RESUMO
The use of Intravascular Laser Irradiation of Blood (ILIB) as a treatment or adjunct tool has been used around the world since the 1980s. So that more professionals can deliver benefits to their patients in different areas of health, it is necessary to understand in depth the mechanisms of laser action at the molecular level, for correct indication and success in the treatment. To analyze works that evaluated the influence of ILIB on inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in animals and humans. The literature search was carried out between February and April 2023 in Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs database. The risk of bias was assessed using the bias table where the authors performed the analyzes of all articles with the risk of bias domains. The methodology was defined following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalysis Report). The search retrieved 135 possibly relevant articles. After removing duplicates, according to the eligibility criteria, evaluation of titles and review of abstracts, in the end, 6 articles were included. An increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines, a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in NO can be observed. The wavelengths used ranged from 660 to 808 nm when using a low intensity laser and when using a VIP light source 480-3400 nm, they also differed in terms of the light emission pattern. ILIB may be a complementary treatment option for patients who have comorbidities that lead to systemic inflammation.
Assuntos
Citocinas , Óxido Nítrico , Animais , Humanos , Inflamação/radioterapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate morphological aspects and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression in a model of acute inflammation. METHODS: Thirty-six female Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: control (saline, n = 12), sham (arthritis, n = 12), and PBM (arthritis and photobiomodulation, n = 12). Arthritis induction was performed with 200 µg of intra-articular Zymosan in sham and PBM animals. PBM was performed 24 h after induction with a laser device (λ = 808 nm, 25 mW of nominal power, fluence of 20 J/cm2, beam area of 0.02 mm2, time of 33 s, total energy of 0.825 J) with punctual and single dose application. Morphological analysis of joint structure (HE) and immunohistochemistry (anti-iNOS antibody) were performed on knee samples, and synovial tissue was submitted to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and gene expression analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed with p < 0.05. RESULTS: It was observed an increase in the thickness of the synovial lining epithelium and inflammatory infiltrate in sham compared to PBM. Gene expression analysis showed higher iNOS expression in PBM, and iNOS protein expression decreased in PBM compared to sham. CONCLUSIONS: Photobiomodulation decreased inflammation in PBM animals, upregulated iNOS gene expression, however down egulated protein expression compared to sham.
Assuntos
Artrite , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Ratos , Animais , Feminino , Ratos Wistar , Inflamação/radioterapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of violet LED, associated or not with a 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel, on inflammation, mineralization in pulp tissue, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The maxillary molars of eighty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10): CONT - without treatment; HP - 30 min application of 17.5% HP; LED - 20 min application of violet LED; and HP+LED - application of PH and violet LED. Rats were euthanized and jaws were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation (IL-17, IL-23, and osteocalcin) and picrosirius red immediately after (T0), and at 7 (T1), 15 (T2), and 30 days (T3) post-treatment, with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, paired T-test, and T-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: HP and HP+LED presented necrosis and severe inflammatory infiltrate. When compared to CONT group, LED presented severe osteocalcin (OCN) immunostaining in T2 and less immature fibers in T2 and T3. CONCLUSION: The violet LED caused no severe damage to the pulp tissue, increased IL-17 and IL-23 expression in T0 when associated with HP, and had no influence on pulp tissue mineralization, besides accelerating the maturation of collagen fibers of dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Violet LED therapy induced no inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats and played no role in pulp tissue fibrosis, besides accelerating the maturation of dentin collagen fibers.
