RESUMO
Many food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have increased their interest in short-chain esters due to their flavor properties. From the industrial standpoint, enzyme reactions are the most economical strategy to reach green products with neither toxicity nor damage to human health. Isoamyl butyrate (pear flavor) was synthesized by isoamyl alcohol (a byproduct of alcohol production) and butyric acid with the use of the immobilized lipase Lipozyme TL IM and hexane as solvents. Reaction variables (temperature, butyric acid concentration, isoamyl alcohol:butyric acid molar ratio and enzyme concentration) were investigated in ester conversion (%), concentration (mol L-1) and productivity (mmol ester g-1 mixture . h), by applying a sequential strategy of the Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) and the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). High isoamyl butyrate conversion of 95.8% was achieved at 24 hours. At 3 hours, the highest isoamyl butyrate concentration (1.64 mol L-1) and productivity (0.19 mmol ester g-1 mixture . h) were obtained under different reaction conditions. Due to high specificity and selectivity of lipases, process parameters of this study and their interaction with the Lipozyme TL IM are fundamental to understand and optimize the system so as to achieve maximum yield to scale up. Results show that fusel oil may be recycled by the green chemistry process proposed by this study.(AU)
Assuntos
Ativação Enzimática , Butiratos/administração & dosagem , Butiratos/análise , Isoamilase , Otimização de Processos/análiseRESUMO
Many food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have increased their interest in short-chain esters due to their flavor properties. From the industrial standpoint, enzyme reactions are the most economical strategy to reach green products with neither toxicity nor damage to human health. Isoamyl butyrate (pear flavor) was synthesized by isoamyl alcohol (a byproduct of alcohol production) and butyric acid with the use of the immobilized lipase Lipozyme TL IM and hexane as solvents. Reaction variables (temperature, butyric acid concentration, isoamyl alcohol:butyric acid molar ratio and enzyme concentration) were investigated in ester conversion (%), concentration (mol L-1) and productivity (mmol ester g-1 mixture . h), by applying a sequential strategy of the Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) and the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). High isoamyl butyrate conversion of 95.8% was achieved at 24 hours. At 3 hours, the highest isoamyl butyrate concentration (1.64 mol L-1) and productivity (0.19 mmol ester g-1 mixture . h) were obtained under different reaction conditions. Due to high specificity and selectivity of lipases, process parameters of this study and their interaction with the Lipozyme TL IM are fundamental to understand and optimize the system so as to achieve maximum yield to scale up. Results show that fusel oil may be recycled by the green chemistry process proposed by this study.
Assuntos
Ativação Enzimática , Butiratos/administração & dosagem , Butiratos/análise , Isoamilase , Otimização de Processos/análiseRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação das enzimas amilase, fitase e protease de formas isoladas e em associação, em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 300 codornas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: uma dieta controle e dietas formuladas com a suplementação de 300 ppm de amilase, 300 ppm de protease e 500 FTU/kg de fitase e com a associação de enzimas. Nas fórmulas com inclusão de enzimas houve aplicação de redução na exigência nutricional de um ou mais dos seguintes componentes: proteína, aminoácidos digestíveis, energia, cálcio e fósforo, valorizando o uso das enzimas. As avaliações foram realizadas em quatro períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliados desempenho (produção média de ovos, consumo de ração, peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar), qualidade dos ovos (proporção dos constituintes do ovo e peso específico dos ovos) e digestibilidade dos nutrientes da ração (coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos nas variáveis analisadas (P>0,05), indicando que as enzimas têm efeito benéfico, isoladamente ou em associação, mantendo o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas...(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of diets for laying Japanese quail with amylase, phytase and protease alone or in combination. Three-hundred quail were assigned to a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and six repetitions, with 10 animals per experimental unit. The treatments were: a control diet and diets supplemented with 300 ppm amylase, 300 ppm protease and 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg and the combination of these enzymes. In the diets containing the enzymes, the nutritional requirements of one or more of the following components were reduced: protein, digestible amino acids, energy, calcium and phosphorus, giving priority to the use of enzymes. The evaluations were performed over four periods of 21 days each. Performance (mean egg production, feed intake, mean egg weight, and feed conversion), egg quality (proportion of egg constituents and specific egg weight), and dietary nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein) were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the treatments on the variables analyzed (P>0.05), indicating that the enzymes, alone or in combination, have beneficial effects, maintaining performance and egg quality of Japanese quail...