RESUMO
Multiple cellular components are involved in pathogen-host interaction during viral infection; in this context, the role of miRNAs have become highly relevant. We assessed the expression of selected miRNAs during an in vitro infection of a Salmo salar cell line with Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a severe disease by the same name. Salmon orthologs for miRNAs that regulate antiviral responses were measured using RT-qPCR in an in vitro time-course assay. We observed a modulation of specific miRNAs expression, where ssa-miR-155-5p was differentially over-expressed. Using in silico analysis, we identified the putative mRNA targets for ssa-miR-155-5p, finding a high prevalence of hosts immune response-related genes; moreover, several mRNAs involved in the viral infective process were also identified as targets for this miRNA. Our results suggest a relevant role for miR-155-5p in Salmo salar during an ISAV infection as a regulator of the immune response to the virus.
Assuntos
Isavirus/imunologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Salmo salar/genética , Salmo salar/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa/genética , Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica/genética , Rim Cefálico/citologia , Rim Cefálico/virologia , Imunidade Inata/genética , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Salmo salar/virologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
Infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is a systemic disease caused by an orthomyxovirus, which has a significant economic impact on the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Currently, there are several commercial ISA vaccines available, however, those products are applied through injection, causing stress in the fish and leaving them susceptible to infectious diseases due to the injection process and associated handling. In this study, we evaluated an oral vaccine against ISA containing a recombinant viral hemagglutinin-esterase and a fusion protein as antigens. Our findings indicated that oral vaccination is able to protect Atlantic salmon against challenge with a high-virulence Chilean isolate. The oral vaccination was also correlated with the induction of IgM-specific antibodies. On the other hand, the vaccine was unable to modulate expression of the antiviral related gene Mx, showing the importance of the humoral response to the disease survival. This study provides new insights into fish protection and immune response induced by an oral vaccine against ISA, but also promises future development of preventive solutions or validation of the current existing therapies.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/prevenção & controle , Isavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Salmo salar , Vacinação/veterinária , Administração Oral , Animais , Chile , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologiaRESUMO
Despite evidence for participation in the host response to infection, the roles of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify lncRNAs in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and evaluate their transcriptomic regulation during ISA virus (ISAV) infection, an Orthomyxoviridae virus associated with high mortalities in salmonid aquaculture. Using next-generation sequencing, whole-transcriptome analysis of the Salmo salar response to ISAV infection was performed, identifying 5,636 putative lncRNAs with a mean length of 695 base pairs. The transcriptional modulation evidenced a similar number of differentially expressed lncRNAs in the gills (3,294), head-kidney (3,275), and liver (3,325) over the course of the infection. Moreover, analysis of a subset of these lncRNAs showed the following: (i) Most were similarly regulated in response to ISA virus infection; (ii) The transcript subsets were uniquely modulated in each tissue (gills, liver, and head-kidney); and (iii) A subset of lncRNAs were upregulated for each tissue and time analysed, indicating potential markers for ISAV infection. These findings represent the first discovery of widespread differential expression of lncRNAs in response to virus infection in non-model species, suggesting that lncRNAs could be involved in regulating the host response during ISAV infection.