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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different dietary inflammatory index diets on inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, and sleep quality in obese subjects. METHODS: This study was conducted in a public hospital in Turkey between November 2021 and May 2022. Participants with pro-inflammatory dietary habits were included in the study. Randomly divided into two groups of 33 participants, they were subjected to an anti-inflammatory diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. The study evaluated the anthropometric parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality indices of the diet groups. RESULTS: Significant reductions in body mass index were observed in both groups, more marked in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. C-reactive protein levels, indicative of inflammation, also decreased substantially in both groups, with a more marked reduction in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. Despite the improvement in sleep quality in both groups, the variation was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the importance of anti-inflammatory diets in nutritional strategies for obesity by reducing body mass index and inflammation.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa , Inflamação , Obesidade , Qualidade do Sono , Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/complicações , Masculino , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Feminino , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/análise , Dieta , Resultado do Tratamento , Sono/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Even though the role of D2 (ergocalciferol) on cardiovascular disease risk components has been studied, conflicting results have been reported. Moreover, no single study has studied all these parameters and the role of vitamin D2 individually has not been assessed; hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on lipid profile, anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and inflammatory and glycemic biomarkers in humans. METHODS: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Embase were searched from database inception to July 2024, and the random effects model, according to the DerSimonian and Laird method, was used to generate combined estimates of the intervention's effect on the outcomes. RESULTS: After full-text analysis, 11 eligible articles were included in our meta-analyses. No statistically significant association was observed between vitamin D2 administration and BMI, WC, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, DBP or SBP; however, a statistically significant decrease in CRP (WMD: - 1.92â¯mg/dL, 95â¯% CI: - 3.30 to - 0.54, P = 0.006) and HbA1c levels (WMD: - 0.37â¯%, 95â¯% CI: - 0.66 to - 0.09, P = 0.009), and a non-statistically significant decrease in FBG (WMD: - 4.61â¯mg/dL, 95â¯% CI: - 14.71 to 5.47, P = 0.370, I2 = 90â¯%, P Ë 0.001) and HOMA-IR (WMD: - 0.10, 95â¯% CI: - 0.17-0.03, P = 0.002) were detected. CONCLUSION: In summary, our systematic review and meta-analysis discovered that vitamin D2 administration was associated with a statistically significant decrease in CRP and HbA1c levels, without a significant correlation with other outcomes.
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Biomarcadores , Pressão Sanguínea , Ergocalciferóis , Lipídeos , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ergocalciferóis/administração & dosagem , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Lipídeos/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Circunferência da Cintura/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This article reviews inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory foods, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, the benefits of specific anti-inflammatory diets, and strategies for nurses to partner with individuals, while considering culture and food preferences, to promote healthy eating habits and prevent diseases.
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Dieta Saudável , Inflamação , Humanos , Doenças Autoimunes/dietoterapia , Doenças Autoimunes/enfermagem , Dieta Saudável/enfermagem , Preferências Alimentares , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/enfermagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fatigue and gastrointestinal (GI) distress are common among athletes with an estimated 30-90% of athletes participating in marathons, triathlons, or similar events experiencing GI complaints. Intense exercise can lead to increased intestinal permeability, potentially allowing members of the gut microbiota to permeate into the bloodstream, resulting in an inflammatory response and cascade of performance-limiting outcomes. Probiotics, through their capacity to regulate the composition of the gut microbiota, may act as an adjunctive therapy by enhancing GI and immune function while mitigating inflammatory responses. This review investigates the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation on fatigue, inflammatory markers, and exercise performance based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) framework. A comprehensive search was conducted in Sportdiscus, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and the screening of titles, abstracts, and full articles was performed based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Of the 3505 records identified, 1884 were screened using titles and abstracts, of which 450 studies were selected for full-text screening. After final screening, 13 