RESUMO
Systemic isosporosis, also called atoxoplasmosis or visceral coccidiosis, is a disease that affects birds in general. Pathogenesis of systemic isosporosis and its etiologic agent have not been well characterized, but taxonomically Atoxoplasma is currently considered a junior objective synonym of Isospora. The present report aimed to describe pathological and molecular findings of systemic isosporosis in captive green-winged saltators (Saltator similis) from the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. In a commercial breeding facility eleven birds with two to nine months of age died from 2015 to 2016. These birds developed nonspecific clinical signs, including bristly feathers, hyporexia, loss of weight, and apathy. Two birds were necropsied, and grossly there were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, necrosis of lymphoid follicles, hepatic necrosis, and severe enteritis. Merozoites were observed in the heart, small intestine, proventriculus, brain, liver, spleen, and kidneys. 23â¯S RNA PCR amplicons from DNA extracted from the liver and the intestinal contents had 99% identity with Atoxoplasma sp., whereas amplicons of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1â¯haâ¯d 97% identity with Isospora greineri. In conclusion, this report indicates that systemic isosporosis in green-winged saltator is a disease that affects the spleen, liver, and small intestine, with high mortality for young birds, resulting in significant loses to commercial breeding facilities.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/patologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeriidae/isolamento & purificação , Aves Canoras , Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/patologia , Eimeriidae/genética , Isospora/genética , Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Isosporíase/patologia , Isosporíase/veterinária , Filogenia , RNA de Protozoário/genética , RNA Ribossômico 23S/genéticaRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of isosporiasis and its clinical and laboratory pattern in Venezuelan patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 397). At enrollment, they underwent a thorough clinical history and physical examination, and provided stool specimens for the identification of Isospora belli and other parasites. Isospora belli was identified in 56 subjects (14%) and diarrhea, either acute or chronic, was present in 98% of these cases (P < 0.001). Eosinophilia was strongly associated with isosporiasis (P = 0.01). It was also found that the presence of eosinophilia was more common in I. belli-infected patients without weight loss (P < 0.001). Twenty-six (81.25%) subjects with I. belli infection had CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 (P = 0.03). In addition, the data and its description shows the association to be < 100 cells/mm3. This infection seems to be seasonal because the recovery of oocysts occurred mainly in months with significant rainfall. In fact, isosporiasis should be suspected in HIV-infected patients from tropical countries with diarrhea, weight loss, eosinophilia, and low CD4+ cell counts.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Isospora , Isosporíase/epidemiologia , Isosporíase/etiologia , Adulto , Animais , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Isosporíase/patologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We describe the finding of unizoic cysts of Isospora belli in lymphoid tissues of a Brazilian patient with AIDS, and discuss the possibilities of their drug resistance, they being the cause of relapses, and of being an indication for the existence of intermediary or paratenic animal hosts.
Assuntos
Isospora/isolamento & purificação , Isosporíase/parasitologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/parasitologia , Adolescente , Animais , Brasil , Cistos/parasitologia , Cistos/patologia , Sistema Digestório/parasitologia , Sistema Digestório/patologia , Esôfago/parasitologia , Esôfago/patologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Humanos , Isosporíase/patologia , Linfonodos/parasitologia , Linfonodos/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Isospora belli, a coccidian parasite in humans, has been described as causing chronic diarrhea and acalculous cholecystitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Diagnosis can be made at the tissue level in the epithelium of the small bowel and by fecal examination. Disseminated extraintestinal forms are uncommon. We studied 118 adult patients with AIDS and chronic diarrhea using stool analysis and endoscopy with duodenal biopsy specimen collection. These samples were processed by routine histology and transmission electron microscopy. Isosporosis was diagnosed in 8 cases. In 2 of them, unizoite tissue cysts were present in the lamina propria, with negative results in stool materials. The cysts were located within a large parasitophorous vacuole. There were no structural means of differentiating the species level of Isospora based on morphology using light or electron microscopy. We believe further work should be done to determine if unizoite tissue cysts are part of the cycle of I belli or of other species of Isospora that could be pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts.