RESUMO
Na odontologia a decisão do tratamento é exclusiva dos cirurgiões dentistas e suas percepções, incluindo filosofia de tratamento, fazendo com que a prática de novos conceitos, tratamentos ou técnicas dependam não apenas de sua lógica ou eficácia biológica. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros envolvidos na tomada de decisão de cirurgiões dentistas clínicos e especialistas para a realização do tratamento endodôntico em sessão única ou múltiplas sessões. Para tanto, este estudo contou com uma coleta de dados através de um questionário online, aplicado cirurgiões dentistas clínicos gerais e especialistas em endodontia. As respostas foram tabuladas e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos endodontistas e dos clínicos gerais prefere realizar tratamento endodôntico em sessão única, devido ao menor desperdício de material, além do melhor domínio da anatomia e tratamento em um único momento. O motivo mais comum para os endodontistas e clínicos gerais escolherem o tratamento com múltiplas visitas é para dentes com prognóstico duvidoso e os casos em que o profissional aguarda a remissão dos sintomas antes da obturação. Em conclusão, a maioria dos endodontistas e dos clínicos gerais preferiu realizar tratamento endodôntico em sessão única.
In dentistry, treatment decisions are made exclusively by dental surgeons and their perceptions, including treatment philosophy, which means that the practice of new concepts, treatments or techniques depends not only on their logic or biological efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters involved in clinical and specialist dental surgeons' decision to carry out endodontic treatment in single or multiple sessions. To this end, data was collected using an online questionnaire administered to general dental surgeons and endodontic specialists. The answers were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that the majority of endodontists and general practitioners prefer to carry out endodontic treatment in a single session, due to less wastage of material, as well as better mastery of the anatomy and treatment at a single time. The most common reason for endodontists and general practitioners to choose treatment with multiple visits is for teeth with a doubtful prognosis and cases in which the professional is waiting for symptoms to remit before filling. In conclusion, the majority of endodontists and general practitioners preferred to carry out endodontic treatment in a single session.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Protocolos Clínicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Endodontia , Tomada de Decisão ClínicaRESUMO
This study investigated the integration of online learning into complete denture rehabilitation (CDR) training for dental interns, highlighting its impact on their education and readiness for clinical practice. Given that CDR poses significant challenges due to its technical complexity and profound influence on patient well-being, online learning has emerged as a strategic educational tool to enhance interns' knowledge and skills. This research included the administration of a comprehensive questionnaire to 63 dental interns to assess their backgrounds, experiences with online learning, and attitudes toward its application in CDR education. The results revealed strong engagement with online learning, with a majority valuing its flexibility, accessibility, and capacity to facilitate self-paced, individualized learning. Despite the enthusiasm for online modalities, the results identified notable gaps in interns' confidence in and preparedness for performing CDR, highlighting the need for targeted improvements in online curriculum development. By emphasizing the essential role of innovative teaching methods, including virtual reality (VR), this study underscores the need for a balanced educational approach that combines traditional and digital platforms. This strategy aims to prepare future dental professionals for the complexities of modern clinical environments, ensuring that they are well equipped to meet the diverse needs of the edentulous population.