Assuntos
Lâmpadas de Polimerização Dentária , Polpa Dentária , Dentina , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Inflamação , Fotoquimioterapia , Clareadores Dentários , Clareamento Dental , Calcificação de Dente , Animais , Colágeno/metabolismo , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/efeitos da radiação , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/efeitos da radiação , Géis , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/uso terapêutico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/radioterapia , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-23/metabolismo , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Clareamento Dental/métodos , Clareadores Dentários/farmacologia , Clareadores Dentários/uso terapêutico , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a non-thermal therapeutic procedure widely used in clinical practice. It is considered an effective modality of treatment for the control of various inflammatory conditions with fewer adverse effects as compared to conventional therapy. However, despite the clinical effects, the mechanisms of action and dosimetric parameters of PBMT are not fully understood. This study was performed to describe the effects of two different doses of PBMT on experimental models of inflammation. Male Swiss mice were administered with 0.9% of saline or phlogistic agents (carrageenan, dextran, serotonin, histamine, or bradykinin) by intra-plantar injection and were treated with PBMT at a dose of 1 or 5 J/cm2; right after, the variation of the paw volume was made, and histopathological analysis and myeloperoxidase assay of the carrageenan-induced edematous paw tissues were performed. The action of PBMT on carrageenan-induced vascular permeability was further evaluated. Our results showed that PBMT (1 J/cm2) led to an improvement in paw edema induced by the phlogistic agents and further reduced the histological scores. Inhibition of neutrophil migration was observed following the administration of 1 and 5 J/cm2 of PBMT. However, only 1 J/cm2 of PBMT showed beneficial effects on carrageenan-induced edema. Laser at a dose of 1 J/cm2 showed cellular and vascular effects since it was able to reverse all the inflammatory parameters, and laser at a dose of 5 J/cm2 probably has only cellular effects in the presence of acute inflammation.
Assuntos
Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/radioterapia , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Teóricos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapy suggested for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the analgesic and inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation, but there are still gaps on the mechanisms underlying. The objective was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of red LED, as well as to investigate the possible mechanism of action in acute nociception models. Radiation was applied with red LED (660â¯nm, 215â¯mW, 84.64â¯mW/cm2, 2.531â¯J/cm2 (30s); 5.07â¯J/cm2 (60s) 7.61â¯J/cm2 (90s) and 10.15â¯J/cm2 (120â¯s)). The red LED applied 60â¯s before the experiments, promoted reduction of the nociceptive neurogenic (1st phase) and inflammatory pain (2nd phase) induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of formalin. This effect duration in the second phase was 180â¯min after pretreatment of the LED. Red LED also reduced nociception induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. Furthermore, red LED prevented nociception induced by i.pl. injection of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin, menthol and acidified saline. It was demonstrate the involvement of glutamatergic system with the reduction the nociception induced by glutamate. The red LED was able to prevent nociception induced by intracellular signaling cascades activators, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), bradykinin, forskolin and prostaglandin. In addition, red LED, respectively, from 30 to 90s demonstrated an antiedematogenic effect on ear edema and reduction the migration of inflammatory cells induced by single application of croton oil. Thus, the new findings in this study support some underlying mechanism by which red LED phototherapy reduces acute pain. However, need further clarification regarding analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation in preclinical studies.
Assuntos
Dor Aguda/radioterapia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacologia , Dor Aguda/patologia , Animais , Dinoprostona/farmacologia , Orelha/patologia , Edema/patologia , Edema/radioterapia , Inflamação/patologia , Luz , Masculino , Camundongos , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Nociceptividade/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Sepsis is a big health problem and one of the most common causes of acute lung injury (ALI) leading to high mortality. Pro-resolving mediators play an important role in abrogating the inflammation and promoting tissue homeostasis restoration. ALI treatment is still a clinical health problem, so new therapies are needed. Here, we evaluated the effect of photobiomodulation treatment on the resolution process of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male Balb/c mice were submitted to LPS (ip) or vehicle and irradiated or not with light emitting diode (LED) 2 and 6 h after LPS or vehicle injection, and the parameters were investigated 3 and 7 days after the injections. Our results showed that after 3 days of LED treatment the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells as well as interleukins (IL) including IL-6 and IL-17 were reduced. No differences were observed in the bone marrow cells, tracheal reactivity, and lipoxin A4 and resolvin E2. Indeed, after 7 days of LED treatment the bone marrow cells, lymphocytes, and lipoxin A4 were increased, while IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 were decreased. No differences were observed in the blood cells and tracheal reactivity. Thus, our results showed that LED treatment attenuated ALI induced by sepsis by modulating the cell mobilization from their reserve compartments. In addition, we also showed later effects of the LED up to 7 days after the treatment. This study proposes photobiomodulation as therapeutic adjuvant to treat ALI.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/radioterapia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Sepse/complicações , Animais , Medula Óssea/patologia , Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Movimento Celular/efeitos da radiação , Colinérgicos/farmacologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Lipoxinas/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Contração Muscular/efeitos da radiação , Músculo Liso/fisiopatologia , Músculo Liso/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
