RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis is an important type of cell death contributing to myocardial dysfunction induced by whole body ischemia reperfusion following cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation. Sulforaphane (SFN), known as the activator of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been proven to effectively alleviate regional myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. The present study was designed to investigate whether SFN could improve post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocytes ferroptosis and its potential regulatory mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS: An in vivo pig model of CA and resuscitation was established. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated AC16 cardiomyocytes was constructed as an in vitro model to simulate the process of CA and resuscitation. In vitro experiment, SFN reduced ferroptosis-related ferrous iron, lipid reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde, increased glutathione, and further promoted cell survival after H/R stimulation in AC16 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, the activation of Nrf2 with the SFN decreased interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) expression, then reduced its binding to the promoter of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and finally recovered the latter's transcription after H/R stimulation in AC16 cardiomyocytes. In vivo experiment, SFN reversed abnormal expression of IRF1 and GPX4, inhibited cardiac ferroptosis, and improved myocardial dysfunction after CA and resuscitation in pigs. CONCLUSIONS: SFN could effectively improve myocardial dysfunction after CA and resuscitation, in which the mechanism was potentially related to the inhibition of cardiomyocytes ferroptosis through the regulation of Nrf2/IRF1/GPX4 pathway.
Assuntos
Ferroptose , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon , Isotiocianatos , Miócitos Cardíacos , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase , Transdução de Sinais , Sulfóxidos , Animais , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Suínos , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon/metabolismo , Fator Regulador 1 de Interferon/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Parada Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite of glucose, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and vascular complications. Our previous studies have shown that MGO is associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptotic cell death in endothelial cells (ECs). Pyroptosis is a novel form of inflammatory caspase-1-dependent programmed cell death that is closely associated with the activation of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Recent studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) can inhibit pyroptosis, but the effects and underlying mechanisms by which SFN affects MGO-induced pyroptosis in endothelial cells have not been determined. Here, we found that SFN prevented MGO-induced pyroptosis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that SFN dose-dependently prevented MGO-induced HUVEC pyroptosis, inhibited pyroptosis-associated biochemical changes, and attenuated MGO-induced morphological alterations in mitochondria. SFN pretreatment significantly suppressed MGO-induced ROS production and the inflammatory response by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) signaling pathway by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Similar results were obtained in vivo, and we demonstrated that SFN prevented MGO-induced oxidative damage, inflammation and pyroptosis by reversing the MGO-induced downregulation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway through the upregulation of Nrf2. Additionally, an Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) noticeably attenuated the protective effects of SFN on MGO-induced pyroptosis and ROS generation by inhibiting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and a ROS scavenger (NAC) and a permeability transition pore inhibitor (CsA) completely reversed these effects. Moreover, NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) and caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765) further reduced pyroptosis in endothelial cells that were pretreated with SFN. Collectively, these findings broaden our understanding of the mechanism by which SFN inhibits pyroptosis induced by MGO and suggests important implications for the potential use of SFN in the treatment of vascular diseases.
Assuntos
Glucose , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Inflamassomos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Estresse Oxidativo , Piroptose , Aldeído Pirúvico , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Piroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Aldeído Pirúvico/metabolismo , Aldeído Pirúvico/farmacologia , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucose/metabolismo , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Masculino , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Background: Extracting high-quality total RNA is pivotal for advanced RNA molecular studies, such as Next-generation sequencing and expression microarrays where RNA is hybridized. Despite the development of numerous extraction methods in recent decades, like the cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and the traditional TRIzol reagent methods, their complexity and high costs often impede their application in small-scale laboratories. Therefore, a practical and economical method for RNA extraction that maintains high standards of efficiency and quality needs to be provided to optimize RNA extraction from human and mice tissues. Method: This study proposes enhancements to the TRIzol method by incorporating guanidine isothiocyanate (GITC-T method) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-T method). We evaluated the effectiveness of these modified methods compared to the TRIzol method using a micro-volume UV-visible spectrophotometer, electrophoresis, q-PCR, RNA-Seq, and whole transcriptome sequencing. Result: The micro-volume UV-visible spectrophotometer, electrophoresis, and RNA-Seq demonstrated that the GITC-T method yielded RNA with higher yields, integrity, and purity, while the consistency in RNA quality between the two methods was confirmed. Taking mouse cerebral cortex tissue as a sample, the yield of total RNA extracted by the GITC-T method was 1,959.06 ± 49.68 ng/mg, while the yield of total RNA extracted by the TRIzol method was 1,673.08 ± 86.39 ng/mg. At the same time, the OD260/280 of the total RNA samples extracted by the GITC-T method was 2.03 ± 0.012, and the OD260/230 was 2.17 ± 0.031, while the OD260/280 of the total RNA samples extracted by the TRIzol method was 2.013 ± 0.041 and the OD260/230 was 2.11 ± 0.062. Furthermore, q-PCR indicated that the GITC-T method achieved higher yields, purity, and greater transcript abundance of total RNA from the same types of animal samples than the TRIzol method. Conclusion: The GITC-T method not only yields higher purity and quantity of RNA but also reduces reagent consumption and overall costs, thereby presenting a more feasible option for small-scale laboratory settings.
