RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the inflammatory profile and mood states in the different phases of the menstrual cycle in soccer players with and without premenstrual syndrome (PMS). METHODS: Data on the menstrual cycle and mood states were collected using the Daily Symptom Report and the Brunel Mood Scale. Cytokine and stress hormone concentrations were measured in urine by flow cytometry before and after a game in the luteal phase and in the follicular phase of one menstrual cycle. RESULTS: In all, 59.6% of the athletes had PMS. The PMS group showed higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8 than the athletes without PMS. After the game, IL-6 decreased in the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The tumor necrosis factor-α levels were higher in the group without PMS during the post-game follicular phase than before the game. In the PMS group, tension was higher in the follicular phase before the game and depression was higher in the pre-game luteal phase than in the group without PMS. The PMS group also presented a negative correlation between depression and IL-10 levels in the pre-game follicular phase. Finally, in the pre-game luteal phase were found positive correlations between growth hormone and IL-10. CONCLUSION: PMS influences the inflammatory condition related to mood states and stress hormones in female soccer players.
Assuntos
Afeto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Depressão/psicologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Síndrome Pré-Menstrual/imunologia , Síndrome Pré-Menstrual/psicologia , Futebol , Adolescente , Ansiedade/imunologia , Ansiedade/urina , Atletas , Citocinas/urina , Depressão/imunologia , Depressão/urina , Feminino , Fase Folicular/psicologia , Fase Folicular/urina , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/urina , Humanos , Inflamação/urina , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/urina , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Interleucina-6/urina , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Interleucina-8/urina , Fase Luteal/psicologia , Fase Luteal/urina , Síndrome Pré-Menstrual/urina , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia, a pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, represents the leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The identification of novel and accurate biomarkers that are predictive of preeclampsia is necessary to improve the prognosis of patients with preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preeclampsia predictive value of 34 angiogenic-related proteins. METHODS: We performed a nested cohort case-control study of pregnant women. The profile of the 34 proteins was evaluated at 12, 16, and 20 gestational weeks (GWs), using urine/plasma from 16 women who developed preeclampsia and 20 normotensive pregnant controls by Bio-Plex ProTM Human Cancer Biomarker Panels 1 and 2. RESULTS: The urine concentration of soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), endoglin (ENG), soluble fas ligand (sFASL), interleukin 6 (IL-6), placental growth factor (PLGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) at 12 GW, prolactin (PRL), ANG-2, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), and VEGF-A at 16 GW, and soluble IL-6 receptor alpha (sIL-6Rα), ANG-2 and sFASL at 20 GW, were different between groups (p < 0.05). The concentration cut-off values calculated in this study for the mentioned proteins, predicted an increased risk to developing preeclampsia in a range of 3.8-29.8 times in the study population. CONCLUSION: The proteins sEGFR, HGF, ANG-2, sFASL, IL-6, PLGF, VEGF-A, PRL, TGF-α FGF-b, sHER2/Neu sIL-6Rα, ENG, uPA, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), were predictive of the development of preeclampsia and their use as markers for this disease should be considered.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/urina , Pré-Eclâmpsia/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Angiopoietina-2/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endoglina/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Proteína Ligante Fas/urina , Feminino , Fator de Crescimento de Hepatócito/urina , Humanos , Interleucina-6/urina , Fator de Crescimento Placentário/urina , Pré-Eclâmpsia/urina , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez/urina , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez/urina , Prognóstico , Prolactina/urina , Fator de Crescimento Transformador alfa/urina , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of renal ultrasound (RUS) and urinary IL-6 in the differentiation between acute pyelonephritis (APN) and lower urinary tract infection (LUTI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the Pediatric and urology outpatient and inpatient departments of Cairo University Children's Hospital as well as October 6 University Hospital and it included 155 children between one month and fourteen years old with positive culture UTI. Patients were categorized into APN and LUTI based on their clinical features and laboratory parameters. Thirty healthy children, age and sex matched constituted the control group. Children with positive urine cultures were treated with appropriate antibiotics. Before treatment, urinary IL-6 was measured by enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA), and renal ultrasound (RUS) was done. CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-6 and RUS were repeated on the 14th day of antibiotic treatment to evaluate the changes in their levels in response to treatment. RESULTS: UIL-6 levels were more significantly higher in patients with APN than in patients with LUTI (24.3±19.3pg/mL for APN vs. 7.3±2.7pg/mL in LUTI (95% CI: 2.6-27.4; p< 0.01). Similarly, serum CRP was more significantly higher in patients with APN than in children with LUTI (19.7±9.1µg/mL vs. 5.5±2.3µg/mL (p< 0.01). IL-6 levels >20pg/mL and serum CRP >20µg/mL were highly reliable markers of APN. Mean renal volume and mean volume difference between the two kidneys in the APN group were more than that of the LUTI and control groups (P< 0.001). Renal volume between 120-130% of normal was the best for differentiating APN from LUTI. CONCLUSIONS: RUS and urinary IL-6 levels have a highly dependable role in the differentiation between APN and LUTI especially in places where other investigations are not available and/ or affordable.