When conservative treatments fail, hip osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative disease characterized by cartilage wear, progressive joint deformity, and loss of function, can result in the need for a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Surgical procedures induced tissue trauma and incite an immune response. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and/or light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) has proven effective in tissue repair by modulating the inflammatory process and promoting pain relief. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the immediate effect of PBMt on inflammation and pain of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The study consisted of 18 post-surgical hip arthroplasty patients divided into two groups (n = 9 each) placebo and active PBMt who received one of the treatments in a period from 8 to 12 h following THA surgery. PBMt (active or placebo) was applied using a device consisting of nine diodes (one super-pulsed laser of 905 nm, four infrared LEDs of 875 nm, and four red LEDs 640 nm, 40.3 J per point) applied to 5 points along the incision. Visual analog scale (VAS) and blood samples for analysis of the levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were recorded before and after PBMt application. The values for the visual analog scale as well as those in the analysis of TNF-α and IL-8 serum levels decreased in the active PBMt group compared to placebo-control group (p < 0.05). No decrease was observed for IL-6 levels. We conclude that PBMt is effective in decreasing pain intensity and post-surgery inflammation in patients receiving total hip arthroplasty.
Assuntos
Dor Aguda/radioterapia , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Medição da Dor , Placebos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Although photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) has been applied clinically for the treatment of pain and inflammation, wound healing, sports and soft tissue injuries, as well as to repair injured spinal cords and peripheral nerves, it remains unclear which molecular substrates (receptor) are implicated in the cellular mechanisms of PBM. Here, we reported that PBM (660 nm, 30 mW, 0.06 cm2, 50 J/cm2, plantar irradiation) significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema, but not noxious thermal response, through positive modulation to both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. The use of CB1 antagonist AM281 or CB2 antagonist AM630 significantly reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of PBM. Analysis of signalling pathway downstream of cannabinoid receptors activation reveals that anti-inflammatory effects of PBM depend, in great extent, on its ability to activate ATP-dependent K+ channels and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, PBM therapy significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in both paw and spinal cord, and restored the reduction of the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in spinal cord after carrageenan injection. Unlike the potent cannabinoid receptor agonist (WIN 55212-2), PBM did not exert any CNS-mediated effects in the tetrad assay. Finally, PBM does not reduce inflammation and noxious thermal response induced by LPS and zymosan, a TLR4 and TLR2/dectin-1 ligand, respectively. Thus, cannabinoid receptors and, possibly, the endocannabinoid system, represent an important site of action of PBM that opens the possibility of complementary and nonpsychotropic therapeutic interventions in clinical practice. Graphical Abstract á .
Assuntos
Inflamação/radioterapia , Canais KATP/metabolismo , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Animais , Carragenina , Citocinas/metabolismo , Edema/complicações , Edema/patologia , Edema/radioterapia , Hiperalgesia/complicações , Hiperalgesia/patologia , Imunomodulação , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/patologia , Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , Medula Espinal/patologia , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismoRESUMO
Recent studies show that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an important anti-inflammatory action in acute lung inflammation. The present work explored if laser therapy is able to antagonize eosinophils and allergic inflammation induced by oxidative stress in Balb/c mice. Forty-eight hours after challenge, the leukocyte counting, ROS and nitrite/nitrate level, RANTES, CCL3, CCL8 as well as eotaxins were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of laser-treated mice or not. Into the lung, some chemokines receptors, the iNOS activity and mRNA expression, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, gluthatione, NADPH oxidase activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (T-Bars) were measured. Laser-treated allergic mice presented reduction of both the ICAM-1 and eosinophil in the lungs. RANTES, CCL8, CCL3 and eotaxins were reduced in BALF of laser-treated allergic mice. In allergic mice lung LLLT decreased the CCR1 and CCR3 and restored the oxidative stress balance as well. Laser decreased the lipidic peroxidation in allergic mice lung as much as increased SOD, GPx and GR. It shows that LLLT on allergic lung inflammation involves leukocyte-attractant chemokines and endogenous antioxidant. Based on results, LLLT may ultimately become a non- invasive option in allergic lung disease treatment. The top figure illustrates the laser decreasing the eosinophils migration into BALF and the bottom figure shows the laser upregulating the expression of heme-oxygenase (anti-oxidant enzyme) in lung tissue anti-oxidant.
