RESUMO
Con datos disponibles de los estudios epidemiologicos sobre la enfermedad de Chagas en Bolivia, los autores intentan estimar las cifras de magnitud e importancia de este dano. La prevalencia de la infeccion chagasica en dadores de Sangre del area endemica oscila entre el 28 y 62.1 por ciento y la probabilidad de transmision (en uan se estima en 12.5 por ciento. Se calcula en 437 casos por ano el numero de chagasicos transmitidos por transfusion de sangre. Se estima en 4486 abortos provocado por la transmision congenita de la enfermedad de chagas y en 4.988 recien nacidos afectados por este tipo de transmision por ano. Se calcula la incidencia en 86.676 casos de chagas agudos transmitidos por vector y en 113.367 casos de cardiopatia chagasica. La letalidad se estimo en 15.806 casos por ano. Se concluyo que los danos provocados por la enfermedad de chagas son importantes y requieren urgentes medidas de control
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Doença de Chagas/enfermagem , Doença de Chagas/prevenção & controle , Infecções/enfermagem , Transfusão de Sangue/classificação , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversos , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Doença/classificação , Doença/transmissão , Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Insetos Vetores/parasitologiaRESUMO
Studies on vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas were conducted during 1982-85 as part of an investigation on the epidemiological status of American Trypanosomiasis in Trinidad, West Indies. A total of 148 reduviid bugs were collected from caves, armadillo nests and at light traps, comprising four sylvatic species and totalling 120 Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille), two P. rufotuberculatus (Champion), twelve Rhodnius pictipes Stal and fourteen Eratyrus mucronatus Stal. A significantly higher level of infection with T. cruzi was recorded for P. geniculatus (42.5%) compared to R. pictipes (8.3%). The other two bug species were not found to be infected. P. geniculatus seems to be the most important vector in the sylvatic cycle of transmission of T. cruzi in Trinidad.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Panstrongylus/parasitologia , Rhodnius/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Ninfa/isolamento & purificação , Ninfa/parasitologia , Panstrongylus/isolamento & purificação , Rhodnius/isolamento & purificação , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Larval collections of Simulium ochraceum Walker (Diptera: Simuliidae) were made in a variety of streams in the three onchocerciasis foci in Mexico and identified by cytotaxonomic criteria, based on the banding pattern of polytene chromosomes in larval salivary gland nucleii. S. ochraceum cytotype A was found in the Soconusco focus, cytotype B in the Oaxaca focus and cytotype C (not previously recorded in Mexico) in the Chamula focus. Attempts to analyse chromosomes of adult specimens were unsuccessful. A preliminary study of the cuticular hydrocarbons of adult specimens by gas liquid chromatography provided evidence that this technique may be suitable for separating the cytotypes.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Oncocercose/transmissão , Simuliidae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Feminino , Hidrocarbonetos/análise , Insetos Vetores/química , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/genética , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Oncocercose/epidemiologia , Simuliidae/química , Simuliidae/classificação , Simuliidae/genéticaRESUMO
Enzyme polymorphism in triatomine bugs of the genus Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, is analysed using both starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Out of forty-five enzymes assayed, the electromorphs of seventeen of them: AO, CA, DIA, ES, ES-A, FH, GPD, G6PD, GPI, MDH, ME, 6PGD, PGM, ACON, ACPH, LAP and SOD, involving twenty-two putative structural loci, were scorable. These gene-enzyme systems were therefore selected for routine characterization of R.prolixus Stal adults from different strains. The first thirteen enzymes, involving sixteen structural loci, were also analysed in first instar nymphs of the three species, R.prolixus, R.robustus Larrousse and R.pictipes Stal. Allelic frequencies were calculated for three R.prolixus strains: three to five loci appeared to be polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci (22%) and the average heterozygosity (0.06) indicated low genetic variability, with significant differences between the strains at individual loci. Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus were found to have identical isozymic patterns. R.pictipes was genetically well differentiated, with twelve diagnostic loci.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Variação Genética , Insetos Vetores/enzimologia , Isoenzimas/análise , Rhodnius/enzimologia , Alelos , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/genética , Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Isoenzimas/genética , Masculino , Ninfa/enzimologia , Ninfa/genética , Ninfa/isolamento & purificação , Fenótipo , Rhodnius/genética , Rhodnius/isolamento & purificação , VenezuelaRESUMO
Variation in the percentage of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in Barbados. Transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. The agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. Collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species: Culicoides insignis Lutz, C. pusillus Lutz, C. phlebotomus (Williston), C. furens (Poey), C. jamaicensis Edwards and C. trilineatus Fox. The first two species comprised 92% of those caught during a sentinel lamb study and were the predominant species trapped for virus isolation. No viruses were recovered from 5517 C. insignis, 614 C. pusillus, three C. trilineatus and two C. furens placed into pools during two brief intensive trapping operations.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Ceratopogonidae/isolamento & purificação , Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Barbados/epidemiologia , Bluetongue/transmissão , Imunodifusão , OvinosRESUMO
Variations in the percentages of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in Barbados. Transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. The agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. Collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species. Culicoides insignis Lutz, C. pusillus Lutz, C. phlebotomus (Williston), C. furens (Poey), C. jamaicensis Edwards and C. trilineatus Fox. The first two species comprised 92 percent of those caught during a sentinel lamb study and were the predominant species trapped for virus isolation. No viruses were recovered from 5517 C. insignis, 614 C. pusillus, three C. trilineatus and two C. furens placed into pools during two brief intensive trapping operations. (AU)
Assuntos
21003 , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , Ceratopogonidae/isolamento & purificação , Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Barbados/epidemiologia , Bluetongue/transmissão , Imunodifusão , OvinosRESUMO
When monitored by the agar gel immunodiffusion test for antibody to bluetongue viruses, a sentinel flock of twenty-five lambs remained seropositive through the year, whereas in a sentinel herd of twenty calves only two individuals seroconverted and these became negative again within 2 months. A light trap operated with the calf herd yielded high numbers of Culicoides insignis Lutz (over 18,000 per trap night) along with C. filariferus Hoffman, C. pusillus Lutz, C. leopoldi Ortiz, C. foxi Ortiz, C. limai Barretto, C. diabolicus Hoffman and C. guyanensis Floch and Abonnenc. Culicoides were trapped at the sheep station which had housed the lambs 3 years following the sentinel study. No virus was isolated from pools of C. insignis, C. filariferus and C. pusillus. Six other species were collected in insufficient numbers to warrant attempted virus isolations.
Assuntos
Bluetongue/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Ceratopogonidae/isolamento & purificação , Insetos Vetores/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus Bluetongue/imunologia , Bovinos , Ovinos , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
When monitored by the agar gel immunodiffusion test for antibody to bluetongue viruses, a sentinel flock of twenty-five lambs remained seropositive through the year, whereas in a sentinel herd of twenty calves only two individuals seroconverted and these became negative again within 2 months. A light trap operated with the calf herd yielded high numbers of culicoides insignis Lutz (over 18,000 per trap night) along with C. filariferus Hoffman, C. pusillus Lutz, C. leopoldi Ortiz, C. foxi Ortiz, C. limai Barretto, C. diabolicus Hoffman and C. guyanensis Floch and Abonnenc. Culicoides were trapped at the sheep station which had housed the lambs 3 years following the sentinel study. No virus was isolated from pools of C. insignis, C. filariferus and C. pusillus. Six outer species were collected in insufficient numbers to warrant attempted virus isolations. (AU)