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Amilases , Isoamilase , Coturnix , Oviparidade , Tamanho da Ninhada , OvosRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação das enzimas amilase, fitase e protease de formas isoladas e em associação, em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 300 codornas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: uma dieta controle e dietas formuladas com a suplementação de 300 ppm de amilase, 300 ppm de protease e 500 FTU/kg de fitase e com a associação de enzimas. Nas fórmulas com inclusão de enzimas houve aplicação de redução na exigência nutricional de um ou mais dos seguintes componentes: proteína, aminoácidos digestíveis, energia, cálcio e fósforo, valorizando o uso das enzimas. As avaliações foram realizadas em quatro períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliados desempenho (produção média de ovos, consumo de ração, peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar), qualidade dos ovos (proporção dos constituintes do ovo e peso específico dos ovos) e digestibilidade dos nutrientes da ração (coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos nas variáveis analisadas (P>0,05), indicando que as enzimas têm efeito benéfico, isoladamente ou em associação, mantendo o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of diets for laying Japanese quail with amylase, phytase and protease alone or in combination. Three-hundred quail were assigned to a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and six repetitions, with 10 animals per experimental unit. The treatments were: a control diet and diets supplemented with 300 ppm amylase, 300 ppm protease and 500 phytase units (FTU)/kg and the combination of these enzymes. In the diets containing the enzymes, the nutritional requirements of one or more of the following components were reduced: protein, digestible amino acids, energy, calcium and phosphorus, giving priority to the use of enzymes. The evaluations were performed over four periods of 21 days each. Performance (mean egg production, feed intake, mean egg weight, and feed conversion), egg quality (proportion of egg constituents and specific egg weight), and dietary nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein) were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the treatments on the variables analyzed (P>0.05), indicating that the enzymes, alone or in combination, have beneficial effects, maintaining performance and egg quality of Japanese quail...
Assuntos
Animais , Amilases , Coturnix , Isoamilase , Oviparidade , Ovos , Tamanho da NinhadaRESUMO
In higher plants, isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme catalyzes the α-1,6-glucosidic linkages of glycogen and phytoglycogen. We cloned an isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme ISA3 cDNA sequence (2883 bp), designated as TaISA3, from common wheat (Triticum aestivum), using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The open reading frame of TaISA3 was found to have 2331 bp, and its deduced amino acid sequence was found to share high similarity with those of other gramineous plant ISA3 proteins. It contains a putative transit peptide (68 amino acids), N-terminus domain (107 amino acids), and a catalytic domain (173 amino acids). We extracted the expressed TaISA3 protein from Escherichia coli (BL21), and measured starch isoamylase activity. During the wheat grain-filling period, transcripts of the TaISA3 gene reached a maximum level at the early developmental stage, then declined, and increased again near the final maturation stage of the grain. We confirm that the ISA3 gene is present in common wheat; it appears to play a role in starch synthesis during early and late stages of the grain-filling period.
Assuntos
Isoamilase/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Sementes/genética , Triticum/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Indução Enzimática , Escherichia coli , Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Isoamilase/química , Isoamilase/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA de Plantas/genética , RNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Sementes/enzimologia , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Amido/química , Triticum/enzimologia , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Amylose and amylopectin are the 2 major components of plant storage starch. The rice starch branching enzyme (RBE) plays an important role in the starch components of rice. In the present study, we selected a specific 195-bp segment from the RBE3 gene to construct hairpin DNA, which was driven by an endosperm-specific high molecular weight glutenin promoter to regulate the biosynthesis of starch. An RNA interference plasmid for the RBE3 gene was constructed to form double-stranded RNA. Following Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation (in the cultivar Zhonghua 11), 41 transgenic plants were identified using PCR and Southern blot analysis. Semi-quantitative real-time PCR revealed that RBE3 gene expression was significantly reduced in immature transgenic seeds. Transgenic rice amylose content had an average increase of 140%. The highest rice amylose content was 47.61% and the growth rate increased 238% compared to the non-transgenic controls. Branching enzyme II activity was notably reduced, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, isoamylase, and pullulanase enzyme activity was markedly reduced in T3 seeds. Relative enzyme activity change explained the reduction in thousand-grain weight in transgenic plants. The present study indicated that amylose content was negatively correlated with branching enzyme II activity, spike size, and thousand-grain weight.