Assuntos
Asma/radioterapia , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Estresse Oxidativo , Animais , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Systemic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes, since the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways leads to inhibition of insulin signaling. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven beneficial effects on the treatment of inflammatory disorders, the phototherapeutic approach to manage the chronic inflammatory component of obesity and hyperglycemia had never been explored. In this work, obese and hyperglycemic mice are treated with PBM, and their body mass, glycemia and inflammatory infiltrate of abdominal adipose tissue are evaluated. During four weeks, irradiated animals are exposed to six irradiation sessions using an 843 nm LED (5.7 J cm-2 at 19 mW cm-2 per session). Non-irradiated control animals display inflammatory areas almost five times greater than the treated group (p < 0.001). This result on inflammatory infiltrate may have caused impacts on the significant lower blood glucose level from irradiated animals (p = 0.04), twenty-four hours after the last irradiation session. PBM on obese and hyperglycemic mice reduced five times the areas of inflammatory infiltrate within abdominal adipose tissue (a, b), whereas dense inflammatory regions were a common finding amidst non-irradiated animals (c). The asterisks on (c) correspond to the inflammatory infiltrate permeating adipocytes.
Assuntos
Gordura Abdominal/efeitos da radiação , Hiperglicemia/radioterapia , Resistência à Insulina/efeitos da radiação , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fototerapia , Animais , Dieta , Inflamação/radioterapia , Camundongos , Camundongos ObesosRESUMO
Acute lung injury is a condition characterized by exacerbate inflammatory reaction in distal airways and lung dysfunction. Here we investigate the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) by low level laser therapy (LLLT), an effective therapy used for the treatment of patients with inflammatory disorders or traumatic injuries, due to its ability to reduce inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. However, studies in internal viscera remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice were treated with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Six hours after instillation, two groups were irradiated with laser at 660 nm and radiant exposure of 10 J/cm2 . Intratracheal LPS inoculation induced a marked increase in the number of inflammatory cells in perivascular and alveolar spaces. There was also an increase in the expression and secretion of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6,) and chemokine (MCP-1). The LLLT application induced a significant decrease in both inflammatory cells influx and inflammatory mediators secretion. These effects did not affect lung mechanical properties, since no change was observed in tissue resistance or elastance. In conclusion LLLT is able to reduce inflammatory reaction in lungs exposed to LPS without affecting the pulmonary function and recovery.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/radioterapia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Animais , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate in a macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric manner the healing process of cutaneous wounds in mice. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 male mice and was divided in four groups: 1st group (control, n=10), 2nd group (High Frequency Generator - HF, the maximum amplitude range, 120s, n=10), 3rd group (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30mW power, 5 J/cm2, applying scan mode, 120s, n=10) and 4thgroup (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30 mW power, 8 J/cm2, applying scan mode, n=10). The surgical incision was made with an 8 mm diameter punch perpendicularly to the back of the animal. The statistical analysis was achieved by the statistical test One Way Anova post hoc Tukey Test and significance at p<0.05 in GraphPad Prism program. RESULTS: It was observed that in the acute phase the AlGaInP Laser at 5 J/cm2 provided a greater stimulus to healing, and both lasers were effective in the remodeling phase. CONCLUSION: The AlGaInP lasers from 5 J/cm2 to 8 J/cm2 showed better biomodulatory results in the acute and remodeling phases respectively, however, the HF was less effective than the laser, providing significant benefits only in the acute phase of tissue repair.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Pele/lesões , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiação , Análise de Variância , Fibroblastos/patologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos da radiação , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Modelos Animais , Ozônio/uso terapêutico , Doses de Radiação , Distribuição Aleatória , Pele/patologia , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the low level laser therapy (LLLT) in postoperative pain and swelling associated with periapical surgery. A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out in 2 groups of 10 patients each, undergoing periapical surgery. The experimental group was treated with an intraoral application of an 810 nm-GaAsAl-laser, having an output power of 100 mW, with overlapping movements over the wound. In the control group, the same procedure was carried out, without therapeutic laser activation. Postoperative pain, swelling, and rescue medication were registered. The experimental group exhibited a decrease in pain intensity after periapical surgery compared with control group (p<0.05). There was not significant statistical difference between the groups in terms of swelling. Six patients of the control group required rescue medication. The use of LLLT in the postoperative management of patients having periapical surgery, using the protocol of this study reduced postoperative pain...
