RESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare mentholated popsicle with usual care (absolute fasting) in the change of thirst intensity and discomfort of patients in the preoperative fasting. BACKGROUND: Thirst is defined as the desire to drink water, and it is considered to be a multifactorial symptom. In the preoperative fasting, the patient may experience intense thirst, often for a long time, that can lead to feelings of suffocation, desperation, fear and anxiety. DESIGN: A randomised controlled trial. METHODS: Forty patients, aged between 18-60 years, were randomised to mentholated popsicle group or absolute fasting group (twenty in each). The primary outcomes were thirst intensity, evaluated by a numeric scale ranging from 0 (no thirst)-10 (the worst possible thirst), and discomfort from thirst (evaluated by the Perioperative Thirst Discomfort Scale), both measured twice (baseline and after 20 min of intervention). The CONSORT checklist was used to report this study. RESULTS: Mean age was similar in both groups (38 years in the mentholated popsicle group and 39 in the absolute fasting group). At baseline, the mentholated popsicle group had higher median for the scales of intensity (6.5) and discomfort (7.5) from thirst than the absolute fasting group (5.0 and 5.0, respectively). At the end of 20 min, the popsicle group had a statistically significant decrease in intensity and discomfort from thirst (median decreases of 5.0 and 7.0 points, respectively) when compared to the absolute fasting group (median increases of 0.5 and 1.0 points, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The use of mentholated popsicle decreased the intensity and discomfort from thirst, and it is a viable strategy for the management of thirst in the preoperative fasting. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In the preoperative fasting, making mentholated popsicles available to patients is an easy strategy to manage thirst, which might lead to better care.
Assuntos
Gelo , Mentol/administração & dosagem , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/enfermagem , Sede/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Jejum/fisiologia , Jejum/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Background and objectives: Preoperative fasting may lead to undesirable effects in the surgical patient in whom there is a stimulus to ingesting clear liquids until 2 hours before anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying of two different solutions using ultrasound. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 34 healthy volunteers ingested 200 mL of two solutions without residues in two steps: an isotonic solution with carbohydrates, electrolytes, osmolarity of 292 mOsm.L-1, and 36 kcal; and other nutritional supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, osmolarity of 680 mO.L-1, and 300 kcal. After 2 hours, a gastric ultrasound was performed to assess the antrum area and gastric volume, and the relation of gastric volume to weight (vol.w-1), whose value above 1.5 mL.kg-1 was considered a risk for bronchoaspiration. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference between all parameters evaluated 2 hours after the ingestion of nutritional supplementation compared to fasting. The same occurred when the parameters between isotonic solution and nutritional supplementation were compared 2 hours after ingestion. Only one patient had vol.w-1 <1.5 mL.kg-1 2 hours after ingestion of nutritional supplementation; and only one had vol.w-1 >1.5 mL.kg-1 after ingestion of isotonic solution. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that gastric emptying of equal volumes of different solutions depends on their constitution. Those with high caloric and high osmolarity, and with proteins present, 2 hours after ingestion, increased the gastric volumes, which is compatible with the risk of gastric aspiration.
Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O jejum pré-operatório pode levar a efeitos indesejáveis no paciente cirúrgico, em que há um estimulo à ingestão de líquidos sem resíduos até 2 horas antes da anestesia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o esvaziamento gástrico de duas soluções diferentes por meio da ultrassonografia. Métodos: Em um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, cego, 34 voluntários saudáveis ingeriram 200 mL de duas soluções sem resíduos, em duas etapas: uma solução isotônica com carboidratos, eletrólitos, osmolaridade de 292 mOsm.L-1 e 36 kcal; e outra suplementação nutricional, com carboidratos, proteínas, eletrólitos, osmolaridade de 680 mOs.L-1 e 300 kcal. Após 2 horas, fez-se ultrassonografia gástrica com avaliação da área do antro e volume gástrico e relação do volume gástrico sobre o peso (vol.p-1), cujo valor acima de 1,5 mL.kg-1 foi considerado risco para broncoaspiração. Considerou-se p< 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre todos os parâmetros avaliados 2 horas após a ingestão de suplementação nutricional em relação ao jejum. O mesmo ocorreu quando foram comparados os parâmetros entre solução isotônica e suplementação nutricional 2 horas após a ingestão. Apenas um paciente apresentou vol.p-1< 1,5 mL.kg-1 2 horas após a ingestão de suplementação nutricional; e apenas um apresentou vol.p-1 > 1,5 mL.kg-1, após a ingestão de solução isotônica. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que o esvaziamento gástrico de volumes iguais de diferentes soluções depende de sua constituição. Aqueles com alto valor calórico e alta osmolaridade, e com proteínas presentes, 2 horas após a ingestão, aumentaram os volumes gástricos, compatíveis com o risco de aspiração gástrica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Soluções Isotônicas/administração & dosagem , Concentração Osmolar , Estômago/diagnóstico por imagem , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Carboidratos/administração & dosagem , Proteínas/administração & dosagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Jejum/psicologia , Eletrólitos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perception of hunger and satiety and its association with nutrient intake in women who regain weight in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adult women divided into three groups: weight regain (n = 20), stable weight (n = 20) (both at least 24 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery), and non-operated obesity (n = 20). A visual analogue scale measured hunger/satiety perception while fasting, immediately after finishing a test meal, and 180 min after finishing the test meal. The incremental area above or under the curve was calculated. Food intake was analyzed by 3 days of food recall and adjusted for intraindividual variation. To make between-group comparisons, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and independent-samples T tests and Pearson's correlation were used. RESULTS: There were no between-group differences in incremental areas of hunger/satiety, but protein intake was significantly lower among patients who regained weight compared with those who had stable body weight (0.99 ± 0.23 g/kg body weight vs. 1.17 ± 0.21 g/kg body weight, p = 0.047). In the group that regained weight, satiety was correlated positively with usual dietary protein density (r = 0.541; p = 0.017) and negatively with usual carbohydrate intake (r = - 0.663; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Women who regained weight presented similar perceptions of hunger/satiety to those of patients without weight regain and with non-operated obesity. In patients who regained weight postoperatively, satiety perception was correlated positively with usual dietary protein density and inversely with usual carbohydrate intake.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Derivação Gástrica/psicologia , Fome , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Saciação , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Ingestão de Energia , Jejum/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Fome/fisiologia , Masculino , Refeições/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nutrientes/administração & dosagem , Obesidade Mórbida/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Mórbida/psicologia , Percepção , Período Pós-Operatório , Saciação/fisiologia , Aumento de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effects of overnight fasting on handgrip strength of adult inpatients. Methods: A prospective clinical study enrolling 221 adult patients. The endpoints were handgrip strength obtained by dynamometry in three time points (morning after an overnight fasting, after breakfast and after lunch) and the cumulative handgrip strength (mean of handgrip strength after breakfast and lunch) in the same day. The mean of three handgrip strength measures was considered to represent each time point. A cut-off for the mean overnight fasting handgrip strength at the 50th percentile (35.5kg for males and 27.7kg for females) was used for comparisons. We registered the age, sex, current and usual weight (kg), weight loss (kg), diagnosis of cancer, nutritional status, elderly frequency, digestive tract symptoms, type of oral diet, and the amount of dinner ingested the night before handgrip strength (zero intake, until 50%, <100% and 100%). Results: Handgrip strength evaluated after an overnight fasting (31.2±8.7kg) was lesser when compared with handgrip strength after breakfast (31.6±8.8kg; p=0.01), and with cumulative handgrip strength (31.7±8.8kg; p<0.001). Handgrip strength was greater in patients who ingested 100% (33.2±9.1kg versus 30.4±8.4kg; p=0.03) and above 50% of dinner (32.1±8.4kg versus 28.6±8.8kg; p=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that ingesting below 50% of dinner, severe malnutrition, and elderly were independent factors for handgrip strength reduction after overnight fasting. Conclusion: The muscular function was impaired after an overnight fasting of adult patients hospitalized for medical treatment, especially for those with low ingestion, malnourished and elderly.