Assuntos
Enzima Ramificadora de 1,4-alfa-Glucana/genética , Amilose/metabolismo , Inativação Gênica , Genes de Plantas , Oryza/metabolismo , Enzima Ramificadora de 1,4-alfa-Glucana/metabolismo , Endosperma/metabolismo , Glucose-1-Fosfato Adenililtransferase/metabolismo , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Isoamilase/metabolismo , Oryza/enzimologia , Oryza/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Sintase do Amido/metabolismoRESUMO
Three isoamylases of Rhyzopertha dominica (termed RdA70, RdA79, and RdA90 according to their relative mobility in gel electrophoresis) were isolated by ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. RdA70 and RdA79 showed an optimal pH of 7.0, whereas for RdA90 the optimal pH was 6.5. The three isoamylases remained stable at 50 degrees C for 1 h, but at 60 degrees C, all lost 50% of their activity in 20 min and were completely inactivated in 1 h. RdA70 and RdA79 were inhibited by albumin extracts from wheat samples varying widely in amylase inhibitory activity; however, RdA90 was highly resistant to inhibition. beta-Mercaptoethanol up to 30 mM increased the activity of the three isoamylases by 2.5-fold. The action pattern of the three isoamylases was typical of endoamylases; however, differences were observed on the hydrolytic efficiency rates measured as V(max)/K(m) ratio on starch, amylopectin, and amylose. The hydrolyzing action of RdA90 on starch and amylopectin (V(max)/K(m)=90.4+/-2.3 and 78.9+/-6.6, respectively) was less efficient than that on amylose (V(max)/K(m)=214+/-23.2). RdA79 efficiently hydrolyzed both amylopectin and amylose (V(max)/K(m)=260.6+/-12.9 and 326.5+/-9.4, respectively). RdA70 hydrolyzed starch and amylose at similar rates (V(max)/K(m)=202.9+/-5.5 and 215.9+/-6.2, respectively), but amylopectin was a poor substrate (V(max)/K(m)=124.2+/-7.4). The overall results suggest that RdA70 and RdA79 appear to belong to a group of saccharifying isoamylases that breaks down long fragments of oligosaccharide chains produced by the hydrolytic action of RdA90. The simultaneous action of the three isoamylases on starch, aside from the high resistance of RdA90 to wheat amylase inhibitors, might allow R. dominica to feed and reproduce successfully on the wheat kernel.
Assuntos
Besouros/enzimologia , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Isoamilase/metabolismo , Albuminas/química , Animais , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Estabilidade Enzimática , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Proteínas de Insetos/química , Proteínas de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Isoamilase/química , Isoamilase/isolamento & purificação , Cinética , Mercaptoetanol/farmacologia , Isoformas de Proteínas/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/isolamento & purificação , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Temperatura , Triticum/genéticaRESUMO
Unripe bananas have a high content of starch (almost 20%) that is metabolized during fruit ripening with a concomitant synthesis of soluble sugars. Since starch granules are composed of amylose and amylopectin, several enzymes have to be involved in its mobilization during banana ripening, with a necessary participation of one starch-debranching enzyme (DBE) to hydrolyze the alpha-1,6-branches of amylopectin. Banana DBE seems to be an isoamylase-type enzyme, as indicated by substrate specificity and the cloning of a 1575 bp cDNA, similar to the isoamylase sequences from potato, Arabdopsis, and maize. The assays for DBE indicated only minor changes in activity during ripening, and the results of the northern and western blots with antiserum against the recombinant banana isoamylase were in agreement with the steady-state level of activity, since no significant changes in gene expression were observed. The high activity on beta-limit dextrin and the similarity to the potato isoform 3 suggest that during banana ripening the hydrolysis of alpha-1,6-linkage of amylopectin results from the activity of a pre-existing isoamylase-type debranching enzyme in coordination with other amylolitic enzymes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of activity and expression of a DBE from a fruit.
