72 h and 3.090 mg/L for 96 h. The regression coeffcient showed that there was signifcant negative correlation between exposure time and different LC values. Hence, it is concluded that the concentration to produce toxicity of latex of Euphorbia royleana is comparable and close to the concentration to produce toxicity of synthetic organophosphates pesticides for the fsh H. fossilis. Therefore, adequate precautions must be taken when Euphorbia royleana latex is being used near fsh- inhabited areas.
La prueba de la toxicidad aguda fue realizada utilizando un test estático con renovación, de cuatro días de duración, para determinar el valor de la CL50 de un extracto acuoso del látex de Euphorbia royleana, en el pez de agua dulce Heteropneustes fossilis. Se calcularon el valor de la CL50, los límites de confanza máximo y mínimo y la pendiente. Los valores de la CL50 para el extracto acuoso del látex en varios períodos de exposición fueron 7,758 mg/L para 24 h, 5,847 mg/L para 48 h, 4,474 mg/L para 72 h y 3,090 mg/L para 96 h. El coefciente de regresión mostró una correlación negativa signifcativa entre el tiempo de exposición y diferentes valores de la CL50. Se concluye que la concentración del látex de E. royleana que produce toxicidad es comparable y cercana a la de los plaguicidas sintéticos organofosforados para el pez H. fossilis. Por lo tanto, se deben tomar precauciones adecuadas cuando el látex de E. royleana es utilizado cerca de áreas donde habita el pez H. fossilis.
Assuntos
Animais , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Látex/toxicidade , Peixes-Gato , Ensaio ClínicoRESUMO
Natural latex does not fall into the category of materials known to be entirely inoffensive. The objective of the present in vitro study is to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cytotoxicity between natural latex elastics of different colours. The present article compared different latex intra-oral elastics (5/16 = 7.9 mm). The sample was divided into four groups according to their manufacturer: Group N (Natural latex elastic, Morelli), Group R (Red colour elastic, Morelli) Group Y (Yellow colour elastic, Morelli) and Group G (Green colour elastic, Morelli). Cytotoxicity assays were performed by using cell culture medium containing L-929 line cells (mouse fibroblast). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the dyeuptake test, which was employed at two different moments (1 and 24 h). Data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukeys test (p<0.05). The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups N, R, Y, G and the negative cytotoxicity control at 1 and 24 h (p<0.05), it did not have presented significant difference between the groups N, R, Y, G tested (p>0.05) at 1 and 24 h. Morelli intra-oral elastics were found to be highly cytotoxic, regardless of their colour and immersion time.
El látex natural no entra en la categoría de materiales que se sabe del todo inofensivo. El objetivo del presente estudio in vitro es poner a prueba la hipótesis de que no hay diferencia en la citotoxicidad entre elásticos de látex natural de diferentes colores. El presente artículo compara diferentes elásticos intraorales de látex (5/16 =7,9 mm). La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos según su fabricante: Grupo N (elástico látex, Morelli), Grupo I (elástico de color rojo, Morelli) Grupo Y (elástico de color amarillo, Morelli) y el Grupo G (elástico color verde, Morelli). Pruebas de citotoxicidad se realizaron mediante el uso de medio de cultivo celular que contiene líneas celulares L-929 (fibroblastos de ratón). La citotoxicidad se evaluó mediante el test dye-uptake, que se empleó en dos momentos diferentes (1 y 24 h). Los datos se compararon mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y test de Tukey (p<0,05). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa (p<0,05) entre los grupos N, R, Y, G y la negativa citotoxicidad del control en 1 y 24 h (p<0,05), no han presentado diferencias significativas entre los grupos N, R , Y, G probado (p>0,05) en 1 y 24 h. Elásticos intraorales Morelli resultaron ser altamente citotóxicos, independientemente de su color y tiempo de inmersión.
Assuntos
Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversos , Látex/toxicidade , Materiais Biocompatíveis/toxicidade , Análise de Variância , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Látex/química , Teste de Materiais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Valores de Referência , Sobrevivência CelularRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a difference in cytotoxicity exists between latex and non-latex orthodontic separating elastics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five intra-oral separating elastics from different manufactures (four latex and one non-latex) were divided into five groups of 15 elastics each: Group MA (non-latex elastics, Masel), Group MO (natural latex, Morelli), Group DE (natural latex, Dentaurum), Group TP (natural latex, TP Orthodontics) and Group UN (natural latex, Unitek). The cytotoxicity assay was performed using cell cultures (epithelial HEp-2 cells originating from human laryngeal carcinoma) that were submitted to the cell viability test with neutral red (dye-uptake) at 24, 48, 72 and 168 h. Analysis of variance (anova) with multiple comparisons and Tukey's test were employed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed no statistically significant differences between groups MA, DE, TP and UN in relation to Group CC (cell control) for experimental times of 24, 48 and 168 h (p > 0.05). Morelli, Dentaurum, TP Orthodontics and Unitek elastics induced a great amount of cell lyses at 72 h. CONCLUSION: One can demonstrate that the Masel elastic induced less cell lysis compared with other elastics, but all trademarks were found to be clinically biocompatible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Separating orthodontic elastics are used in the interdental subgingival region with the aim to separate the teeth for placement of orthodontic bands. However, latex has been known to cause allergy. As these materials are widely used in clinical orthodontics, care regarding the cytotoxicity of orthodontic elastics should be taken. Thus, clinically proven biocompatible materials should be acquired whenever possible.
Assuntos
Elastômeros/toxicidade , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Látex/toxicidade , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Aparelhos Ortodônticos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
This study investigated the cytotoxicity exists between latex and non-latex Orthodontic elastomeric ligatures. Six elastomeric ligatures (1 latex, 2 latex-free and 3 polyurethane) from different manufacturers were divided into 6 groups of 15 elastics each: A (Latex-free, American Orthodontics), M (Polyurethane, Morelli), G (Polyurethane,GAC International), Te (Polyurethane, Tecnident), TP (Natural latex,TP Orthodontics) and U (Latex-free,3M Unitek). The cytotoxicity assay was performed using cell cultures (L929 mouse fibroblast cell line), which were subjected to the cell viability test with neutral red ("dye-uptake") at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 28 days. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between Groups M and Te in all experimental periods, except at 2 days. No significant differences (p>0.05) in cell viability were found either among Groups A, G, TP and U or between Groups M and Te at 24 h or among Groups CC, A, G, TP and U at 2 and 28 days. It may be concluded that latex-free elastomeric ligatures from American Orthodontics and Unitek trademarks induced less cell lysis compared to latex and polyurethane ligatures.