Assuntos
Guanidinas , Isotiocianatos , RNA , Animais , Camundongos , RNA/isolamento & purificação , RNA/genética , Humanos , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/química , Fenóis , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodosRESUMO
Sulforaphene (4-methylsufinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, SFE), produced by myrosinase hydrolysis of glucoraphenin (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolate) found in radish seeds, is strongly associated with cancer prevention. In this study, we investigated the stability of SFE (purity above 98%) under various thiol-containing compounds at 25 °C, such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), glutathione (GSH), and cysteine (Cys). We observed that the degradation of SFE was closely related to the presence and dissociation capacity of thiol-containing compounds in the solution, particularly the thiol group. We found that the degradation rate of SFE was influenced by incubation with NaHS, GSH, and Cys, with distinct degradation products detected for each of these thiol-containing compounds. Compared to GSH, sulfide and Cys played important roles in promoting the degradation of SFE. Furthermore, we found substantial quantities of hydrogen sulfide in conjunction with SFE during the hydrolysis process of seeds, and a heat treatment of the seeds resulted in increased production of SFE. However, the introduction of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria to the hydrolytic system did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on the degradation of SFE. These results provided a guideline for industries to improve the stability of SFE during preparation.
Assuntos
Isotiocianatos , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Compostos de Sulfidrila/química , Hidrólise , Isotiocianatos/química , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Cisteína/química , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Sementes/química , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa/química , Raphanus/química , Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/químicaRESUMO
Microgreens have recently gained popularity owing to their reliable economic and nutritional value. This study aimed to increase the quality of microgreen broccoli via treatment with different concentrations (1%, IPB-1; 3%, IPB-3; 5%, IPB-5; or 7%, IPB-7 w/v) of illite-a natural mineral powder. The results showed that the illite treatments considerably increased the content of mineral elements, such as Ca, P, and K; of vitamin C; and of free amino acids; and also increased the total weight of the broccoli sprouts. The content of sulforaphane, a bioactive compound, also increased by up to 47% with illite treatment, with the highest increase being in the IPB-5 group. However, several of the parameters were lower in the IPB-7 group. Aromatic compounds were categorized by functional groups such as hydrocarbons which numbered 36, 30, 34, 28, and 30 in the control, IPB-1, IPB-3, IPB-5, and IPB-7 groups, respectively. We found 16, 15, 15, 13, and 14 sulfides, including dimethyl sulfide, in the control, IPB-1, IPB-3, IPB-5, and IPB-7 groups, respectively. Additionally, aldehydes, comprising seven compounds, were detected in the IPB-1, IPB-3, IPB-5, and IPB-7 groups. Illite treatment significantly increased the activities of antioxidants such as DPPH and the polyphenol content of the microgreens. These results indicate a potential role for appropriate illite doses in microgreen treatment to address multinutrient deficiencies and to increase the quality of microgreen vegetables.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Brassica , Brassica/química , Brassica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Sulfóxidos , Minerais/análise , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/química , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Plântula/química , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Sulfetos/análise , Sulfetos/químicaRESUMO
Intestinal permeabilization is central to the pathophysiology of chronic gut inflammation. This study investigated the efficacy of glucoraphanin (GR), prevalent in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, and its derivative sulforaphane (SF), in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced Caco-2 cell monolayers inflammation and permeabilization through the regulation of redox-sensitive events. TNFα binding to its receptor led to a rapid increase in oxidant production and subsequent elevation in the mRNA levels of NOX1, NOX4, and Duox2. GR and SF dose-dependently mitigated both these short- and long-term alterations in redox homeostasis. Downstream, GR and SF inhibited the activation of the redox-sensitive signaling cascades NF-κB (p65 and IKK) and MAPK ERK1/2, which contribute to inflammation and barrier permeabilization. GR (1 µM) and SF (0.5-1 µM) prevented TNFα-induced monolayer permeabilization and the associated reduction in the levels of the tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and ZO-1. Both GR and SF also mitigated TNFα-induced increased mRNA levels of the myosin light chain kinase, which promotes TJ opening. Molecular docking suggests that although GR is mostly not absorbed, it could interact with extracellular and membrane sites in NOX1. Inhibition of NOX1 activity by GR would mitigate TNFα receptor downstream signaling and associated events. These findings support the concept that not only SF, but also GR, could exert systemic health benefits by protecting the intestinal barrier against inflammation-induced permeabilization, in part by regulating redox-sensitive pathways. GR has heretofore not been viewed as a biologically active molecule, but rather, the benign precursor of highly active SF. The consumption of GR and/or SF-rich vegetables or supplements in the diet may offer a means to mitigate the detrimental consequences of intestinal permeabilization, not only in disease states but also in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation of dietary and lifestyle origin.