Assuntos
Prótese Total , Educação em Odontologia , Educação a Distância , Humanos , Educação em Odontologia/métodos , Currículo , Masculino , Feminino , Internato e Residência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Competência Clínica , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Phuket Province is a major tourist destination with a migrant workforce accounting for 10% of its population. Despite governmental efforts to adjust health insurance policies, migrants face healthcare access challenges. This study examines the current healthcare access situation and factors associated with unmet needs among migrants in Phuket Province. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach, recruiting participants through snowball sampling from the Migrant Health Volunteer Network. Quantitative data were gathered using self-administered questionnaires, with unmet need defined as desired outpatient or recommended inpatient services not received at government hospitals. Multivariable logistic regression identified unmet need predictors, and we assessed the mediating effect of health insurance status. Qualitative data from three focus groups on healthcare access provided context and enriched the quantitative findings. RESULTS: This study includes 296 migrants mainly from Myanmar. The overall unmet need prevalence was 14.86%, mainly attributed to having undocumented status (34.09%), affordability issues (20.45%), and language barriers (18.18%). Working in the fishery industry significantly increased unmet needs risk (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.08-6.62). Undocumented status contributed a marginal total effect of 4.86 (95% CI 1.62-14.54), with a natural indirect effect through uninsured status of only 1.16 (95% CI 0.88-1.52). Focus group participants used various medical resources, with insured individuals preferring hospital care, but faced obstacles due to undocumented status and language barriers. CONCLUSION: Valid legal documents, including work permits and visas, are crucial for healthcare access. Attention to fishery industry practices is needed. We recommend stakeholder discussions to streamline the process of obtaining and maintaining these documents for migrant workers. These improvements could enhance health insurance acquisition and ultimately improve healthcare affordability for this population. These insights could be applied to migrant workers in other urban and suburban area of Thailand regarding access to government healthcare facilities.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Migrantes , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Tailândia , Masculino , Adulto , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Grupos Focais , Seguro Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Virtual simulation experiment is a vital component of higher education digitalization, emerging from the deep integration of specialty disciplines and information technology. Chinese universities have invested heavily in the construction of virtual simulation experiment projects, and the number of projects is considerably large. However, the popularity and effectiveness of these projects are not satisfactory. As an important index to measure the teaching quality, analyzing the influencing factors and mediating effects of learning satisfaction of virtual simulation experiment is an effective entry point to improve the quality and efficiency of virtual simulation experiment teaching and improve the learning effect. METHODS: This study used quantitative research methods. The research sample includes 538 students from various levels of higher education institutions such as Nanjing University, Nantong University, Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu University, covering 11 majors. They started to study the virtual simulation experiment course for one academic year in September 2023 and conducted a questionnaire survey at the end of the course. The questionnaire survey involved four aspects, mainly from the student dimension, course dimension, the technical dimension, and the embodied dimension to evaluate the learning satisfaction of the virtual simulation experiment course. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS: According to the results of the structural equation modeling (SEM), all of the student dimension (learning motivation {ß = 0.658,p < 0.001} and task value {ß = 0.339,p < 0.001}), course dimension (course content {ß = 0.275,p < 0.001}, course flexibility {ß = 0.052,p < 0.002}, and course quality {ß = 0.635,p < 0.001}), technical dimension (interface design {ß = 0.445,p < 0.001}, interaction design {ß = 0.151,p < 0.001}, technical adaptability {ß = 0.225,p < 0.001}, and technical reliability y{ß = 0.140,p < 0.001}), and embodied dimension (social presence {ß = 0.270,p < 0.001} and spatial presence {ß = 0.689,p < 0.001}) have positive effects on improving the learning satisfaction of virtual simulation experiments. Meanwhile, the technical dimension exhibited a mediating effect in the influence of embodied dimension on learning satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: To enhance the learning effectiveness of virtual simulation experiments, we can put forward the strategies from four dimensions including students, course, technical, and embodied to specifically address learning satisfaction. This approach would provide directional guidance for the development of medical virtual simulation experiments.
Assuntos
Satisfação Pessoal , Treinamento por Simulação , Humanos , China , Masculino , Feminino , Realidade Virtual , Aprendizagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using EMA questionnaires and physiological data via wristbands to measure day-to-day occupational stress, musculoskeletal pain, and mental health among university employees (N = 23), across 10 work days. Adherence to the study protocol as well as participant experiences (via semi-structured interviews) with the protocol were used to assess feasibility and acceptability of the method. RESULTS: Adherence to the study protocol was excellent. Participants wore the wristband for a mean of 9.7 days. Participants completed a mean of 24.5 EMAs (out of 30). Semi-structured interviews with participants revealed that a small number of participants had difficulties uploading data from the wristband. The timing of EMAs was challenging for some participants, resulting in missed EMAs, raising questions about whether EMA frequency and timing could be changed to improve adherence. Some EMA items were difficult to answer due to the nature of participants' roles and the work undertaken. Overall, the protocol was feasible and acceptable but highlighted future potential changes including using a different physiological data collection tool, reducing the number of EMAs, adjusting EMA timings, and reviewing EMA items.