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia del láser terapéutico de bajo nivel de emisión (LTBNE) en el dolor postoperatorio e inflamación asociados con cirugía periapical. Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado doble ciego en 2 grupos de 10 pacientes cada uno, que requirieron de cirugía periapical. El grupo experimentalfue tratado con una aplicación intraoral de laser de GaAsAl de 810 nm, con una potencia de 100 Mw, con movimientos oscilatorios sobre la herida quirúrgica. En el grupo control, se llevó a cabo el mismo procedimiento, sin la activación del láser terapéutico. Se registraron dolor postoperatorio, inflamación y medicación de rescate. El grupo experimental mostró una disminución en la intensidad del dolor posterior a la cirugía periapical en comparacióncon el grupo control (p<0.05). No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos entérminos de inflamación. Seis pacientes del grupo control requirieron medicación de rescate. El uso de LTBNE en el manejo postoperatorio de pacientes sometidos a cirugíaperiapical, usando el protocolo del presente estudio redujo el dolor postoperatorio...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Pós-Operatória/radioterapia , Doenças Periapicais/cirurgia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Inflamação/etiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate in a macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric manner the healing process of cutaneous wounds in mice. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 male mice and was divided in four groups: 1st group (control, n=10), 2nd group (High Frequency Generator - HF, the maximum amplitude range, 120s, n=10), 3rd group (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30mW power, 5 J/cm2, applying scan mode, 120s, n=10) and 4thgroup (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30 mW power, 8 J/cm2, applying scan mode, n=10). The surgical incision was made with an 8 mm diameter punch perpendicularly to the back of the animal. The statistical analysis was achieved by the statistical test One Way Anova post hoc Tukey Test and significance at p<0.05 in GraphPad Prism program. RESULTS: It was observed that in the acute phase the AlGaInP Laser at 5 J/cm2 provided a greater stimulus to healing, and both lasers were effective in the remodeling phase. CONCLUSION: The AlGaInP lasers from 5 J/cm2 to 8 J/cm2 showed better biomodulatory results in the acute and remodeling phases respectively, however, the HF was less effective than the laser, providing significant benefits only in the acute phase of tissue repair.
Assuntos
Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Pele/lesões , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiação , Análise de Variância , Animais , Fibroblastos/patologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos da radiação , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Masculino , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Ozônio/uso terapêutico , Doses de Radiação , Distribuição Aleatória , Pele/patologia , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico depende da cuidadosa realização de todas as suas fases, terminando com uma obturação tridimensional que alcance todo o sistema de canais radiculares. Desta forma, os materiais obturadores, ou as substâncias liberadas, entrarão em contato com os tecidos perirradiculares, o que poderá influenciar a resposta inflamatória e o processo de reparo. A terapia laser de baixa potência (TLBP) tem sido estudada quanto à sua ação anti-inflamatória, favorecendo o reparo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a produção das citocinas IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-8 por fibroblastos de gengiva humana (linhagem FMM1) como resposta à presença dos extratos dos cimentos endodônticos AH Plus, MTA Fillapex e EndoSequence BC Sealer, bem como a eficácia da TLBP, neste modelo. Para isto, extratos destes cimentos, recém-manipulados e após 24 h do endurecimento, foram preparados em meio de cultura DMEM fresco, conforme as normas ISO 10993-12. Inicialmente, a citotoxicidade dos cimentos foi avaliada, após a interação das células com a diluição seriada destes extratos (1:1 a 1:16), por meio do ensaio MTT. Para a análise da produção de citocinas, 106 células por poço foram cultivadas em placas de cultura de 24 poços, para a interação com os extratos dos cimentos, na diluição 1:4. Estabeleceram-se os grupos não irradiado e irradiado. No grupo irradiado, as culturas celulares receberam duas irradiações do laser InGaAlP (660 nm, 30 mW, 5 J/cm2 e área do feixe de 0,028 cm2), com intervalo de 12 h. O grupo não irradiado foi submetido às mesmas condições ambientais que o irradiado. Os sobrenadantes das culturas foram coletados, centrifugados, aliquotados e armazenados congelados, para a posterior análise pelo ensaio de ELISA. Todos os dados obtidos (médias ± erro padrão) foram tratados estatisticamente por ANOVA one-way, complementado pelo teste de Tuckey e ANOVA ...