Assuntos
Clonagem Molecular , Frutas/enzimologia , Expressão Gênica , Isoamilase/genética , Isoamilase/metabolismo , Musa/enzimologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Isoamilase/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Amido/metabolismo , Especificidade por SubstratoRESUMO
Proteoglycogen glycogenin is linked to the glucose residue of the C-chain reducing end of glycogen. We describe for the first time the release by isoamylase and isolation of C-chain-bound glycogenin (C-glycogenin) from proteoglycogen. The treatment of proteoglycogen with alpha-amylase releases monoglucosylated and diglucosylated glycogenin (a-glycogenin) which is able to autoglucosylate. It had been described that isoamylase splits the glucose-glycogenin linkage of fully autoglucosylated glycogenin previously digested with trypsin, releasing the maltosaccharide moiety. It was also described that carbohydrate-free apo-glycogenin shows higher mobility in SDS-PAGE and twice the autoglucosylation capacity of partly glucosylated glycogenin. On the contrary, we found that the C-glycogenin released from proteoglycogen by isoamylolysis shows lower mobility in SDS-PAGE and about half the autoglucosylation acceptor capacity of the partly glucosylated a-glycogenin. This behavior is consistent with the release of maltosaccharide-bound glycogenin instead of apo-glycogenin. No label was split from auto-[14C]glucosylated C-glycogenin or fully auto-[14C]glucosylated a-glycogenin subjected to isoamylolysis without previous trypsinolysis, thus proving no hydrolysis of the maltosaccharide-tyrosine linkage. The ability of C-glycogenin for autoglucosylation would indicate that the size of the C-chain is lower than the average length of the other glycogen chains.
Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Isoamilase/metabolismo , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Glucose/metabolismo , Glucosiltransferases , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/química , Glicosilação , Cinética , Coelhos , alfa-Amilases/metabolismoRESUMO
As enzimas desramificadoras (DBE) são indispensáveis para a hidrólise das ligações `alfaï(1-6) do amido. Uma DBE tipo-isoamilase foi detectada durante o amadurecimento de banana, apresentando maior afinidade por ß-dextrina limite, seguida por glicogênio, com tamanho de subunidade estimado em 80 kDa. O sequenciamento de parte do gene da enzima de banana mostrou alta homologia com isoamilase de outros vegetais, confirmando sua identidade. A isoamilase de banana apresentou atividade, transcrição e expressão constantes durante o amadurecimento. Quando amostras de banana foram tratadas com 10 ppm de etileno, foi observada uma diminuição no nível de transcrito de isoamilase, porém sem alterações no perfil de atividade e quantidade de proteína expressa, sugerindo que a isoamilase de banana não é regulada por etileno
Assuntos
Etilenos , Análise de Alimentos , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Isoamilase , Biologia Molecular , Amido , Zingiberales , Northern Blotting , Biblioteca Gênica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of serum enzymes for defining the pancreatic phenotype in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), an inherited multisystem condition. STUDY DESIGN: Serum pancreatic trypsinogen and isoamylase were measured in 164 patients known or presumed to have SDS. The diagnosis was confirmed in 90 patients. Among 74 unconfirmed cases, 35 ("probable SDS") had hematologic dysfunction but lacked documented pancreatic dysfunction, whereas 39 patients ("improbable SDS") lacked both documented pancreatic and hematologic dysfunction. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed in 90 patients with SDS and 134 control patients to establish a rule for defining the pancreatic phenotype of SDS; the rule was then applied to the patients with unconfirmed diagnosis. RESULTS: In the control patients, serum trypsinogen showed little variation with age, whereas serum isoamylase values rose from birth on, attaining adult values by 3 years. For patients with SDS, serum trypsinogen values were low in young patients and tended to increase with age, whereas serum isoamylase values remained low at all ages. The CART rule combined results from both enzymes and classified the pancreatic phenotype in all but one SDS patient, who was <3 years of age. Excluding patients <3 years of age, CART identified the pancreatic phenotype in 82% and 7% of the "probable SDS" and "improbable SDS" cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum pancreatic enzymes are useful for determining the pancreatic phenotype and confirming the diagnosis of SDS.