Assuntos
Interleucina-6/urina , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Pielonefrite/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Estudos Prospectivos , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the role of renal ultrasound (RUS) and urinary IL-6 in the differentiation between acute pyelonephritis (APN) and lower urinary tract infection (LUTI). Patients and methods: This prospective study was carried out at the Pediatric and urology outpatient and inpatient departments of Cairo University Children's Hospital as well as October 6 University Hospital and it included 155 children between one month and fourteen years old with positive culture UTI. Patients were categorized into APN and LUTI based on their clinical features and laboratory parameters. Thirty healthy children, age and sex matched constituted the control group. Children with positive urine cultures were treated with appropriate antibiotics. Before treatment, urinary IL-6 was measured by enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA), and renal ultrasound (RUS) was done. CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-6 and RUS were repeated on the 14th day of antibiotic treatment to evaluate the changes in their levels in response to treatment. Results: UIL-6 levels were more significantly higher in patients with APN than in patients with LUTI (24.3±19.3pg/mL for APN vs. 7.3±2.7pg/mL in LUTI (95% CI: 2.6-27.4; p<0.01). Similarly, serum CRP was more significantly higher in patients with APN than in children with LUTI (19.7±9.1μg/mL vs. 5.5±2.3μg/mL (p<0.01). IL-6 levels >20pg/mL and serum CRP >20μg/mL were highly reliable markers of APN. Mean renal volume and mean volume difference between the two kidneys in the APN group were more than that of the LUTI and control groups (P<0.001). Renal volume between 120-130% of normal was the best for differentiating APN from LUTI. Conclusions: RUS and urinary IL-6 levels have a highly dependable role in the differentiation between APN and LUTI especially in places where other investigations are not available and/ or affordable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Pielonefrite/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Interleucina-6/urina , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Tamanho do Órgão , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Sintomas do Trato Urinário Inferior/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the presence of albuminuria and cytokines profile with biomarkers of endothelial damage and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The sample was composed by 35 healthy individuals, 63 DM1 patients with normoalbuminuria (<30 mg of albumin/g of creatinine) and 62 DM1 patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria (≥30 mg of albumin/g of creatinine). Plasma and urinary cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) and thrombomodulin levels were determined by ELISA. Oxidative status was evaluated using the TBARS and MTT assays. Diabetic patients were characterized by elevated levels of urinary cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Those with macroalbuminuria presented significantly higher TNF-α and IL-10 urinary levels when compared to other groups. Urinary and plasmatic levels of TNF-α were positively correlated with plasma levels of cystatin C, creatinine, urea and albuminuria, while they were negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Urinary IL-10 levels proved positive correlation with fasting glucose, HbA1c, thrombomodulin and TBARS, while IL-6 plasma levels were positively correlated with HbA1c and albuminuria. Only urinary TNF-α levels were associated with the presence and severity of macroalbuminuria, after logistic regression analysis. This finding suggests that measurement of urinary TNF-α level may be helpful to evaluate progression to nephropathy in DM1 patients.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/urina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Endotélio/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urina , Adulto , Albuminúria , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cistatina C/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-10/urina , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/urina , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Oxidativo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The main side effect of cyclosporine A (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressive drug, is nephrotoxicity. Early detection of CsA-induced acute nephrotoxicity is essential for stop or minimize kidney injury, and timely detection of chronic nephrotoxicity is critical for halting the drug and preventing irreversible kidney injury. This study aimed to identify urinary biomarkers for the detection of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. We allocated salt-depleted rats to receive CsA or vehicle for 7, 14 or 21 days and evaluated renal function and hemodynamics, microalbuminuria, renal macrophage infiltration, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and renal tissue and urinary biomarkers for kidney injury. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibronectin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), TGF-ß, osteopontin, and podocin were assessed in urine. TNF-α, IL-6, fibronectin, osteopontin, TGF-ß, collagen IV, alpha smooth muscle actin (α -SMA) and vimentin were assessed in renal tissue. CsA caused early functional renal dysfunction and microalbuminuria, followed by macrophage infiltration and late tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Urinary TNF-α, KIM-1 and fibronectin increased in the early phase, and urinary TGF-ß and osteopontin increased in the late phase of CsA nephrotoxicity. Urinary biomarkers correlated consistently with renal tissue cytokine expression. In conclusion, early increases in urinary KIM-1, TNF-α, and fibronectin and elevated microalbuminuria indicate acute CsA nephrotoxicity. Late increases in urinary osteopontin and TGF-ß indicate chronic CsA nephrotoxicity. These urinary kidney injury biomarkers correlated well with the renal tissue expression of injury markers and with the temporal development of CsA nephrotoxicity.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/urina , Ciclosporina/toxicidade , Imunossupressores/toxicidade , Nefropatias/etiologia , Animais , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/urina , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fibronectinas/urina , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Imuno-Histoquímica , Interleucina-6/urina , Rim/patologia , Nefropatias/patologia , Nefropatias/urina , Osteopontina/urina , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/urina , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urina , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMO
Exposure to environmental pollutants has been recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular events. 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from traffic-related air pollution. Experimental studies indicate that PAH exposure could be associated with inflammation and atherogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the biomarker of PAH exposure is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress and if these effects modulate the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to air pollution. This study included 60 subjects, comprising 39 taxi drivers and 21 non-occupationally exposed persons. Environmental PM2.5 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels, in addition to biomarkers of exposure and oxidative damage, were determined. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and hs-CRP) and serum levels of oxidised LDL (ox-LDL), auto-antibodies (ox-LDL-Ab) and homocysteine (Hcy) were also evaluated. PM2.5 and BaP exhibited averages of 12.4±6.9 µg m(-3) and 1.0±0.6 ng m(-3), respectively. Urinary 1-OHP levels were increased in taxi drivers compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05) and were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with antioxidants. Furthermore, taxi drivers had elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, biomarkers of oxidative damage, and ox-LDL, ox-LDL-Ab and Hcy levels, although antioxidant enzymes were decreased compared to the non-occupationally exposed subjects (p<0.05). In summary, our findings indicate that taxi drivers showed major exposure to pollutants, such as PAHs, in relation to non-occupationally exposed subjects. This finding was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers and Hcy, which represent important predictors for cardiovascular events. These data suggest a contribution of PAHs to cardiovascular diseases upon occupational exposure.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Condução de Veículo , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carboxihemoglobina/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Creatinina/urina , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/urina , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/urina , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pirenos/urina , Fatores de Risco , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). METHODS: Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to determine serum interleukin (IL)-6, urine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, and IL-8 levels in 56 patients with HFRS. RESULTS: Serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations in HFRS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.001). The concentrations increased at fever stage, then continued to increase during the hypotension stage and peaked at the oliguria stage. The concentrations of serum IL-6, urine TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 increased according to the severity of the disease, and differed greatly among different types of the disease. Serum IL-6 had remarkable relationships with serum specific antibodies. It was positively related to serum ß2-microglobulin (ß2-MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). Significant positive relationships were also found both between urine IL-6 and TNF, and between IL-6 and IL-8 (r=0.5768, p<0.05; r=0.3760, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 were activated during the course of the disease. IL-6 was associated with the immunopathological lesions caused by the hyperfunction of the humoral immune response. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were involved in renal immune impairment. Determining them might, to a certain extent, be useful in predicting the prognosis and outcome of patients with HFRS.