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. The studies contained 513 participants, consisting of 351 males and 115 females, however, two studies failed to mention the sex of the participants. Among the participants, 246 were defined as athletes, while the remaining participants were classified as recreationally active (n = 267). All trials were fully described and employed a double- or triple-blind placebo-controlled intervention using either a single probiotic strain or a multi-strain synbiotic (containing both pro- and pre-biotics). RESULTS: This review assesses the effects of daily probiotic supplementation, ranging from 13 to 90 days, on physical performance and physiological markers in various exercise protocols. Ten studies reported improvements in various parameters, such as, enhanced endurance performance, improved anxiety and stress levels, decreased GI symptoms, and reduced upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Moreover, despite no improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), several studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation led to amelioration in lactate, creatine kinase (CK), and ammonia concentrations, suggesting beneficial effects on mitigating exercise-induced muscular stress and damage. CONCLUSION: Probiotic supplementation, specifically at a minimum dosage of 15 billion CFUs daily for a duration of at least 28 days, may contribute to the reduction of perceived or actual fatigue.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Fadiga , Gastroenteropatias , Inflamação , Probióticos , Humanos , Atletas , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Fadiga/imunologia , Fadiga/prevenção & controle , Gastroenteropatias/complicações , Gastroenteropatias/dietoterapia , Gastroenteropatias/imunologia , Gastroenteropatias/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/imunologia , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/microbiologia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Esportiva/imunologiaRESUMO
Nonsoy legumes offer many health benefits, including improved arterial function, reduced cholesterol levels, and better management of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the inconclusive findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by comprehensively evaluating the effects of nonsoy legumes consumption on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and Adiponectin. The search encompassed databases up to January 2024, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL to retrieve all RCTs examining the effects of nonsoy legumes on inflammatory biomarkers or Adiponectin. The effect sizes quantified as mean differences (MD) and standard deviations (SD) of outcomes, and an overall effect estimate was derived using a random-effects model. RCTs examining serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and Adiponectin were included in the final meta-analysis. Results revealed that consumption of nonsoy legumes increased Adiponectin serum levels (P=.0017) and reduced IL-1ß serum levels (P<.0001). However, it may not significantly affect CRP (P=.2951), IL-6 (P=.2286), and TNF-α (P=.6661) levels. Subgroup analyses showed that nonsoy legumes consumption significantly decreased TNF-α serum levels in studies involving healthy participants. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method suggested a potential significant reduction in serum levels of IL-6. This study indicates that consuming nonsoy legumes can increase levels of Adiponectin and decrease serum levels of IL-1ß in overweight or obese adults.
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Adiponectina , Biomarcadores , Fabaceae , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Adulto , Humanos , Adiponectina/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/imunologia , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/imunologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/imunologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJECT: The aim was to assess the effect of folic acid supplementation on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: From its inception until February 2024, four databases including Web of Science were searched. Two researchers independently screened the literature, assessed the quality, extracted data, and conducted a meta-analysis using RevMan. RESULTS: The systematic review included seven studies (with a total of 1102 participants, mean age 65-80 years), seven of which were appropriate for meta-analysis. Although a small number of studies found relatively large heterogeneity, the majority of studies showed significant benefit from folic acid supplementation, including the FSIQ (823 individuals, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 8.36, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.79 - 1.08), Arithmetic (823 individuals, SMD = 0.17, 95 % CI = -0.03-0.31), Information, SMD = 1.73, 95 % CI 0.41-3.05), Digit Span (823 individuals, SMD = 0.17, 95 % CI = -0.03 - 0.31), Block Design (823 individuals, SMD = 0.26, 95 % CI 0.03-0.49), Picture Completion (823 individuals, SMD = 0.27, 95 % CI = -0.15 - 0.69) and Picture Arrangement (823 individuals, SMD = -0.12, 95 % CI = -0.26 - 0.01). Finally, folic acid supplementation had a significant effect on the reduction of most inflammatory cytokines, blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, and Hcy. CONCLUSIONS: Folic acid supplementation seems to have a positive impact on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, but further evidence of its effectiveness in improving inflammatory cytokines is needed from high-quality studies.