Assuntos
Glucosinolatos , Imidoésteres , Inflamação , Isotiocianatos , Oximas , Sulfóxidos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Células CACO-2 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Oximas/farmacologia , Imidoésteres/farmacologia , Imidoésteres/metabolismo , Glucosinolatos/farmacologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Junções Íntimas/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMO
Based on previous research, this study synthesized 24 compounds by splicing the substructures of the indolyl group and the isothiocyanate group. Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora capsici, Botrytis cinerea, and Valsa mali were used to test the activity of the target compounds. At 100 µg/mL, compounds 8, 13, 14, and 17 exhibited excellent inhibitory effects of more than 80% on P. capsici, B. cinerea, and V. mail. The EC50 values of compounds 13 and 14 were 0.64 and 2.08 µg/mL, respectively. Potted antifungal activity demonstrated that compounds 13 and 14 had a protective effect of around 80% against B. cinerea at 200 µg/mL. Further physiological and biochemical studies on B. cinerea revealed that compound 13 thickened cell walls and caused mitochondrial vacuolization. Moreover, theoretical calculations indicated that the charge distribution of indolyl isothiocyanate compounds played a crucial role in the observed fungicidal activity. In summary, this study provided fundamental reference data for the derivative synthesis of these indolyl isothiocyanate compounds.
Assuntos
Botrytis , Fungicidas Industriais , Isotiocianatos , Phytophthora , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/química , Isotiocianatos/síntese química , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Fungicidas Industriais/síntese química , Botrytis/efeitos dos fármacos , Botrytis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Phytophthora/efeitos dos fármacos , Alternaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Estrutura Molecular , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Indóis/síntese química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Follicle development, a crucial process in reproductive biology, hinges upon the dynamic proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs). Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF8) is well-known as myostatin for inhibiting skeletal muscle growth, and it also exists in ovarian GCs and follicle fluid. However, the relationship between GCs proliferation and GDF8 remains elusive. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a potent bioactive compound, which in our study has been demonstrated to induce the expression of GDF8 in GCs. Meanwhile, we discover a novel role of SFN in promoting the proliferation of porcine GCs. Specifically, SFN enhances GCs proliferation by accelerating the progression of the cell cycle through the G1 phase to the S phase. By performing gene expression profiling, we showed that the promoting proliferative effects of SFN are highly correlated with the TGF-ß signaling pathways and cell cycle. Among the ligand factors of TGF-ß signaling, we identify GDF8 as a critical downstream effector of SFN, which acts through ALK5 to mediate SFN-induced proliferation and G1/S transition. In addition, we identify a noncanonical downstream pathway by which GDF8 induces the activation of MAPK/ERK to facilitate the cell cycle progression in GCs. Moreover, we reveal that the expression of GDF8 is regulated by SFN through epigenetic modifications of H3K27 acetylation. These findings not only provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of GCs proliferation but also establish a previously unrecognized role of GDF8 in follicle development, which have significant implications for developing strategies to improve female fertility.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Células da Granulosa , Isotiocianatos , Miostatina , Sulfóxidos , Animais , Células da Granulosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Granulosa/metabolismo , Células da Granulosa/citologia , Feminino , Suínos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Miostatina/genética , Miostatina/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Histonas/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta Tipo I/genética , Receptor do Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta Tipo I/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of (R)-(-)-1-isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfinyl)-hexane [(R)-6-HITC], the major isothiocyanate present in wasabi, in an ex vivo model of inflammation using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. (R)-6-HITC improved the immune response and mitigated oxidative stress, which involved suppression of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α) production and downregulation of pro-inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and mPGES-1. In addition, (R)-6-HITC was able to activate the Nrf2/HO-1 axis while simultaneously inhibiting key signaling pathways, including JAK2/STAT3, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and canonical and noncanonical inflammasome pathways, orchestrating its potent immunomodulatory effects. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of (R)-6-HITC as a promising nutraceutical for the management of immuno-inflammatory diseases and justify the need for further in vivo validation studies.