Assuntos
Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/etiologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/urina , Interleucina-8/urina , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/sangue , Febre Hemorrágica com Síndrome Renal/urina , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that cytokines modulate bone turnover. Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) seems to be associated with bone mineral loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess cytokines involved in bone turnover in patients with IH. METHODS: Plasma and spot-urine levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) were measured in 70 children and adolescents with IH and in 37 healthy controls. Patients with IH were subdivided according to their calciuria at the time of sample collection: ≥4 mg/kg/day (persistent IH, n=27) and below 4 mg/kg/day (controlled IH, n=43). Cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: Plasma and urinary concentrations of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were undetectable in all groups. No differences were found between controlled and persistent hypercalciuria for plasma and urinary levels of MCP-1 and TGF-ß1. On the other hand, MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in both subgroups of IH in comparison to healthy controls. Furthermore, urinary MCP-1 levels of IH patients correlated positively with bone mineral content (p=0.013). CONCLUSION: Although cytokine measurements did not allow the differentiation between persistent and controlled IH, our findings suggest that MCP-1 might play a role in patients with IH.
Assuntos
Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/urina , Hipercalciúria/imunologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Densidade Óssea , Remodelação Óssea , Brasil , Cálcio/urina , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Quimiocina CCL2/urina , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercalciúria/sangue , Hipercalciúria/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipercalciúria/urina , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/urina , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/urina , Interleucina-8/sangue , Interleucina-8/urina , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/urina , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/urina , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this study, we investigated in groups of female BALB/c mice injected with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Cdt) the renal function based on creatinine clearance, percentage of fractional excretion cytokines and histological examination of renal tissue. Cdt caused renal alterations that induced proteinuria during the initial hours post-venom and reduced creatinine clearance 15 min. up to 2 hours post-venom administration. In urine from mice injected with Cdt induced a decrease in IL-4 levels. More pronounced increments of IL-5, IL-6 and IFN-γ were observed after 15 and 30 min, respectively. The highest levels of TNF and IL-10 were observed at 1 and 4 hs, respectively. The ratios of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in animals injected with Cdt, which may be manifested in the inflammatory status during the envenoming. In groups of animals treated with Cdt were observed a decreasing in creatinine clearance and its effect on glomerular filtration rate was accompanied by decreased fractional excretion of cytokines and morphologic disturbances. This loss of change selectively in envenomation could thus explain why the relatively excretion of cytokines is reduced while of total proteins increases. In conclusion the fractional excretion of cytokines is significantly reduced in mice injected with Cdt, despite proteinuria.
Assuntos
Venenos de Crotalídeos/farmacologia , Crotalus , Mediadores da Inflamação/urina , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Creatinina/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/urina , Interleucina-10/urina , Interleucina-4/urina , Interleucina-5/urina , Interleucina-6/urina , Rim/fisiologia , Testes de Função Renal , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether renal vasculitis is the sole cause or merely a contributing cause of renal inflammation in Kawasaki disease (KD). STUDY DESIGN: This prospective study in a university medical center in Taiwan enrolled 24 children with KD between June 2004 and November 2005. All patients underwent a technetium-99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy single-photon emission computed tomography scan, the results of which were used to group the patients with KD as with or without renal involvement. Urine samples underwent a cytokine analysis. Renal Doppler ultrasonography was used to evaluate renal vasculitis by measuring the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). RESULTS: Ten of the 24 patients (42%) with renal inflammatory foci were the study group; the remainder composed the control group. Urinary interleukin (IL)-6 levels were significantly higher in the study group (496.7 +/- 310.9 vs 115.0 +/- 65.9 ng/g urinary creatinine; P < .01), as were PI values (1.85 +/- 0.70 vs 1.44 +/- 0.53; P < .05). Urinary IL-6 levels and PI values were significantly (P < .05) correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Increased urinary IL-6 and elevated renal Doppler measures suggest that immune-mediated vasculitis is one of the mechanisms causing renal inflammation in KD.