Assuntos
Estudos de Viabilidade , Saúde Mental , Dor Musculoesquelética , Estresse Ocupacional , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Dor Musculoesquelética/fisiopatologia , Dor Musculoesquelética/psicologia , Estresse Ocupacional/psicologia , Estresse Ocupacional/fisiopatologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Satisfaction and happiness are two widely studied topics in current literature. Human beings need to find happiness. However, for many authors, satisfaction is a prerequisite for happiness. Satisfaction, in turn, can be approached from different perspectives, such as job satisfaction, health satisfaction, and social life satisfaction. This research analyses the relationship between these variables and their influence on proactive social behaviour. METHODS: The present study utilised the European Social Survey, an academic survey conducted across Europe in its round 10, carried out between 2022 and 2023, with a database of 25,311 valid responses. Structural equation modelling analysis conduct using PLS-SEM with the Smart PLS software. RESULTS: The results demonstrate a direct and significant relationship between overall satisfaction and happiness and between happiness and prosocial behaviour. Similarly, a solid indirect relationship exists between satisfaction and prosocial behaviour in society. Furthermore, job satisfaction is among the variables influencing overall satisfaction and happiness. However, it is not the most important, with satisfaction with social life being the most influential on satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Happiness is one of the main variables that influence people's lives. As we have observed, this happiness has a direct and solid relationship with the individual's level of satisfaction, with job satisfaction and satisfaction with social life being the most influential in this relationship between satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, these conclusions must be understood by both workers and employers and public administrations. Additionally, the relationship between happiness and prosocial behaviour is an interesting topic that the governments of countries and regions in Europe should consider.
Assuntos
Felicidade , Satisfação no Emprego , Satisfação Pessoal , Comportamento Social , Humanos , Europa (Continente) , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , AdolescenteRESUMO
Background: The relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS), empathy, and vicarious post-traumatic growth (VPTG) in oncology nurses is unclear. Understanding these links is crucial for improving nurse well-being and patient care quality. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between STS, empathy, and VPTG among oncology nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a multicentric setting. Data collection involved oncology nurses completing questionnaires assessing STS, empathy, and VPTG levels. Data analysis included correlation analyses, multiple stepwise regression analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the interrelationships between these variables. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist. Results: A total of 391 oncology nurses participated in the study. They showed moderate to low levels of VPTG and high levels of STS. STS exhibited a negative association with VPTG, while empathy demonstrated a positive direct association with both VPTG and STS. Moreover, SEM indicated that empathy mediated the relationship between STS and VPTG, with a partial mediating effect of 0.127. Factors such as receiving psychological training, educational attainment, STS, and empathy collectively explained 24% of the variance in VPTG. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the negative correlation between STS and VPTG among oncology nurses. Additionally, empathy was found to mediate the relationship between STS and VPTG, suggesting it plays a significant role in influencing VPTG. Implications for practice: To aid oncology nurses, interventions should focus on reducing STS and enhancing empathy. Strategies like resilience workshops, peer support, and stress management can foster VPTG. Creating a supportive work environment is crucial for nurses' well-being and quality patient care.
Assuntos
Empatia , Enfermagem Oncológica , Crescimento Psicológico Pós-Traumático , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Public concern for the mental health of university students has been rising over recent years. Newly arising stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic could contribute to further mental health burden for students. This study aimed to understand the mental health status of university students at an early stage in the pandemic and to identify academic, non-academic, and COVID-19-related predictors of common mental health difficulties at this time. Methods: This study examined how academic and non-academic predictors relate to common mental health difficulties using a cross-sectional sample of university students (n = 3817). Results: There were high levels of depression and anxiety during the pandemic, with more than 50% experiencing levels above the clinical cut offs. Academic stress, social isolation, intolerance of uncertainty, and more negative attitudes towards remote teaching and learning predicted higher levels of depression and anxiety. University identification predicted lower levels of depression whereas receiving a diagnosis of COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of depression. Discussion: This study identified COVID-19-related factors that uniquely contributed to students' distress during the pandemic, over and above social connectivity variables. As COVID-19 factors, such as the uncertainty surrounding the pandemic, may have driven an increase in distress levels among students, these findings provide insights that could help universities and policymakers develop targeted interventions to support the mental health and well-being of university students during future crises.