Assuntos
Isotiocianatos , Lipopolissacarídeos , Extratos Vegetais , Wasabia , Animais , Camundongos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Wasabia/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/imunologia , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/imunologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Agentes de Imunomodulação/farmacologia , Agentes de Imunomodulação/química , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/imunologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores Imunológicos/farmacologia , Fatores Imunológicos/químicaRESUMO
The commercial wasabi pastes commonly used for food preparation contain a homologous compound of chemosensory isothiocyanates (ITCs) that elicit an irritating sensation upon consumption. The impact of sniffing dietary alcoholic beverages on the sensation of wasabi spiciness has never been studied. While most sensory evaluation studies focus on individual food and beverages separately, there is a lack of research on the olfactory study of sniffing liquor while consuming wasabi. Here, a methodology is developed that combines the use of an animal behavioral study and a convolutional neural network to analyze the facial expressions of mice when they simultaneously sniff liquor and consume wasabi. The results demonstrate that the trained and validated deep learning model recognizes 29% of the images depicting co-treatment of wasabi and alcohol belonging to the class of the wasabi-negative liquor-positive group without the need for prior training materials filtering. Statistical analysis of mouse grimace scale scores obtained from the selected video frame images reveals a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the presence and absence of liquor. This finding suggests that dietary alcoholic beverages might have a diminishing effect on the wasabi-elicited reactions in mice. This combinatory methodology holds potential for individual ITC compound screening and sensory analyses of spirit components in the future. However, further study is required to investigate the underlying mechanism of alcohol-induced suppression of wasabi pungency.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Redes Neurais de Computação , Animais , Camundongos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Paladar/fisiologia , Olfato/fisiologia , Olfato/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/química , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the expression and biological functions of SIRT3 in colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116), the impacts of sulforaphane on the ferroptosis of HCT-116 cells and the involvement of the SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR axis in those effects. METHODS: SIRT3-overexpressing (OE) and SIRT3-knockout (KO) cell lines were treated with different concentrations of sulforaphane, RSL-3, and IKE. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, MDA, iron levels, as well as mRNA and protein expressions of target genes were measured. RESULTS: SIRT3 expression in HCT-116 cells was increased by ferroptosis inducers and decreased by ferroptosis inhibitors. SIRT3 overexpression reduced cell viability and increased intracellular levels of ROS, MDA, and iron, whereas SIRT3 knockdown achieved the opposite effects. SIRT3 overexpression suppressed SLC7A11 expression and promoted the activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway. Restoration of SLC7A11 expression blocked the effects of SIRT3 on ferroptosis induction and cell viability inhibition. SIRT3 effects on cell viability and ferroptosis were antagonized by inhibitors of AMPK or mTOR. Moreover, sulforaphane triggered the ferroptosis of HCT-116 cells by activating the SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR axis. CONCLUSIONS: SIRT3 triggered SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis in HCT-116 cells, reducing cell viability by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, and sulforaphane targets it to inhibit colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Neoplasias Colorretais , Ferroptose , Isotiocianatos , Transdução de Sinais , Sirtuína 3 , Sulfóxidos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Humanos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Sirtuína 3/metabolismo , Sirtuína 3/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Ferroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HCT116 , Anticarcinógenos/farmacologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on liver injury induced by triphenyltin (TPT) in Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio). The fish (average weight of 56.9±0.4â¯g) were divided into 4 groups with four replicates: the control, TPT, SFN+TPT and SFN groups. Twenty fish were selected from each tank and cultured for 8 weeks. Then, serum and liver samples were collected for physiological, biochemical and metabolomic analyses. In the present study, TPT downregulated the expression of the lysozyme gene, upregulated HSP70 and Hsp90 gene expression, and decreased the activities of serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX). However, dietary SFN alleviated oxidative stress, and prevented changes in immune genes. Metabolomic analysis revealed that TPT exposure changed key metabolites in the main phenylalanine, fatty acid and glycerophosphatide metabolic pathways, which are related to inflammation, oxidative stress and immunity and might also lead to an imbalance of liver energy and lipid metabolism. Dietary SFN promoted amino acid metabolism and increased metabolites related to immunity, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and protein synthesis in liver of C. carpio. In summary, dietary SFN supplementation reversed TPT-induced decreases in immunity and oxidative stress and regulated amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation and immunity-related metabolic pathways.