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Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácido Fólico , Inflamação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Disfunção Cognitiva/sangue , Disfunção Cognitiva/dietoterapia , Citocinas/sangue , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Dietary biomarkers in urine remain elusive when evaluating diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In our previous study, we conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial to compare the short-term (4-weeks) effects of the balanced Korean diet (BKD) with Western diets, including the 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans (2010 DGA) and typical American diet (TAD), on various metabolic indices in obese Korean adults. Building on this work, the current research focuses on the impact of these dietary interventions on oxidative stress (d-ROMs and BAP) and inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, MCP-1) biomarkers in serum, and the concurrent urine metabolomes. Each dietary regimen was in silico and experimentally examined for their antioxidant levels using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays, as well as total flavonoid (TFC) and total phenolic (TPC) contents. We assessed post-intervention variations in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in serum, as well as the urine metabolite profiles for the participants (n = 48, average age: 41 years). Antioxidant contents and associated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly higher for the recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) compared to TAD (p < 0.05). Butanol extracts from recommended diets (BKD and 2010 DGA) showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to TAD in ABTS (p < 0.01), DPPH, and FRAP (p < 0.05) assays. Consistent results were observed in total phenolic and flavonoid contents, mirroring their respective antioxidant activities. Following the intervention period, oxidative stress & inflammation markers in serum varied marginally, however, the urine metabolite profiles were clearly demarcated for the BKD and Western dietary groups (PC1 = 5.41%). For BKD group, the pre- and post-intervention urine metabolite profiles were clearly segregated (PLS2 = 2.93%). Compared to TAD, urine extracts from the recommended dietary group showed higher abundance of benzoic acid & phenolic derivatives (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). Metabolites associated with oxidative stress were observed higher in the urine samples from Western dietary groups compared to BKD. Urine metabolomics data delineated the post-intervention effects of three dietary interventions which corroborates the respective findings for their effects on metabolic indices.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Biomarcadores , Estudos Cross-Over , Inflamação , Metabolômica , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Adulto , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/sangue , Masculino , Metabolômica/métodos , Feminino , Biomarcadores/urina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metaboloma , Dieta OcidentalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vascular oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are important in the pathology of cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension. Cell culture and animal studies suggest that inorganic dietary nitrate may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation through nitric oxide (NO), and there is a need to investigate whether this translates to humans. AIM: In this randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study, by measuring a combination of multiple blood biomarkers, we evaluated whether previously reported benefits of dietary nitrate translate to a reduced oxidative stress and an improved inflammation status in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension. METHODS: We investigated the effects of a single â¼400 mg-dose of nitrate at 3 h post-ingestion (3H POST) and the daily consumption of 2 × â¼400 mg of nitrate over 4 weeks (4WK POST), through nitrate-rich versus nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice. Measurements included plasma nitrate and nitrite (NOx), oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), F2-isoprostanes, protein carbonyls, oxidised (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH); and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Flow cytometry was used to assess the relative proportion of blood monocyte subsets. RESULTS: At 4WK POST nitrate intervention, the oxLDL/NOx ratio decreased (mainly due to increases in plasma nitrate and nitrite) and the GSH/GSSG ratio (a sensitive biomarker for alterations in the redox status) increased, compared with placebo (for both ratios P < 0.01). The relative proportion of classical (CD14+CD16-) monocytes decreased at 4WK POST for placebo compared to nitrate intervention (P < 0.05). Other oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were not altered by increased nitrate intake relative to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study point toward a subtle alteration in the redox balance toward a less pro-oxidative profile by a regular intake of inorganic nitrate from plant foods. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: NCT04584372 (ClinicialTrials.gov).
Assuntos
Beta vulgaris , Biomarcadores , Estudos Cross-Over , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Hipertensão , Inflamação , Nitratos , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Idoso , Beta vulgaris/química , Nitratos/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Hipertensão/sangue , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Nitritos/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismoRESUMO
Several studies reported the benefits of flaxseed on inflammatory biomarkers, while others reported conflicting findings. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impacts of flaxseed on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched till February 2024. The 54 RCTs were included in the final analysis, which involved 3000 individuals from 12 countries. Overall, the flaxseed supplementation had a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = -0.46; 95â¯% CI: -0.70, -0.23, P < 0.001; I2 = 82.9â¯%, P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD = -0.64, 95â¯% CI: -1.13, -0.16, P = 0.010; I2 = 92.7, P < 0.001). Furthermore, flaxseed did not significantly change the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (SMD = -0.17; 95â¯% CI: -0.63, 0.29, P = 0.467; I2 = 92, P < 0.001). Flaxseed supplementation significantly decreased serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6, but not TNF-a. Thus, this meta-analysis suggests that the current evidence supports the potential benefits of flaxseed in managing inflammatory conditions.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Suplementos Nutricionais , Linho , Inflamação , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