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Universidades , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Adolescente , Pandemias , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Introduction: Adolescence is a dynamic developmental phase in which contact with peers is crucial for socio-emotional development and wellbeing. Depression and social anxiety show patterns of high onset during this period, and more for girls than boys. Here we examine this development among Dutch adolescents, as well as how desire for more peer contact as a result of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to this increase. Methods: We used a longitudinal three-wave design to examine 406 typically developing Dutch adolescents across two consecutive cohorts; Cohort 1: 2016-2019 (N = 138, 53.6% girls, age at T0 M = 13.00, SD = 0.42), Cohort 2: 2017-2020 (N = 268, 63.1% girls, age at T0 M = 13.05, SD = 0.39), final wave during spring 2020 during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure depression and social anxiety symptoms, desire for change in the amount of peer contact during lockdowns, and emotion regulation. Parallel process dual latent growth models and autoregressive cross-lagged models were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Results showed that symptoms of both depression and social anxiety increase during adolescence. Gender analysis reveal a higher initial level and increase in depression symptoms for girls, while levels for boys decreased. Adolescents exposed to the pandemic showed a steeper increase in depression but not in social anxiety. Desire for more peer contact was related to an increase in depression and social anxiety, though only in girls. No evidence was found for moderation of emotion regulation skills concerning COVID evoked emotions on the association between desire for peer contact and anxiety and depression symptom development. Discussion: Symptoms of social anxiety increased during adolescence in boys and girls. Symptoms of depression increased for girls, but decreased for boys. The increase in depression was greater in a cohort who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. For girls, a desire for more peer contact was associated with an increase of depression and social anxiety symptoms in times of social restrictions.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Grupo Associado , Humanos , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Autorrelato , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate if our web application could be a viable intervention for providing caregivers with information on resilient coping strategies for the reduction of their burden, thereby leading to the alleviation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). We recruited outpatients with dementia and informal caregiver dyads at Nagoya University Hospital from April 2022 to October 2022. The caregivers were asked to have the web application installed on their smartphones during the study period and answer the following two self-administered questionnaires once a month for 3 months: (a) Abe's BPSD Score (ABS), which assesses BPSD, and (b) the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (J-ZBI) score, which measures caregiver burden. Thirteen patients and informal caregiver dyads were enrolled in this study. The caregivers exchanged information on the care of patients with dementia in the virtual community using the web application during the study period. Upon entry, J-ZBI scores were correlated with ABSs (r = 0.65). Linear mixed-effects model revealed the average J-ZBI scores decreased over time with significance (p = 0.013), however, the average ABSs did not change during the study period. This is the first study to show that our web application reduces caregiver burden. However, to confirm the efficacy of our web application, further investigations are required.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Demência , Internet , Humanos , Demência/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Cuidadores/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sobrecarga do Cuidador/psicologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adaptação Psicológica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , JapãoRESUMO
Body dissatisfaction during pregnancy can significantly impact maternal and child health. Therefore, this longitudinal study investigated changes in body dissatisfaction using two figure rating scales developed from photographic digital data of Japanese pregnant women during the sixth and tenth months of pregnancy. Study participants were recruited at their sixth month prenatal visit at a primary maternity clinic in Japan from October 2014 to March 2015. Body dissatisfaction was estimated based on the perceived and ideal body sizes of 135 pregnant women, expressed as body mass index. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study found that body dissatisfaction in the tenth month was significantly higher than that in the sixth month. Among the participants, 75 (55.6%) and 79 (58.5%) experienced body dissatisfaction, desiring to be thinner (where perceived body size exceeded ideal body size) during the sixth and tenth months of pregnancy, respectively. Pregnant women who had body dissatisfaction and a desire to be thinner in the sixth month tended to experience an increase in body dissatisfaction by the tenth month compared to those without body dissatisfaction in the sixth month. During the sixth and tenth months, women with body dissatisfaction showed significantly larger perceived body sizes than those without body dissatisfaction. These results indicated that the use of a figure rating scale at the sixth month of pregnancy may help identify women with body dissatisfaction; moreover, perceived body size might be a key factor in preventing an increase in body dissatisfaction from the second to third trimesters.
Assuntos
Insatisfação Corporal , Imagem Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Estudos Longitudinais , Japão , Adulto , Insatisfação Corporal/psicologia , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) services play a crucial role in safeguarding the health of pregnant women during their reproductive years. This study aimed to evaluate the primary factors influencing the utilization of ANC among women of childbearing age in Isari town, Jigawa State. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 400 mothers of childbearing age, selecting them using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. The statistical analyses performed were descriptive analysis, Pearson's chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The majority of respondents (92.5%) indicated awareness of ANC, with a significant proportion expressing the necessity of ANC services (85.7%). 57.8% of the respondents indicated attending ANC services at least four times during pregnancy. Furthermore, the number of visits has a significant relationship with age (P < 0.001), educational level (P = 0.003), occupation (P = 0.043), mother's knowledge of pregnancy danger signs (P = 0.001), and husband's support for ANC (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Enhancing ANC utilization will necessitate focusing on women residing in rural areas and those with limited educational attainment.