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do jejum noturno na força muscular de pacientes adultos internados. Métodos: Estudo clínico prospectivo realizado com 221 pacientes adultos. Os desfechos observados foram a força de preensão palmar avaliada pela dinamometria em jejum, após o desjejum, após o almoço, e acumulada (média da força de preensão palmar após desjejum e almoço). Foi considerada a média das três medidas da força de preensão palmar para representar cada momento. O ponto de corte para a média da força de preensão palmar em jejum categorizada no percentil 50 (35,5kg para homens, e 27,7kg para mulheres) foi usado para as comparações. Investigaram-se idade, sexo, peso atual e habitual (kg), perda de peso (kg), diagnóstico de câncer, estado nutricional, frequência de idosos, sintomas do trato digestório, tipo de dieta oral e quantidade ingerida no jantar no dia anterior à mensuração da força de preensão palmar (ingestão zero, até 50%, <100 e 100%). Resultados: A força de preensão palmar após o jejum noturno foi menor que a força após o desjejum (31,1±8,7kg versus 31,6±8,8kg; p=0,01) e quando foi considerada a força acumulada (31,7±8,8kg; p<0,001). A força de preensão palmar em jejum foi maior para os pacientes que ingeriram 100% (33,2±9,1kg versus 30,4±8,4kg; p=0,03) e >50% do jantar (32,1±8,4kg versus 28,6±8,8kg; p=0,006). A análise multivariada mostrou que ingerir menos da metade do jantar, desnutrição grave e ser idoso foram fatores independentes para redução da força de preensão palmar em jejum. Conclusão: A função muscular ficou comprometida após jejum noturno em pacientes adultos internados para tratamento clínico, especialmente nos casos de baixa ingestão alimentar, desnutridos e idosos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Jejum/psicologia , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Pacientes Internados , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Modelos Logísticos , Estado Nutricional , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Refeições/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Objective: To determine the frequency of weight control behaviors (WCBs) and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and weight-based self-evaluation. Methods: Data were collected by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) from 27,501 volunteers (30.4% men, mean age 28.9±8.7 years). Results: The most prevalent WCBs for men and women were exhaustive physical exercise and prolonged fasting, respectively. Frequent exhaustive physical exercise was the only behavior more often adopted by men. BMI was positively associated with WCBs, which were very frequent in obese subjects. About 15% of normal-weight women reported using diuretics and laxatives, and 12.2% reported vomiting as a WCB at least occasionally. Among subjects who regarded body weight highly in their self-evaluation, there was a strong positive association with all WCBs, at similar degrees, in both genders. Compared to those who never base their intrinsic personal value on body weight, those who frequently base intrinsic value on body weight were at 25-30 times higher risk of inducing vomiting. Conclusion: The prevalence of participants adopting WCBs was high, especially in women and obese subjects. Weight-based self-evaluation was more strongly associated with WCBs than BMI.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Brasil/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Jejum/psicologia , Manutenção do Peso CorporalRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Preoperative fasting was long regarded as an important cause of fluid depletion, leading to hemodynamic instability during surgery should replenishment is not promptly instituted. Lately, this traditional point of view has been progressively challenged, and a growing number of authors now propose a more restrictive approach to fluid management, although doubt remains as to the true hemodynamic influence of preoperative fasting. Methods: We designed an observational, analytic, prospective, longitudinal study in which 31 ASA 1 and ASA 2 volunteers underwent an echocardiographic examination both before and after a fasting period of at least 6 hours (h). Data from both static and dynamic preload indices were obtained on both periods, and subsequently compared. Results: Static preload indices exhibited a markedly variable behaviour with fasting. Dynamic indices, however, were far more consistent with one another, all pointing in the same direction, i.e., evidencing no statistically significant change with the fasting period. We also analysed the reliability of dynamic indices to respond to known, intentional preload changes. Aortic velocity time integral (VTI) variation with the passive leg raise manoeuvre was the only variable that proved to be sensitive enough to consistently signal the presence of preload variation. Conclusion: Fasting does not appear to cause a change in preload of conscious volunteers nor does it significantly alter their position in the Frank-Starling curve, even with longer fasting times than usually recommended. Transaortic VTI variation with the passive leg raise manoeuvre is the most robust dynamic index (of those studied) to evaluate preload responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients.
