RESUMO
SW1 is the first filamentous phage isolated from a deep-sea environment. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the SW1 genetic switch is controlled is largely unknown. In this study, the function of the phage-encoded FpsR protein was characterized by molecular biological and biochemical analyses. The deletion of fpsR increased the copy number of SW1 ssDNA and mRNA, indicating that FpsR functions as a repressor. In addition, transcription from the fpsR promoter was shown to be increased in an fpsR deletion mutant, suggesting self-repression by FpsR. Purified FpsR bound to four adjacent operator sites (O1-O4) embedded within the fpsA promoter and the fpsA-fpsR intergenic region. A surface plasmon resonance experiment showed that FpsR can bind to the O1-O4 operators separately and with different binding affinity, and the dissociation constants of FpsR with O2 and O3 were found to be lower at 4⯰C than at 20⯰C. A gel permeation chromatography assay revealed that FpsR oligomerized to form tetramers. Point mutation analysis indicated that the C-terminal domain influenced the binding affinity and regulatory function of FpsR. Collectively, these data support a model in which FpsR actively regulates phage production by interacting with the corresponding operators, thus playing a crucial role in the SW1 genetic switch.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Inovirus/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo , Replicação do DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Inovirus/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
A novel filamentous bacteriophage, designated VEJphi, was isolated from strain MO45 of Vibrio cholerae of the O139 serogroup. A molecular characterization of the phage was carried out, which included sequencing of its whole genome, study of the genomic structure, identification of the phage receptor, and determination of the function of some of the genes, such as those encoding the major capsid protein and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein. The genome nucleotide sequence of VEJphi, which consists of 6842 bp, revealed that it is organized in modules of functionally related genes in an array that is characteristic of the genus Inovirus (filamentous phages). VEJphi is closely related to other previously described filamentous phages of V. cholerae, including VGJphi, VSK and fs1. Like these phages, VEJphi uses as a cellular receptor the type IV fimbria called the mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin (MSHA). It was also demonstrated that VEJphi, like phage VGJphi, is able to transmit the genome of phage CTXphi, and therefore the genes encoding the cholera toxin (CT), horizontally among populations of V. cholerae expressing the MSHA receptor fimbria. This suggests that the variety of phages implicated in the horizontal transmission of the CT genes could be more diverse than formerly thought.
Assuntos
Toxina da Cólera/genética , Genoma Viral , Inovirus/genética , Vibrio cholerae/virologia , Proteínas de Fímbrias/metabolismo , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Inovirus/isolamento & purificação , Inovirus/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Receptores Virais/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Transdução Genética , Vibrio cholerae/genéticaRESUMO
The native product of open reading frame 112 (orf112) and a recombinant variant of the RstB protein, encoded by Vibrio cholerae pathogen-specific bacteriophages VGJphi and CTXphi, respectively, were purified to more than 90% homogeneity. Orf112 protein was shown to specifically bind single-stranded genomic DNA of VGJphi; however, RstB protein unexpectedly bound double-stranded DNA in addition to the single-stranded genomic DNA. The DNA binding properties of these proteins may explain their requirement for the rolling circle replication of the respective phages and RstB's requirement for single-stranded-DNA chromosomal integration of CTXphi phage dependent on XerCD recombinases.