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/enzimologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7/enzimologia , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7/genética , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/enzimologia , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/genética , Isoamilase/sangue , Isoamilase/genética , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Tripsinogênio/sangue , Tripsinogênio/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Criança , Proteção da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/sangue , Feminino , Doenças Hematológicas/sangue , Doenças Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Hematológicas/enzimologia , Humanos , Lactente , Bem-Estar do Lactente , Hemorragias Intracranianas/sangue , Hemorragias Intracranianas/enzimologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/mortalidade , Masculino , Fenótipo , Estudos Retrospectivos , SíndromeRESUMO
Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is an inherited condition with multisystemic abnormalities including pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, neutropenia, short stature, and skeletal abnormalities. In this report, we describe the case of a 14-year-old female with a history of neutropenia, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and pancreatic endocrine sufficiency, pancreatic lipomatosis (10), and the development of myeloid leukemia. Postmortem examination revealed a high probability of SDS. We also describe the clinical findings in the patient's six siblings, suggesting this as a familial form of SDS. Because the gene(s) responsible for this syndrome have not yet been identified, genetic confirmation is not yet possible. This is the first report in the literature of a Mexican family with probable SDS.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Osso e Ossos/anormalidades , Caquexia/etiologia , Isoamilase/deficiência , Pâncreas/anormalidades , Tripsina/deficiência , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Medula Óssea/patologia , Calcinose/etiologia , Calcinose/patologia , Doença Celíaca/etiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/etiologia , Nanismo/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Leucemia Mieloide/etiologia , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Masculino , México , Neutropenia/genética , Neutropenia/patologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/complicações , Pâncreas/patologia , Pobreza , Choque Séptico/etiologia , SíndromeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this presentation was to analyze a clinical syndrome characterized by repeated episodes of upper abdominal pain, markedly increased levels of both total amylase and lipase, but with normal values of pancreatic isoamylase. Besides, with the lack of morphologic changes of the pancreatic gland, either by ultrasound, abdominal tomography, or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. MATERIAL, METHODS AND RESULTS: Five female and two male patients, with an average age of 51 +/- 3 were studied. All had been diagnosed as having acute edematous pancreatitis (ranson score < 3). Laboratory tests had disclosed eosinophilia (5-30%); total amylasemia (1547 +/- 398 UA/l); lipasemia (857 +/- 499 UBL/L); normal pancreatic isoamylase (72 +/- 18 UA/L). Upper endoscopy showed nonspecific signs of duodenitis sometimes with duodenal erosions. Collection studies, pre and post Sorbitol, disclosed an unexpected multiple parasitic infestation, e.g.: giardias, ascaris, amoeba, hymenolepis nana. This finding was always suggestively associated with abundant sludge (bilirrubinate cholesterol and oxalate crystals). All patients, after having been submitted to the appropriate antiparasitic medication, were rapidly relieved of their symptoms and remained free of episodes of abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS: When the fact that all our patients had normal pancreatic isoamylase levels and lack of any morphologic distortion of the pancreatic parenchyma is associated to the notion that total amylase and lipase may have as a source the gastrointestinal mucosa, it appears as a logical inference that the clinical syndrome here discussed is indeed primarily a reflection of an extrapancreatic disease, essentially of parasitic duodenitis.