Assuntos
Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Humanos , Feminino , Nigéria , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores EtáriosRESUMO
Introduction: The technological revolution has narrowed the information gap between physician and patient. This has led to an evolution in medicine from paternalistic to patient-centric, with health care systems now prioritizing patient experience to achieve higher satisfaction scores. Therefore, it is imperative to start early in educating trainees on how to best address the holistic needs of the patient while also delivering high-quality care. Methods: We implemented a 1-hour workshop that was repeated weekly over 8 weeks to capture all internal medicine residents in our program. During the workshop, we reviewed the historical evolution of patient care from paternalistic to patient-centered, presented the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey questions, and discussed evidence-based strategies for physicians to improve their patients' experience utilizing four case-based scenarios. Results: Over the 8-week period, a total of 195 residents participated in the workshop. One hundred thirty-nine residents (71%) completed the pre- and postsession survey. Results demonstrated significant knowledge improvement (p < .001) in all of the topics discussed. Additionally, the majority of residents felt the workshop would be useful in their clinical practice and found the clinical scenarios useful. Discussion: Given the evolution towards patient-centered care, it is important to take a proactive approach in providing residents with the tools to best address their patients' needs. Early understanding of patient satisfaction surveys and the impacts they have on hospital metrics can help trainees in their careers as practicing physicians.
Assuntos
Medicina Interna , Internato e Residência , Humanos , Medicina Interna/educação , Internato e Residência/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Assistência Centrada no Paciente , Satisfação do Paciente , Educação/métodos , CurrículoRESUMO
This study investigates the role of self-perceived burden as a mediating factor in the association between perceived partner responsiveness and fertility intentions in women of reproductive age diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. A sample of 366 female inflammatory bowel disease patients from Changsha, China, was recruited using convenience sampling. Participants completed assessments, including the Impact of Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale, Self-Perceived Burden Scale, Fertility Intentions Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Results indicated a moderate-to-low level of fertility intentions (mean score: 5.33 ± 2.21), with corresponding moderate levels of self-perceived burden (mean score: 30.01 ± 10.02) and perceived partner responsiveness (mean score: 52.80 ± 17.03). Positive correlations were observed between perceived partner responsiveness and fertility intentions and negative correlations between self-perceived burden and fertility intentions. The relationship between perceived partner responsiveness and fertility intentions was found to be partially mediated by self-perceived burden. These findings highlight the significance of perceived partner responsiveness and self-perceived burden in shaping fertility intentions among women with inflammatory bowel disease.
Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Intenção , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Fertilidade , Autoimagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , China , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline is a debilitating symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive impairment in PD has a significant impact on many aspects of an individual's life, social interactions, and overall quality of life (QOL). It is also associated with a faster disease progression and an increased risk of developing dementia. A biopsychosocial approach is likely to address not only the underlying biological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PD but also the psychological and social factors that can contribute to cognitive decline and influence treatment outcomes. METHOD: This experimental study was conducted on 60 older adults with PD at Saveetha medical college and hospital. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups of Biopsychosocial (n = 30) and conventional (n = 30). Participants in the intervention group received the multiple interventions based on the biopsychosocial approach with a duration of 60 min per session. Pre and post-test evaluation conducted using Scales for Outcomes in PD-cognition (SCOPA-cog) and Parkinson disease QOL Questionnaire (PDQ-8). RESULT: The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the median scores within the Groups for the outcome measures SCOPA-cog and PDQ-8 (p < 0.001). For SCOPA-cog, the BPS group median score increased from 30 to 36, while the Conventional group median score increased from 31 to 33. For PDQ-8, the BPS group median reduced from 27 to 14, compared to the Conventional group's reduced from 30 to 24. On comparison between the post-test values, the biopsychosocial approach group showed more improvement in cognition and QOL with (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study concluded that the biopsychosocial approach is effective in improving cognition and QOL among the Parkinson population.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Doença de Parkinson , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cognição/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The approach of nursing department students who will practice the nursing profession in the future, which they adopt for individuals with addiction, bears importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students who took the addiction course toward individuals with substance use disorder. METHOD: The study was conducted in a single group in a pretest-posttest order. Necessary approvals (institution and ethics committee) were obtained to carry out the study. The study sample was made up of 76 students who took an addiction course in the 2020-2021 academic year and who agreed to participate in the research. A questionnaire form and the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Stigmatizing Attitudes Scale were used as data collection tools. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was found as 0.90. In addition to descriptive statistics, the paired sample t test was used in the analysis of the data from the dependent groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the participating students was 21.2 ± 0.73 years, and 93.4% were female. In the pretest, 10 (13.2%) students reported that they smoked, and seven students (9.2%) reported that they used alcohol. There were no individuals who used any substance other than cigarette or alcohol in the sample. The mean score of the students on the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Stigmatizing Attitudes Scale was 13.89 ± 5.16 in the pretest and 7.34 ± 5.51 in the posttest. This difference was found as statistically significant (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: It was established in this study that the addiction course reduced the stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students toward individuals with substance use disorder.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estereotipagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/enfermagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estigma Social , AdultoRESUMO
PROBLEM STATEMENT: Substance use disorder (SUD)-and more specifically opioid use disorder-is a national epidemic. With the increasing amounts of people suffering from SUD, all healthcare professionals should be educated to identify substance abuse, provide a brief intervention, and refer patients for treatment when indicated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this project is to integrate the SBIRT into the curriculum of a graduate-level family nurse practitioner (FNP) program in southeastern Pennsylvania and to determine if educating FNP students on the SBIRT process increases their knowledge of SUDs and their treatment and increases their motivation to work with patients with SUD. MEASUREMENTS: The measurements used were as follows: shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (S-AAPPQ), shortened Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire (S-DDPPQ), a 10-question knowledge test, and demographic data. RESULTS: All subscales of the S-DDPPQ, the S-AAPPQ, and the knowledge test showed a statistically significant change from the pretest score means and to posttest means. This evidence-based practice project supports the integration of SBIRT education into FNP programs to increase their ability to identify and treat individuals with SUDs.
Assuntos
Currículo , Enfermeiros de Saúde da Família , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/enfermagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pennsylvania , Enfermeiros de Saúde da Família/educação , Programas de Rastreamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/enfermagem , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/diagnósticoRESUMO
Distrust in science has been linked to scepticism over vaccines and climate change. Using data from nationally representative surveys administered in eight key countries for global efforts to mitigate climate change and COVID-19 (Australia, Brazil, China, India, Japan, South Africa, the UK and US), we find that distrust in scientists was an important predictor variable for most sceptics, who were sceptical of one issue but not both, in February 2021, when most countries had experienced their first wave of the pandemic. However, the association was significantly weaker among the segment of hardcore sceptics who were both climate sceptics and antivaxxers. We demonstrate that these individuals tended to possess many of the typical sceptic characteristics such as high distrust in social institutions and rightward political orientation, which are (collectively) suggestive of an underlying sceptic mindset rather than a specific distrust of scientists. Our results suggest that different types of sceptics necessitate different strategies to dispel scepticism.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Mudança Climática , Opinião Pública , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Confiança/psicologia , Atitude , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , China/epidemiologia , Austrália , Feminino , Masculino , Pandemias , Brasil , Índia/epidemiologia , Japão , África do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemia contributes significantly to globalcoronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular disease. Effective use of statins precludes adequate knowledge of its benefits. This study aimed to determine the gaps in the management of dyslipidaemia among physicians in Nigeria. METHODS: This was a web-based survey of physicians across Nigeria regarding the management knowledge and practice of dyslipidaemia. Analysis was done by SPSS 23.0. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirteen physicians across Nigeria consisting of 65.4% males responded to the survey. The majority, 57.5% were 25-40 years. While most of the participants (98.3%) believe that elevated LDL-C is an important cause of CAD, there were concerns about statins use and associated increased risk of muscle disorder (63.2%), hepatic disease (37.4%), hemorrhagic stroke (27.2%), cognitive impairment (12.6%) and new-onset diabetes mellitus (19.2%). Similarly, 41.9% of participants have concerns about hemorrhagic stroke while 32.2% also expressed concerns about lowering LDL-C and ischaemic stroke. More than a third (38.2%) indicated that >20% of their patients cannot use statins continuously due to adverse effects such as muscle symptoms, etc. The results obtained when asked about the target of LDLC in patients with or without a history of CAD and diabetes mellitus were as varied as 3-200 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: This study highlights there exist significant gaps in knowledge and practice of the management of dyslipidaemia among experts in Nigeria. Concerted efforts by relevant authorities and societies may be needed to enhance the knowledge and practice of the management of dyslipidaemia in reducing the CV risk among Nigerians.