Assuntos
Carpas , Isotiocianatos , Fígado , Metaboloma , Estresse Oxidativo , Sulfóxidos , Animais , Carpas/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Metaboloma/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Caspase-1 plays a central role in innate immunity, as its activation by inflammasomes induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. However, specific inhibition of the enzymatic activity of this protease is not effective in suppressing inflammation, owing to its enzyme-independent function. Herein, we identified a cyclohexenyl isothiocyanate compound (CIB-1476) that potently inhibited caspase-1 activity and suppressed the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and gasdermin-D-mediated pyroptosis. Mechanistically, CIB-1476 directly targeted pro-caspase-1 as an irreversible covalent inhibitor by binding to Cys285 and Cys397, resulting in more durable anti-inflammatory effects in the suppression of enzyme-dependent IL-1ß production and enzyme-independent nuclear factor κB activation. Chemoproteomic profiling demonstrated the engagement of CIB-1476 with caspase-1. CIB-1476 showed potent therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammasome activation in mice, which was abolished in Casp1-/- mice. These results warrant further development of CIB-1476 along with its analogues as a novel strategy for caspase-1 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Caspase 1 , Inflamassomos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Piroptose , Piroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Animais , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/antagonistas & inibidores , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Inibidores de Caspase/farmacologia , Inibidores de Caspase/química , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/química , Camundongos Knockout , Descoberta de DrogasRESUMO
The intricate nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has presented significant hurdles in the development of effective interventions. Sulforaphane (SFN) is of interest due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, which could address various aspects of AD pathology. This study explores the potential of SFN in a rat model of AD induced by Aß (1-42) peptides. AD symptoms were triggered in rats by injecting Aß (1-42) peptides directly into their cerebral ventricles. SFN (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg), Trigonelline (10 mg/kg), and Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) were administered in Aß (1-42) treated animals. Behavioral assessments were performed using the Novel Object Recognition tests. Various biochemical parameters, such as soluble Aß (1-42), IRS-S312, GSK-3ß, TNF-α, acetylcholinesterase, nitrite levels, lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione activity, were quantified using ELISA kits and spectrophotometric assays. Histopathological analyses included Hematoxylin and Eosin, Crystal Violet, Congo red, and IRS-1 Immunohistochemistry staining. Quantification was performed to assess neuronal loss and Aß plaque burden. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of SFN's impact on multiple AD-related pathways at dual doses. The Novel Object Recognition test revealed that SFN, especially at higher doses, improved memory deficits induced by Aß (1-42). Biochemically, SFN reduced hippocampal Aß levels, IRS-S312, GSK-3ß, TNF-α, and acetylcholinesterase activity, while increasing glutathione levels, all in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological analyses further confirmed SFN's protective role against Aß-induced neuronal damage, amyloidosis, and changes in insulin signaling. These results highlight SFN's potential as a multifaceted therapeutic agent for AD, offering a promising avenue for treatment due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The inclusion of combination treatments with Trigonelline and Pioglitazone alongside SFN offers insights into potential synergistic effects, which could pave the way for developing combination therapies for AD.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Isotiocianatos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Sulfóxidos , Animais , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/toxicidade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/uso terapêutico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/toxicidade , Masculino , Ratos , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The lysosomal Ca2+ channel TRPML1 was found to be responsible for gastric acid secretion in murine gastric parietal cells by inducing the trafficking of H+/K+-ATPase containing tubulovesicles to the apical membrane. Therefore, we hypothesized a similar role of TRPML1 in regulating proton secretion in the immortalized human parietal cell line HGT-1. The primary focus was to investigate the involvement of TRPML1 in proton secretion using the known synthetic agonists ML-SA1 and ML-SA5 and the antagonist ML-SI3 and, furthermore, to identify food-derived compounds that target the channel. Proton secretion stimulated by ML-SA1 was reduced by 122.2 ± 22.7% by the antagonist ML-SI3. The steroid hormone 17ß-estradiol, present in animal-derived foods, diminished the proton secretory effect of ML-SA1 by 63.4 ± 14.5%. We also demonstrated a reduction in the proton secretory effects of ML-SA1 and ML-SA5 on TRPML1 knock-down cells. The food-derived compounds sulforaphane and trehalose promoted proton secretion in HGT-1 cells but may act independently of TRPML1. Also, histamine- and caffeine-induced proton secretion were affected by neither the TRPML1 antagonist ML-SI3 nor the TRPML1 knock-down. In summary, the results obtained suggest that the activation of TRPML1 promotes proton secretion in HGT-1 cells, but the channel may not participate in canonical signaling pathways.