Assuntos
Amilases/sangue , Duodenite/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Lipase/sangue , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Duodenite/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Isoamilase/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Pancreatite/enzimologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this presentation was to analyze a clinical syndrome characterized by repeated episodes of upper abdominal pain, markedly increased levels of both total amylase and lipase, but with normal values of pancreatic isoamylase. Besides, with the lack of morphologic changes of the pancreatic gland, either by ultrasound, abdominal tomography, or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. MATERIAL, METHODS AND RESULTS: Five female and two male patients, with an average age of 51 +/- 3 were studied. All had been diagnosed as having acute edematous pancreatitis (ranson score < 3). Laboratory tests had disclosed eosinophilia (5-30 percent); total amylasemia (1547 +/- 398 UA/l); lipasemia (857 +/- 499 UBL/L); normal pancreatic isoamylase (72 +/- 18 UA/L). Upper endoscopy showed nonspecific signs of duodenitis sometimes with duodenal erosions. Collection studies, pre and post Sorbitol, disclosed an unexpected multiple parasitic infestation, e.g.: giardias, ascaris, amoeba, hymenolepis nana. This finding was always suggestively associated with abundant sludge (bilirrubinate cholesterol and oxalate crystals). All patients, after having been submitted to the appropriate antiparasitic medication, were rapidly relieved of their symptoms and remained free of episodes of abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS: When the fact that all our patients had normal pancreatic isoamylase levels and lack of any morphologic distortion of the pancreatic parenchyma is associated to the notion that total amylase and lipase may have as a source the gastrointestinal mucosa, it appears as a logical inference that the clinical syndrome here discussed is indeed primarily a reflection of an extrapancreatic disease, essentially of parasitic duodenitis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amilases , Duodenite , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Lipase , Pancreatite , Doença Aguda , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Duodenite , Isoamilase , Pâncreas , PancreatiteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this presentation was to analyze a clinical syndrome characterized by repeated episodes of upper abdominal pain, markedly increased levels of both total amylase and lipase, but with normal values of pancreatic isoamylase. Besides, with the lack of morphologic changes of the pancreatic gland, either by ultrasound, abdominal tomography, or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. MATERIAL, METHODS AND RESULTS: Five female and two male patients, with an average age of 51 +/- 3 were studied. All had been diagnosed as having acute edematous pancreatitis (ranson score < 3). Laboratory tests had disclosed eosinophilia (5-30 percent); total amylasemia (1547 +/- 398 UA/l); lipasemia (857 +/- 499 UBL/L); normal pancreatic isoamylase (72 +/- 18 UA/L). Upper endoscopy showed nonspecific signs of duodenitis sometimes with duodenal erosions. Collection studies, pre and post Sorbitol, disclosed an unexpected multiple parasitic infestation, e.g.: giardias, ascaris, amoeba, hymenolepis nana. This finding was always suggestively associated with abundant sludge (bilirrubinate cholesterol and oxalate crystals). All patients, after having been submitted to the appropriate antiparasitic medication, were rapidly relieved of their symptoms and remained free of episodes of abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS: When the fact that all our patients had normal pancreatic isoamylase levels and lack of any morphologic distortion of the pancreatic parenchyma is associated to the notion that total amylase and lipase may have as a source the gastrointestinal mucosa, it appears as a logical inference that the clinical syndrome here discussed is indeed primarily a reflection of an extrapancreatic disease, essentially of parasitic duodenitis. (Au)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amilases/sangue , Duodenite/diagnóstico , Lipase/sangue , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Duodenite/parasitologia , Pancreatite/enzimologia , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Isoamilase , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo fué investigar la utilidad de la determinación de lipasa e isoamilasas en el diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda, compárandolas con la de amilasa y si la evaluación de estas enzimas permite el diagnóstico clínicos diferencial entre pancreatitis aguda y patología biliar aguda sin lesión pancreática. Se estudiaron tres grupos de pacientes. a) Control: 60 pacientes sin enfermedades digestivas. b) Pancreatitis aguda: 60 pacientes, en las que el diagnóstico fue hecho en base al cuadro clínico, análisis de laboratorio, ecografia y T. C. em 24 (40%), en las restantes 36(60%), se obtuvo además confirmación quirúrgica, c) Patología biliar aguda sin daño macroscópico pancreático, 30 pacientes en los que el diagnóstico se hizo de acuerdo al cuadro clínico, análisis de laboratorio y ecografia en 4 (13,3%) mientras que en los restantes 26(86,6%) se obtuvo confirmación quirúrgica, dentro de la semana de haber comenzado el cuadro clínico. En todos los pacientes se determinaram: amilasa en suero y orina, lipasa e isoamilasas total, pancreática y salival en suero. En el grupo con pancreatitis aguda, la sensibilidad diagnóstica fue: isoamilasa pancreática 95,5%, lipasa 95%, amilasa sérica total 93,3%, amilasuria 90%, amilasemia 78,3%. En el grupo de patología aguda biliar, sin daño pancreático, se encontraron también un número elevado de valores de las enzimas: isoamilasa pancreática 83,3%, amilasa sérica total 73,3%, amilasuria 66,6% lipasemia 63,3% amilasemia 53,3%..