Resumo Introdução: O jejum no pré-operatório é há muito tempo considerado uma importante causa de depleção de líquidos, leva a instabilidade hemodinâmica durante a cirurgia, caso a reposição não seja prontamente instituída. Recentemente, esse ponto de vista tradicional tem sido progressivamente desafiado e um número crescente de autores agora propõe uma abordagem mais restritiva para o controle de líquidos, embora permaneçam dúvidas quanto à verdadeira influência hemodinâmica do jejum no pré-operatório. Métodos: Estudo observacional, analítico, prospectivo e longitudinal, no qual 31 voluntários ASA I e II foram submetidos a exame ecocardiográfico antes e após um período de jejum de no mínimo seis horas. Os dados dos índices de pré-carga tanto estáticos quanto dinâmicos foram obtidos em ambos os períodos e subsequentemente comparados. Resultados: Os índices estáticos de pré-carga mostraram um comportamento acentuadamente variável com o jejum. Os índices dinâmicos, entretanto, foram bem mais consistentes entre si, todos apontam na mesma direção; isto é, não evidenciam alteração estatisticamente significativa com o período de jejum. Analisamos também a confiabilidade dos índices dinâmicos para responder a alterações pré-carga intencionais conhecidas. A variação da integral de velocidade-temo (VTI) aórtica com a manobra de elevação passiva dos membros inferiores foi a única variável que mostrou sensibilidade suficiente para sinalizar de forma consistente a presença de variação na pré-carga. Conclusão: O jejum não pareceu causar uma alteração na pré-carga de voluntários conscientes nem alterou substancialmente a sua posição na curva de Frank-Starling, mesmo com tempos de jejum mais prolongados do que o normalmente recomendado. A variação do VTI transaórtico com a manobra de elevação passiva dos membros inferiores foi o índice dinâmico mais consistente (dos estudados) para avaliar a capacidade de resposta a variações da pré-carga em pacientes que respiram espontaneamente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Ecocardiografia , Jejum/psicologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Longitudinais , Hidratação/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To determine the frequency of weight control behaviors (WCBs) and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and weight-based self-evaluation. METHODS:: Data were collected by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) from 27,501 volunteers (30.4% men, mean age 28.9±8.7 years). RESULTS:: The most prevalent WCBs for men and women were exhaustive physical exercise and prolonged fasting, respectively. Frequent exhaustive physical exercise was the only behavior more often adopted by men. BMI was positively associated with WCBs, which were very frequent in obese subjects. About 15% of normal-weight women reported using diuretics and laxatives, and 12.2% reported vomiting as a WCB at least occasionally. Among subjects who regarded body weight highly in their self-evaluation, there was a strong positive association with all WCBs, at similar degrees, in both genders. Compared to those who never base their intrinsic personal value on body weight, those who frequently base intrinsic value on body weight were at 25-30 times higher risk of inducing vomiting. CONCLUSION:: The prevalence of participants adopting WCBs was high, especially in women and obese subjects. Weight-based self-evaluation was more strongly associated with WCBs than BMI.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Manutenção do Peso Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Jejum/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To identify pediatric caregivers' reactions in outpatient surgery settings. METHODS:: A quantitative descriptive/exploratory survey-based study involving application of a semi-structured questionnaire to 62 caregivers in two hospitals. RESULTS:: Most caregivers (88.7%) were mothers who submitted to preoperative fasting with their children. Nervousness, anxiety and concern were the most common feelings reported by caregivers on the day of the surgery. CONCLUSION:: Medical instructions regarding preoperative procedures had significant positive impacts on patient care, and on patient and caregiver stress levels. OBJETIVO:: Identificar as reações dos acompanhantes de crianças submetidas à cirurgia ambulatorial. MÉTODOS:: Estudo survey descritivo/ exploratório, de caráter quantitativo, realizado em dois hospitais com 62 acompanhantes que responderam um questionário semiestruturado. RESULTADOS:: Constatou-se que a maioria dos acompanhantes era formada por mães (88,7%) e permaneceu em jejum junto das crianças. Todos os acompanhantes referiram sentimentos identificados como nervosismo, ansiedade e preocupação. CONCLUSÃO:: A orientação médica aos procedimentos pré-operatórios foi de grande importância, não somente para o cuidado da criança, mas também do acompanhante, visando diminuir ao máximo o estresse vivenciado por eles.