CONTEXTE: La dyslipidémie contribue de manière significative à la coronaropathie et aux maladies cardiovasculaires dans le monde. L'utilisation efficace des statines ne peut se faire sans une connaissance adéquate de leurs avantages. Cette étude visait à déterminer les lacunes dans la gestion de la dyslipidémie chez les médecins au Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une enquête en ligne auprès de médecins nigérians concernant les connaissances et la pratique de la gestion de la dyslipidémie. L'analyse a été effectuée à l'aide de SPSS 23.0. P<0,05 a été considéré comme statistiquement significatif. RÉSULTATS: Trois cent treize médecins du Nigeria, don't 65,4 % d'hommes, ont répondu à l'enquête. La majorité d'entre eux (57,5 %) étaient âgés de 25 à 40 ans. Bien que la plupart des participants (98,3 %) pensent qu'un taux élevé de LDL-C est une cause importante de maladie coronarienne, ils s'inquiètent de l'utilisation des statines et du risque accru de troubles musculaires (63,2 %), de maladies hépatiques (37,4 %), d'accidents vasculaires cérébraux hémorragiques (27,2 %), de troubles cognitifs (12,6 %) et de diabète sucré d'apparition récente (19,2 %) qui y est associé. De même, 41,9 % des participants sont préoccupés par les accidents vasculaires cérébraux hémorragiques, tandis que 32,2 % se disent préoccupés par la réduction du LDL-C et les accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques. Plus d'un tiers (38,2 %) ont indiqué que plus de 20 % de leurs patients ne peuvent pas utiliser les statines en continu en raison d'effets indésirables tels que des symptômes musculaires, etc. Les résultats obtenus lorsqu'on leur a demandé quel était l'objectif du LDL-C chez les patients avec ou sans antécédents de maladie coronarienne et de diabète sucré variaient de 3 à 200 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: Cette étude met en évidence l'existence de lacunes importantes dans les connaissances et la pratique de la prise en charge de la dyslipidémie chez les experts au Nigéria. Des efforts concertés de la part des autorités et des sociétés concernées pourraient être nécessaires pour améliorer les connaissances et la pratique de la prise en charge de la dyslipidémie afin de réduire le risque CV chez les Nigérians. MOTS-CLÉS: Dyslipidémie, gestion, écart de connaissances, médecins, Nigéria.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias , Humanos , Nigéria , Masculino , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Médicos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Internet , LDL-Colesterol/sangueRESUMO
Neuroscience is an academic discipline taught within a broad range of university degrees and programs. The expertise and experience of neuroscience teaching staff contribute to the student's learning experience and knowledge acquisition. We undertook a survey to characterize the neuroscience teaching workforce and practices in Australian universities, and to investigate access to and deficiencies in neuroscience teaching resources and training. Two hundred neuroscience teaching staff completed our anonymous online survey. The responses indicated that neuroscience is primarily being delivered by highly qualified (86% with doctoral degrees, 27% with formal qualifications in tertiary teaching), research-active (45% were recently primary supervisors of research students) teaching academics with secure employment (77% in full-time continuing positions). There were more females (61.5%) than males (38.5%) in the sample and most respondents taught neuroscience to students enrolled in a range of degrees/programs. Most survey respondents could access an anatomy laboratory for teaching (87%) but access to specialised online resources, such as augmented reality presentations, customised game-based learning approaches, and/or online brain atlases, was limited. Most survey respondents reported they would benefit from increased access to neuroscience teaching resources and/or peer-tested teaching materials (80%), an informal network of Australian neuroscience teaching peers (64%), and/or training workshops on neuroscience teaching (59%). Approximately half of survey respondents supported the creation of national guidelines for neuroscience teaching curricula. The survey results identify specific gaps in teacher training and resources and inform the development of strategies to support tertiary teachers of neuroscience and student learning.