Endodontic treatment success depends on careful accomplishment of all steps, finishing with a three-dimensional obturation that reachs the entire root canal system. Thus, the obturation materials or the substances that are released will be in contact with perirradicular tissues, which may influence the inflammatory response and the repair process. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied about its anti-inflammatory action, improving the repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines by human gingival fibroblasts (FMM1 lineage) as a response to the extracts of the endodontic cements AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and EndoSequence BC Sealer, besides the effectiveness of LLLT in this model. For that, freshly mixed and 24 h-set elutes of these sealers were prepared, in fresh DMEM, in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Firstly, cytotoxicity was assessed after cells were treated with cements extracts serial dilution (1:1 to 1:16), by MTT assay. To evaluate the cytokines production, 106 cells per well were cultured at 24-well-plates to interact with the 1:4 dilution of sealers extracts. Non-irradiated and irradiated groups were established. On the irradiated group, the cell culture received two InGaAlP laser irradiation (660 nm, 30 mW, 5 J/cm2, 0.028 cm2 spot size) at 12h-interval. The non-irradiated group was submitted to the same environment conditions of the irradiated group. The culture supernatants were collected, centrifuged, aliquoted and stored frozen to further analyse by ELISA assay. Data obtained (media ± standard error) were treated by ANOVA one-way, complemented by Tuckeys test and ANOVA two-way, with Bonferroni correction (p< 0.05). The cytotoxicity of AH Plus and EndoSequence BC Sealer was related to time/dose-dependent manner, whilst MTA Fillapex cytotoxicity was showed ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Meios de Cultura , Cimentos Dentários , Endodontia , Fibroblastos , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Obturação do Canal Radicular , Análise de Variância , Brasil , GengivaRESUMO
O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico depende da cuidadosa realização de todas as suas fases, terminando com uma obturação tridimensional que alcance todo o sistema de canais radiculares. Desta forma, os materiais obturadores, ou as substâncias liberadas, entrarão em contato com os tecidos perirradiculares, o que poderá influenciar a resposta inflamatória e o processo de reparo. A terapia laser de baixa potência (TLBP) tem sido estudada quanto à sua ação anti-inflamatória, favorecendo o reparo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a produção das citocinas IL-1β, IL-6 e IL-8 por fibroblastos de gengiva humana (linhagem FMM1) como resposta à presença dos extratos dos cimentos endodônticos AH Plus, MTA Fillapex e EndoSequence BC Sealer, bem como a eficácia da TLBP, neste modelo. Para isto, extratos destes cimentos, recém-manipulados e após 24 h do endurecimento, foram preparados em meio de cultura DMEM fresco, conforme as normas ISO 10993-12. Inicialmente, a citotoxicidade dos cimentos foi avaliada, após a interação das células com a diluição seriada destes extratos (1:1 a 1:16), por meio do ensaio MTT. Para a análise da produção de citocinas, 106 células por poço foram cultivadas em placas de cultura de 24 poços, para a interação com os extratos dos cimentos, na diluição 1:4. Estabeleceram-se os grupos não irradiado e irradiado. No grupo irradiado, as culturas celulares receberam duas irradiações do laser InGaAlP (660 nm, 30 mW, 5 J/cm2 e área do feixe de 0,028 cm2), com intervalo de 12 h. O grupo não irradiado foi submetido às mesmas condições ambientais que o irradiado. Os sobrenadantes das culturas foram coletados, centrifugados, aliquotados e armazenados congelados, para a posterior análise pelo ensaio de ELISA. Todos os dados obtidos (médias ± erro padrão) foram tratados estatisticamente por ANOVA one-way, complementado pelo teste de Tuckey e ANOVA...