Background: Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota composition, abundance and diversity can influence many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Modulating gut microbiota through targeted nutrition can provide beneficial effects leading to the concept of personalized nutrition for health improvement. In this prospective clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of a microbiome-based targeted personalized diet on hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic individuals. Specifically, BugSpeaks®-a microbiome profile test that profiles microbiota using next generation sequencing and provides personalized nutritional recommendation based on the individual microbiota profile was evaluated. Methods: A total of 30 participants with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were recruited for this study. The microbiome profile of the 15 participants (test arm) was evaluated using whole genome shotgun metagenomics and personalized nutritional recommendations based on their microbiota profile were provided. The remaining 15 participants (control arm) were provided with diabetic nutritional guidance for 3 months. Clinical and anthropometric parameters such as HbA1c, systolic/diastolic pressure, c-reactive protein levels and microbiota composition were measured and compared during the study. Results: The test arm (microbiome-based nutrition) showed a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c level from 8.30 (95% confidence interval (CI), [7.74-8.85]) to 6.67 (95% CI [6.2-7.05]), p < 0.001 after 90 days. The test arm also showed a 5% decline in the systolic pressure whereas the control arm showed a 7% increase. Incidentally, a sub-cohort of the test arm of patients with >130 mm Hg systolic pressure showed a statistically significant decrease of systolic pressure by 14%. Interestingly, CRP level was also found to drop by 19.5%. Alpha diversity measures showed a significant increase in Shannon diversity measure (p < 0.05), after the microbiome-based personalized dietary intervention. The intervention led to a minimum two-fold (Log2 fold change increase in species like Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Bifidobacterium angulatum, and Levilactobacillus brevis which might have a beneficial role in the current context and a similar decrease in species like Alistipes finegoldii, and Sutterella faecalis which have been earlier shown to have some negative effects in the host. Overall, the study indicated a net positive impact of the microbiota based personalized dietary regime on the gut microbiome and correlated clinical parameters.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hiperglicemia , Hipertensão , Medicina de Precisão , Humanos , Masculino , Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Hipertensão/microbiologia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiologia , Hiperglicemia/dietoterapia , Hiperglicemia/microbiologia , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Estudo de Prova de Conceito , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Idoso , Hiperlipidemias/dietoterapia , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Hiperlipidemias/microbiologia , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismoRESUMO
Numerous interventional studies have revealed the beneficial impact of curcumin supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function biomarkers, but the findings are still inconsistent. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function biomarkers. A meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 31, 2024. Pooled estimates of 21 meta-analyses revealed that curcumin significantly reduced CRP (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.87; 95â¯% CI: - 1.14, - 0.59, P< 0.001), tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (WMD = -2.72; 95â¯% CI: -4.05, -1.38; P< 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD = -0.97, 95â¯% CI: -1.40, -0.54; P< 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA) (Effect size (ES) = -0.81; 95â¯% CI: -1.39, -0.23, P = 0.006) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) (WMD = -45.60; 95â¯% CI: -88.16, -3.04, P = 0.036), and increased flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (WMD = 1.64, 95â¯% CI: 1.06, 2.22, P < 0.001), catalase (CAT) (WMD = 10.26; 95â¯% CI: 0.92, 19.61, P= 0.03), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (WMD = 8.90; 95â¯% CI: 6.62, 11.19, P <0.001), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (WMD = 20.51; 95â¯% CI: 7.35, 33.67, P= 0.002 and SMD = 0.82; 95â¯% CI: 0.27, 1.38, P= 0.004). However, curcumin did not significantly change total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ES = 0.29; 95â¯% CI: -0.09, 0.66, P= 0.059). These results suggest that curcumin has a beneficial effect on CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, SOD, GPx, CAT, MDA, PWV, and FMD levels and may be an effective adjunctive therapy for improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. Registration number: PROSPERO, CRD42024539018.
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Curcumina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Endotélio Vascular , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangue , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Metanálise como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health concern. The disease is silent, and its diagnosis is often delayed. Inflammatory markers constitute an interesting tool to act as subrogate, non-invasive markers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of inflammatory markers throughout a two-year dietary intervention in subjects presenting MASLD, to determine which of the markers are suitable to predict the disease, and act as a customizing tool for MASLD's dietary treatment. METHODS: Ninety-eight subjects with MASLD and forty-five controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study were analyzed. MASLD was diagnosed and graded by ultrasound. The MASLD subjects were randomly assigned to two different dietary strategies, the American Heart Association (AHA diet) or a dietary strategy based on the Mediterranean pattern, which was specially designed for the study (FLiO diet), and then followed for two years. Hepatic status was additionally assessed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), elastography, and determination of transaminases. RESULTS & DISCUSSION: Inflammatory markers improved throughout the intervention in the MASLD subjects and managed to reach similar levels to controls, especially at 6 and 12 months. Additionally, leptin, adiponectin, M30, and LECT2 managed to significantly diagnose the disease at all time marks of the intervention, making them candidates for subrogate non-invasive markers of the disease. Moreover, baseline chemerin, leptin, LECT2, and M65 were used to build a predictive score to achieve greater weight loss, and therefore, which strategy could be more useful for MASLD 's treatment. The predictive score was significantly able assign a specific diet to 55% of the study participants, meaning that the remaining 45% could achieve the same amount of weight loss following either diet equally. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory markers constitute a potential non-invasive tool to be used in MASLD screening and could also constitute an interesting tool for MASLD's treatment customization, being able to predict the effectiveness of a dietary strategy based on the initial inflammatory state of each subject. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov (NCT03183193).