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Acompanhantes Formais em Exames Físicos/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Jejum/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify pediatric caregivers' reactions in outpatient surgery settings. Methods: A quantitative descriptive/exploratory survey-based study involving application of a semi-structured questionnaire to 62 caregivers in two hospitals. Results: Most caregivers (88.7%) were mothers who submitted to preoperative fasting with their children. Nervousness, anxiety and concern were the most common feelings reported by caregivers on the day of the surgery. Conclusion: Medical instructions regarding preoperative procedures had significant positive impacts on patient care, and on patient and caregiver stress levels.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as reações dos acompanhantes de crianças submetidas à cirurgia ambulatorial. Métodos: Estudo survey descritivo/ exploratório, de caráter quantitativo, realizado em dois hospitais com 62 acompanhantes que responderam um questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: Constatou-se que a maioria dos acompanhantes era formada por mães (88,7%) e permaneceu em jejum junto das crianças. Todos os acompanhantes referiram sentimentos identificados como nervosismo, ansiedade e preocupação. Conclusão: A orientação médica aos procedimentos pré-operatórios foi de grande importância, não somente para o cuidado da criança, mas também do acompanhante, visando diminuir ao máximo o estresse vivenciado por eles.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Ansiedade/psicologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Acompanhantes Formais em Exames Físicos/psicologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Fatores de Tempo , Inquéritos e Questionários , Jejum/psicologiaRESUMO
Intermittent fasting prolongs the lifespan and unlike intense stress provides health benefits. Given the role of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the intestinal homeostasis, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of intermittent fasting plus intense stress on secretory IgA (SIgA) production and other mucosal parameters in the duodenum and ileum. Two groups of six mice, with intermittent fasting or fed ad libitum for 12weeks, were submitted to a session of intense stress by a bout of forced swimming. Unstressed ad libitum fed or intermittently fasted groups were included as controls. After sacrifice, we evaluated intestinal SIgA and plasma adrenal hormones, lamina propria IgA+ plasma-cells, mRNA expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, α- and J-chains in the liver and intestinal mucosa, as well as pro- (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and Interferon-γ) and anti- (interleukin-2, -4, -10 and transforming growth factor-ß) inflammatory cytokines in mucosal samples. Under intense stress, intermittent fasting down- or up-modulated the levels of most parameters in the duodenum and ileum, respectively while up-regulated corticosterone levels without affecting epinephrine. Our data suggest intermittent fasting plus intense stress elicited neuroendocrine pathways that differentially controlled IgA and pIgR expression in duodenum and ileum. These findings provide experimental foundations for a presumable impact of intermittent fasting under intense stress on the intestinal homeostasis or inflammation by triggering or reducing the IgA production in ileum or duodenum respectively.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Duodeno/metabolismo , Jejum/metabolismo , Íleo/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina A/biossíntese , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Animais , Jejum/psicologia , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A growing body of research seeks to understand the relationship between mood and eating behaviors. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods provide a method for assessing these processes in natural settings. We used EMA to examine the relationship between mood and eating behaviors in everyday life among women with subclinical disordered eating behaviors. METHOD: Participants (N = 127, age M = 19.6 years, BMI M = 25.5) completed five daily EMA reports on palmtop computers for 1 week. Assessments included measures of negative affect (NA) and eating-related behavior during eating (eating large amounts of food, loss of control over eating, and restricting food intake) and noneating episodes (skip eating to control weight/shape). Time-lagged multilevel models tested mood-eating behavior relationships. RESULTS: Higher NA did not precede any unhealthy eating and weight control behaviors. However, NA was higher when women reported eating large quantities of food, losing control over eating, and restricting food intake during their most recent eating episode, but not after skipping eating to control weight/shape. DISCUSSION: These findings elucidate the processes in daily life that may influence the development and maintenance of unhealthy eating and weight control behaviors that, in turn, can inform interventions.
Assuntos
Afeto , Jejum/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Hiperfagia/psicologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Psicológicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This work was performed to investigate the effect of duration of fasting in the responses of chickens peripherally injected with histamine on the regulation of food intake. The animals were 16-week-old male chickens from layer-strain and the doses of histamine used were 500 and 1000 microg/kg of body weight. The non fasted chickens showed no effect of histamine on the food intake. When the animals were fasted during 4 h, injected with the histamine and immediately refed, the results showed a reduction of food intake only the first 15 min of the experiments with the dose of 1000 mug. In chickens fasted during 16 h or 26 h and refed, the histamine inhibited significantly the food intake at all time with the two doses. When the animals were fasted 16 h and refed during 60 min before the administration of the histamine, there is no inhibition of food intake. No effect on water intake has been registered in all the experiments. The blockade of the action of histamine injected in chickens fasted during 16 h by cimetidine and promethazine, show that the inhibition of food intake occurs through the H1 but not through H2 receptors. The fasting used in paradigm to investigate the effect of drugs such as histamine on the appetite, can affect differently the responses according to its duration, as observed here in chickens.
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejum/psicologia , Histamina/farmacologia , Animais , Cimetidina/farmacologia , Depressão Química , Histamina/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores H2 da Histamina/farmacologia , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Prometazina/farmacologia , Receptores Histamínicos H1/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Histamínicos H2/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Schoolfeeding programmes may benefit children through the relief of hunger. There are no studies on the effects of hunger on the congitive function of malnourished children, who may be particularly vulnerable. We therefore, examined the effects of omitting breakfast on the cognitive functions of chronically undernourished children (n = 30). Malnourished and control subjects were admitted overnight to the ward on two occasions, on week apart. They received a standard dinner (940 Kcals) in the evening. By random assingment, half the children received a standard breakfast (590 Kcals) on the morning of their first visit and a placebo on their second visit. The treatment order was reversed for the other half. Tests of cognitive functioning were given at 11:00 a.m. Since the previously malnourished and the chronically undernourished children behaved similarly, they were combined and compared to the adequately nourished. In the fasted state, the malnourished group had lower scores in fluency but the adequately nourished were not affected (group x treatment, p < 0.05); whereas in arithmetic, the adequately nourished had better scores and the malnourished group was not affected (group x treatment, p< 0.05). When weight-for-height was considered, the wasted children (<90 percent expected weight-for-height) tended to do worse when fasted, and the non-wasted slightly better in short-term memory and problem-solving ability (group x treatment, p<0.05). Omitting breakfast appears to have a detrimental effect in poorly nourished children but not in adequately nourished ones. The former are therefore most likely to benefit from schoolfeeding programmes (AU)