Endodontic treatment success depends on careful accomplishment of all steps, finishing with a three-dimensional obturation that reachs the entire root canal system. Thus, the obturation materials or the substances that are released will be in contact with perirradicular tissues, which may influence the inflammatory response and the repair process. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been studied about its anti-inflammatory action, improving the repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines by human gingival fibroblasts (FMM1 lineage) as a response to the extracts of the endodontic cements AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and EndoSequence BC Sealer, besides the effectiveness of LLLT in this model. For that, freshly mixed and 24 h-set elutes of these sealers were prepared, in fresh DMEM, in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Firstly, cytotoxicity was assessed after cells were treated with cements extracts serial dilution (1:1 to 1:16), by MTT assay. To evaluate the cytokines production, 106 cells per well were cultured at 24-well-plates to interact with the 1:4 dilution of sealers extracts. Non-irradiated and irradiated groups were established. On the irradiated group, the cell culture received two InGaAlP laser irradiation (660 nm, 30 mW, 5 J/cm2, 0.028 cm2 spot size) at 12h-interval. The non-irradiated group was submitted to the same environment conditions of the irradiated group. The culture supernatants were collected, centrifuged, aliquoted and stored frozen to further analyse by ELISA assay. Data obtained (media ± standard error) were treated by ANOVA one-way, complemented by Tuckeys test and ANOVA two-way, with Bonferroni correction (p< 0.05). The cytotoxicity of AH Plus and EndoSequence BC Sealer was related to time/dose-dependent manner, whilst MTA Fillapex cytotoxicity was showed...
Assuntos
Humanos , Meios de Cultura , Cimentos Dentários , Endodontia , Fibroblastos , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Obturação do Canal Radicular , Análise de Variância , Brasil , GengivaRESUMO
In the classical model of edema formation and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan administration in rat paw, the increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to the severity of the inflammatory and pain responses. Prostaglandins are generated by the cyclooxygenase (COX). There are two distinct COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. In inflammatory tissues, COX-2 is greatly expressed producing proinflammatory prostaglandins (PGs). Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies, reducing both pain and acute inflammatory process. Herein we studied the effect of LLLT on both COX-2 and COX-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in either subplantar or brain tissues taken from rats treated with carrageenan. The experiment was designed as follows: A1 (saline), A2 (carrageenan-0.5 mg/paw), A3 (carrageenan-0.5 mg/paw + LLLT), A4 (carrageenan-1.0 mg/paw), and A5 (carrageenan-1.0 mg/paw + LLLT). Animals from the A3 and A5 groups were irradiated at 1 h after carrageenan administration, using a diode laser with an output power of 30 mW and a wavelength of 660 nm. The laser beam covered an area of 0.785 cm(2), resulting in an energy dosage of 7.5 J/cm(2). Both COX-2 and COX-1 mRNAs were measured by RT-PCR. Six hours after carrageenan administration, COX-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased both in the subplantar (2.2-4.1-fold) and total brain (8.65-13.79-fold) tissues. COX-1 mRNA expression was not changed. LLLT (7.5 J/cm(2)) reduced significantly the COX-2 mRNA expression both in the subplantar (~2.5-fold) and brain (4.84-9.67-fold) tissues. The results show that LLLT is able to reduce COX-2 mRNA expression. It is possible that the mechanism of LLLT decreasing hyperalgesia is also related to its effect in reducing the COX-2 expression in the CNS.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/enzimologia , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Animais , Encéfalo/imunologia , Carragenina/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/biossíntese , Edema/enzimologia , Edema/radioterapia , Repressão Enzimática/imunologia , Repressão Enzimática/efeitos da radiação , Hiperalgesia/radioterapia , Inflamação/enzimologia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been increasingly used to accelerate wound healing in third-degree burns. This study investigated the effects of lasers on the tissue repair process of third-degree burns. Burns were produced on the backs of male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 12): control, injury, LLLT 3 J/cm(2), and LLLT 4 J/cm(2). Each group was further divided into two subgroups; the rats in one subgroup were killed on day 8 and those in the other, on day 16 after injury. The animals in LLLT 3 J/cm(2) and LLLT 4 J/cm(2) were irradiated 1 h after injury, and irradiation was repeated every 48 h. Laser (660 nm, 35 mW) treatment at fluences of 3 and 4 J/cm(2) were used. After killing the rats, tissue fragments from the burnt area were removed for histological analysis. The LLLT-treated groups showed a significant decrease (p <0.05) in the number of inflammatory cells and increased collagen deposition compared to the injury group. Laser irradiation (both 3 and 4 J/cm(2)) resulted in reduction in the inflammatory process and improved collagen deposition, thereby ameliorating the healing of third-degree burns.