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Obesidade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/complicações , Adulto , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Fígado Gorduroso/dietoterapia , Dieta Mediterrânea , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado/metabolismo , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/dietoterapia , Leptina/sangueRESUMO
The Mediterranean diet (MD) and its bioactive constituents have been advocated for their neuroprotective properties along with their capacity to affect gut microbiota speciation and metabolism. Mediated through the gut brain axis, this modulation of the microbiota may partly contribute to the neuroprotective properties of the MD. To explore this potential interaction, we evaluated the neuroprotective properties of a novel bioactive blend (Neurosyn240) resembling the Mediterranean diet in a rodent model of chronic low-grade inflammation. Behavioral tests of cognition, brain proteomic analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and 1H NMR metabolomic analyses were employed to develop an understanding of the gut-brain axis interactions involved. Recognition memory, as assessed by the novel object recognition task (NOR), decreased in response to LPS insult and was restored with Neurosyn240 supplementation. Although the open field task performance did not reach significance, it correlated with NOR performance indicating an element of anxiety related to this cognitive change. Behavioral changes associated with Neurosyn240 were accompanied by a shift in the microbiota composition which included the restoration of the Firmicutes: Bacteroidota ratio and an increase in Muribaculum, Rikenellaceae Alloprevotella, and most notably Akkermansia which significantly correlated with NOR performance. Akkermansia also correlated with the metabolites 5-aminovalerate, threonine, valine, uridine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate, which in turn significantly correlated with NOR performance. The proteomic profile within the brain was dramatically influenced by both interventions, with KEGG analysis highlighting oxidative phosphorylation and neurodegenerative disease-related pathways to be modulated. Intriguingly, a subset of these proteomic changes simultaneously correlated with Akkermansia abundance and predominantly related to oxidative phosphorylation, perhaps alluding to a protective gut-brain axis interaction. Collectively, our results suggest that the bioactive blend Neurosyn240 conferred cognitive and microbiota resilience in response to the deleterious effects of low-grade inflammation.
Assuntos
Cognição , Dieta Mediterrânea , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inflamação , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Masculino , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genéticaRESUMO
Nutrition can play a pivotal role in the management of pain associated with chronic rheumatic diseases. There is a growing body of research linking certain nutrients from the diet to inflammation. Certain nutrients have been shown to improve pain associated with inflammation. Furthermore, certain dietary patterns have been shown to improve pain across multiple rheumatic conditions. Finally, maintaining a low body mass is associated with improved pain associated with chronic rheumatic diseases.
Assuntos
Manejo da Dor , Doenças Reumáticas , Humanos , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Doenças Reumáticas/dietoterapia , Doenças Reumáticas/complicações , Dieta , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Dor Crônica/dietoterapia , Dor Crônica/terapia , Dor/dietoterapia , NutrientesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chia and flax seeds are rich in alphalinolenic acid (ALA), which is bioconverted into the active derivatives eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) having multiple beneficial effects. However, there is limited knowledge about the antiinflammatory effects of chia and flax integral flours diets rich in ALA. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of dietary supplementation with integral chia and flax flours in a murine model of LPSinduced systemic inflammation. METHODS: Balb/c mice were distributed into three groups: diet A (control), diet B (supplemented with integral chia flour), and diet C (supplemented with integral flax flour). Nutritional, hematological, and biochemical determinations were performed. ALA, EPA, and DHA were assessed by GC-MS in the liver, brain, cardiac and skeletal muscles. NF-kB immunoassays were performed in kidney, liver, and peritoneal macrophages, respectively. The phagocytic capacity was determined in peritoneal macrophages and the expression of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed by RT-qPCR in the kidney, liver, and spleen. RESULTS: Diets B and C exhibited optimal nutritional adequacy and caused increased levels of ALA, EPA, and DHA in critical tissues compared to the control. The phagocytic capacity of murine peritoneal macrophages (p< 0.01) and IL-10 transcription increased, whereas the expression of NF-κB, IL-1Β, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased in animals fed both experimental diets. CONCLUSIONS: This work contributes to the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of chia and flax integral flours rich in ALA and reinforces the health advantages of their consumption.