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Amilases/sangue , Doenças Biliares/diagnóstico , Isoamilase/sangue , Lipase/sangue , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Saliva/enzimologiaRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo fué investigar la utilidad de la determinación de lipasa e isoamilasas en el diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda, compárandolas con la de amilasa y si la evaluación de estas enzimas permite el diagnóstico clínicos diferencial entre pancreatitis aguda y patología biliar aguda sin lesión pancreática. Se estudiaron tres grupos de pacientes. a) Control: 60 pacientes sin enfermedades digestivas. b) Pancreatitis aguda: 60 pacientes, en las que el diagnóstico fue hecho en base al cuadro clínico, análisis de laboratorio, ecografia y T. C. em 24 (40%), en las restantes 36(60%), se obtuvo además confirmación quirúrgica, c) Patología biliar aguda sin daño macroscópico pancreático, 30 pacientes en los que el diagnóstico se hizo de acuerdo al cuadro clínico, análisis de laboratorio y ecografia en 4 (13,3%) mientras que en los restantes 26(86,6%) se obtuvo confirmación quirúrgica, dentro de la semana de haber comenzado el cuadro clínico. En todos los pacientes se determinaram: amilasa en suero y orina, lipasa e isoamilasas total, pancreática y salival en suero. En el grupo con pancreatitis aguda, la sensibilidad diagnóstica fue: isoamilasa pancreática 95,5%, lipasa 95%, amilasa sérica total 93,3%, amilasuria 90%, amilasemia 78,3%. En el grupo de patología aguda biliar, sin daño pancreático, se encontraron también un número elevado de valores de las enzimas: isoamilasa pancreática 83,3%, amilasa sérica total 73,3%, amilasuria 66,6% lipasemia 63,3% amilasemia 53,3%..
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Doenças Biliares/diagnóstico , Lipase/sangue , Isoamilase/sangue , Amilases/sangue , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pâncreas/enzimologia , Saliva/enzimologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of lipase and isoamylases in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and to determine if its use permits differential diagnosis between acute pancreatitis and acute biliary tract disease. Three groups of patients were studied. a) CONTROL: 60 patients without abdominal diseases. b) Acute pancreatitis: 60 patients, the diagnosis was made according to clinical symptoms, biochemical tests, U.S. and C.T. in 24 (40%), in the remainder 36 (60%) surgical confirmation was obtained. c) Acute biliary tract disease without macroscopic pancreatic damage, 30 patients, the diagnosis was made according to biochemical tests and U.S. in 4 (13.3%) whereas in the remainder 26 (86.6%) surgical confirmation was accomplished no later than a week of the beginning of the symptoms. Biochemical tests: serum and urine amylase, lipase, and total pancreatic and salivary isoamylases were evaluated. In the group of acute pancreatitis the highest diagnostic sensibility was: pancreatic isoamylase 95.5%, lipase 95%, total serum amylase 93.3% urine amylase 90%, serum amylase 78.3%. In acute biliary tract diseases a high number of elevated enzyme values were also found: pancreatic isoamylase 83.3%, total isoamylase 73.3%, urine amylase 66.6%, lipase 63.3%, serum amylase 53.3%. The mean enzyme values of both groups were compared statistically and showed no significant difference. We conclude that lipase and isoamylases are the best markers for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and the differential diagnosis with acute biliary diseases is difficult because an elevation of these enzymes is a characteristic shared by both pathologies. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis based only in clinical symptoms and hyperamylasemia can be erroneous.
Assuntos
Amilases/análise , Doenças Biliares/diagnóstico , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/sangue , Isoamilase/sangue , Lipase/sangue , Pancreatite/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Saliva/enzimologiaRESUMO
Total serum amylase and its pancreatic (P-type) and salivary (S-type) isoamylase activities were measured in 92 individuals without pancreatic or salivary disease. They were divided into three ethnic sub-groups resident in the UK, namely native Britons, Asians and West Indians. The mean total amylase activity was highest in West Indians (383 U/l), intermediate in Asians (317 U/l) and lowest in Britons (179 U/l). Nine of the 28 Asians and 8 of the 16 West Indians had total amylase activities above the upper end of the reference range for Britons. Such a finding, if accompanied by abdominal symptoms, could lead to exhaustive pancreatic investigation in these ethnic groups unless the appropriate reference range is used. Isoenzyme analysis by inhibitor and electrophoretic techniques indicated that the increase in total amylase was due to increase in S-type isoamylase, P-type isoamylase or both. There was a good correlation between results by the two methods. These differences in serum amylase seem to be genetically determined.