Assuntos
Queimaduras/metabolismo , Queimaduras/radioterapia , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Animais , Queimaduras/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/radioterapia , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Microscopia de Polarização , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Cicatrização/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The effect of the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the modulation of cells related to inflammatory processes has been widely studied, with different parameters. The objective was to investigate the immediate and cumulative effect of infrared LLLT on chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) modulation in mice. Fifty-two isogenic mice were distributed in seven groups: control (n = 10, no surgical procedure), laser I (n = 7, surgical procedure and a single LLLT exposure 12 h after the surgery), laser II (n = 7, surgery followed by two LLLT exposures, 12 and 36 h after surgery), and laser III (n = 7, surgery followed by three LLLT exposures, 12, 36, and 60 h after surgery). For each group, a sham group (n = 21) underwent surgery without laser application. The animals in the laser groups received an infrared diode continuous laser exposure (AsGaAl, 780 nm wavelength, power of 20 mW, energy density of 10 J/cm(2), spot size of 0,04 cm(2)) on three points (20 s per point), and a final energy of 0.4 J. The animals were sacrificed 36 h (laser I and sham I groups), 60 h (laser II and sham II), and 84 h (laser III and sham III groups) after surgery. The MCP-1 concentrations were measured by cytometric bead array. There was no significant difference between the three periods in the sham group (p = 0.3). There was a lower concentration of MCP-1 in the laser III group compared to the laser I group (p = 0.05). The infrared LLLT showed a cumulative effect in the modulation of chemokine MCP-1 concentration. Three LLLT exposures were necessary to achieve the MCP-1 modulation.
Assuntos
Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Inflamação/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Animais , Inflamação/metabolismo , Raios Infravermelhos , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/instrumentação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pele/lesões , Pele/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
To evaluate the modulation of proinflammatory (interleukin-6, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; and interferon-γ, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-ß1, TGF-ß1) in the inflammation processes in vivo with low-level laser action, 50 isogenic mice were randomly distributed into three groups: control (no surgical procedure, n = 10), sham (surgical procedure with three standard cutaneous incisions, followed by an abdominal muscle incision and suture, n = 20), and laser (same procedure followed by laser exposure, n = 20). The sham group was divided into three subgroups: sham I (euthanasia and evaluation, 36 h after surgical procedure), sham II (euthanasia and evaluation, 60 h after surgical procedure), and sham III (euthanasia and evaluation, 84 h after surgical procedure). The laser group was also divided in three subgroups: laser I (a single laser session, 12 h after surgery), laser II (two laser sessions, 12 and 36 h after surgery), and laser III (three laser sessions, 12, 36, and 60 h after surgery). All animals in the laser groups received three points per session of continuous infrared laser (wavelength of 780 nm, power of 20 mW, fluency of 10 J/cm(2), exposure time of 20 s per point, and energy of 0.4 J). After euthanasia, spleen mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured for 48 h. Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-ß1 were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. There was a significant difference between the IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in the 60-and 84-h evaluations when the laser and sham groups were compared to the control group (p < 0.05), except for laser II in the TNF-α analysis (p > 0.05). The IFN-γ concentration analysis showed a significant difference only in sham II when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Thus, there was a modulatory effect of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the laser group, particularly in the 60-h postoperative evaluation. There was no significant difference between the laser, sham, and control groups for TGF-ß1 analysis (p > 0.05). The low-level laser application decreased the TNF-α and IFN-γ release in vivo of spleen mononuclear cells in mice, especially after two exposure sessions. However, there was no modulation of the IL-6 and TGF-ß1 release.