Assuntos
Células Parietais Gástricas , Prótons , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório , Humanos , Células Parietais Gástricas/metabolismo , Células Parietais Gástricas/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório/metabolismo , Canais de Potencial de Receptor Transitório/genética , Linhagem Celular , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estradiol/metabolismo , SulfóxidosRESUMO
Biofumigation was proposed as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the disinfection of agricultural soils, in view of the biocidal effect of isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by some vegetal species, like Brassicaceae. However, biofumigation also presents limitations; thus, a novel and viable alternative could be the direct introduction of ITCs into agricultural soils as components loaded into biodegradable hydrogels. Thus, in this work, ITCs-based microemulsions were developed, which can be loaded into porous polymer-based hydrogel beads based on sodium alginate (ALG) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Three ITCs (ethyl, phenyl, and allyl isothiocyanate) and three different surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate, Brij 35, and Tween 80) were considered. The optimal system was characterized with attenuated ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to study how the microemulsion/gels interaction affects the gel properties, such as the equilibrium water content or free water index. Finally, loading and release profiles were studied by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It was found that CMC hydrogel beads showed a slightly more efficient profile of micelles' release in water with respect to ALG beads. For this reason, and due to the enhanced contribution of Fe(III) to their biocidal properties, CMC-based hydrogels are the most promising in view of the application on real agricultural soils.
Assuntos
Emulsões , Hidrogéis , Isotiocianatos , Solo , Hidrogéis/química , Emulsões/química , Isotiocianatos/química , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Solo/química , Agricultura , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Alginatos/química , Fertilizantes , Carboximetilcelulose Sódica/químicaRESUMO
Background: Diabetic kidney disease is a major contributor to end stage renal disease. A change in kidney oxygen homeostasis leading to decreased tissue oxygen tension is an important factor initiating alterations in kidney function in diabetes. However, the mechanism contributing to changed oxygen homeostasis is still unclear. Hyperglycemia-induced production of reactive oxygen species and an altered response to them have previously been demonstrated. In the present study, chronic treatment with DL-sulforaphane to induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, a master transcriptional regulator binding to antioxidant response elements inducing increased protection against reactive oxygen species, is studied. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic using streptozotocin and either left untreated or received daily subcutaneous injections of DL-sulforaphane for 4 weeks. Age-matched non-diabetic rats served as controls. After 4 weeks of treatment, rats were anesthetized using thiobutabarbital, and kidney functions were studied in terms of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), sodium transport, kidney oxygen consumption, and kidney oxygen tension. Mitochondria was isolated from kidney cortical tissue and investigated using high-resolution respirometry. Results: GFR was increased in diabetics but not RBF resulting in increased filtration fraction in diabetics. DL-sulforaphane treatment did not affect RBF and GFR in controls but decreased the same parameters in diabetics. Increased GFR resulted in increased sodium transport and oxygen consumption, hence decreased efficiency in diabetics compared to controls. Increased oxygen consumption in diabetics resulted in decreased cortical tissue oxygen tension. DL-sulforaphane treatment decreased oxygen consumption in diabetics, whereas transport efficiency was not significantly affected. DL-sulforaphane treatment increased cortical pO2 in diabetics. Conclusions: DL-sulforaphane treatment affects renal hemodynamics, improving cortical oxygen tension but not mitochondrial efficiency.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Hemodinâmica , Isotiocianatos , Rim , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , Consumo de Oxigênio , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sulfóxidos , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Ratos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Masculino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Estreptozocina , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Circulação Renal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismoRESUMO
Methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) isolated from Eutrema japonicum is a promising candidate for the treatment of breast cancer, colorectal and stomach cancer, metabolic syndrome, heart diseases, diabetes, and obesity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Also, its neuroprotective properties, improving cognitive function and protecting dopaminergic neurons, make it an excellent candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases like dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. 6-MSITC acts on many signaling pathways, such as PPAR, AMPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Nrf2/Keap1-ARE, ERK1/2-ELK1/CHOP/DR5, and MAPK. However, despite the very promising results of in vitro and in vivo animal studies and a few human studies, the molecule has not yet been thoroughly tested in the human population. Nonetheless, wasabi should be classified as a "superfood" for the primary and secondary prevention of human diseases. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art research on 6-MSITC and its potential clinical uses, discussing in detail the signaling pathways activated by the molecule and their interactions.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Isotiocianatos , Neoplasias , Obesidade , Wasabia , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Isotiocianatos/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Wasabia/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologiaRESUMO
Microgreens, also called superfoods, emerge because of their high levels of nutrients, diverse flavour profiles, and sustainable cultivation methods, which make them culinary delights and valuable to a healthy and flavorful diet. The present study investigated Brassicaceae family microgreens, proposing a novel system (quality indices) that allows scoring among them. Fourteen Brassica microgreen species were morphological, phytochemical, and sensorial investigated. The morphological assessment revealed that radish microgreens exhibited the highest leaf area (p < 0.05), while red mizuna demonstrated superior yield. Cauliflower microgreens contained the highest concentrations of ascorbic acid (HPLC-DAD) and total phenolic content (p < 0.05). Phytochemical analysis using HPLC-MS/MS identified over 18 glucosinolates and phenolic compounds. Red mustard and red cabbage showed the highest glucosinolate content (p < 0.05). Watercress exhibited the highest phenolic compound content (p < 0.05), primarily flavonoids, while broccoli and radish contained the highest isothiocyanate levels. Cauliflower microgreens resulted in the most consumer-accepted variety. Appling quality indices scoring system identified radish, cauliflower, and broccoli microgreens as the most promising species. This study underscores the potential of Brassica microgreens as an excellent source of health-promoting phytochemicals with favorable market acceptance, providing valuable insights for both nutritional research and commercial applications.
Assuntos
Brassicaceae , Glucosinolatos , Fenóis , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Paladar , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Glucosinolatos/análise , Fenóis/análise , Brassicaceae/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Humanos , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Brassica/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Isotiocianatos/análise , Raphanus/químicaRESUMO
Sulforaphane is considered the bioactive metabolite of glucoraphanin after dietary consumption of broccoli sprouts. Although both molecules pass through the gut lumen to the large intestine in stable form, their biological impact on the first intestinal tract is poorly described. In celiac patients, the function of the small intestine is affected by celiac disease (CD), whose severe outcomes are controlled by gluten-free dietary protocols. Nevertheless, pathological signs of inflammation and oxidative stress may persist. The aim of this study was to compare the biological activity of sulforaphane with its precursor glucoraphanin in a cellular model of gliadin-induced inflammation. Human intestinal epithelial cells (CaCo-2) were stimulated with a pro-inflammatory combination of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1ß) and in-vitro-digested gliadin, while oxidative stress was induced by H2O2. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that sulforaphane from broccoli sprouts was stable after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. It inhibited the release of all chemokines selected as inflammatory read-outs, with a more potent effect against MCP-1 (IC50 = 7.81 µM). On the contrary, glucoraphanin (50 µM) was inactive. The molecules were unable to counteract the oxidative damage to DNA (γ-H2AX) and catalase levels; however, the activity of NF-κB and Nrf-2 was modulated by both molecules. The impact on epithelial permeability (TEER) was also evaluated in a Transwell® model. In the context of a pro-inflammatory combination including gliadin, TEER values were recovered by neither sulforaphane nor glucoraphanin. Conversely, in the context of co-culture with activated macrophages (THP-1), sulforaphane inhibited the release of MCP-1 (IC50 = 20.60 µM) and IL-1ß (IC50 = 1.50 µM) only, but both molecules restored epithelial integrity at 50 µM. Our work suggests that glucoraphanin should not merely be considered as just an inert precursor at the small intestine level, thus suggesting a potential interest in the framework of CD. Its biological activity might imply, at least in part, molecular mechanisms different from sulforaphane.