Introducción: Las semillas de chía y lino son ricas en ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA), sus derivados activos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA) ejercen probados efectos beneficiosos. Existe un conocimiento limitado sobre los efectos protectores de ambas semillas bajo la forma de harinas integrales, siendo de particular interés el efecto antiinflamatorio. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto antiinflamatorio de la suplementación dietaria con harinas integrales de semillas de chía y lino en un modelo murino de inflamación sistémica inducido por LPS. Métodos: Ratones de la cepa Balb/c fueron distribuidos en tres grupos: dieta A (control), dieta B (suplementada con harina integral de chía) y dieta C (suplementada con harina integral de lino). Se efecturaron determinaciones nutricionales, hematológicas y bioquímicas. El contenido de ALA, EPA y DHA en hígado, cerebro, corazón y músculo esquelético se determinó por cromatografía GC-MS. Se realizó la inmunodetección de NF-kB en macrófagos peritoneales, riñón e hígado. Se determinó la capacidad fagocítica de macrófagos peritoneales y se evaluó la expresión de citoquinas pro y antiinflamatorias por RT-qPCR en riñón, hígado y bazo. RESULTADOS: Las dietas B y C mostraron una adecuación nutricional óptima y generaron niveles elevados de ALA, EPA y DHA en tejidos críticos. La capacidad fagocítica de los macrófagos peritoneales (p< 0.01) y la transcripción de IL-10 aumentó, mientras que la expresión de NF-κB, IL-1Β, IL-6 y TNF-α disminuyó en animales de los grupos B y C. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento actual de los efectos antiinflamatorios de ambas harinas integrales y refuerza los beneficios de su consumo.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Linho , Inflamação , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Animais , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Camundongos , Farinha/análise , Citocinas/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , MasculinoRESUMO
Childhood epilepsy affects up to 1â¯% of children. It has been shown that 30â¯% of patients are resistant to drug treatments, making further investigation of other potential treatment strategies necessary. One such approach is the ketogenic diet (KD) showing promising results and potential benefits beyond the use of current antiepileptic drugs. This study aims to investigate the effects of KD on inflammation and oxidative stress, as one of the main suggested mechanisms of neuroprotection, in children with epilepsy. This narrative review was conducted using the Medline and Google Scholar databases, and by searching epilepsy, drug-resistant epilepsy, child, children, ketogenic, ketogenic diet, diet, ketogenic, keto, ketone bodies (BHB), PUFA, gut microbiota, inflammation, inflammation mediators, neurogenic inflammation, neuroinflammation, inflammatory marker, adenosine modulation, mitochondrial function, MTOR pathway, Nrf2 pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, PPARÉ£, oxidative stress, ROS/RNS, and stress oxidative as keywords. Compelling evidence underscores inflammation and oxidative stress as pivotal factors in epilepsy, even in cases with genetic origins. The ketogenic diet effectively addresses these factors by reducing ROS and RNS, enhancing antioxidant defenses, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating inflammatory genes. Additionally, KD curbs pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by dampening NF-κB activation, inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, increasing brain adenosine levels, mTOR pathway inhibition, upregulating PPARÉ£ expression, and promoting a healthy gut microbiota while emphasizing the consumption of healthy fats. KD could be considered a promising therapeutic intervention in patients with epilepsy particularly in drug-resistant epilepsy cases, due to its targeted approach addressing oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms.
Assuntos
Dieta Cetogênica , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Humanos , Dieta Cetogênica/métodos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Criança , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Epilepsia/dietoterapia , Epilepsia/metabolismoRESUMO
Overweight and obesity constitute a major global public health problem. Healthy dietary patterns induce changes at the molecular level. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effect of a diet based on fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT diet) on the expression of obesity-related genes. This randomized controlled crossover study included 44 obese Colombians with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who followed either a FAWGT diet or a usual diet (UD) characterized by a high intake of saturated fat and foods rich in processed carbohydrates. After 8 weeks of intervention, a postprandial expression study of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes was carried out with a real-time PCR. The intervention with a FAWGT diet decreased the expression of inflammatory (NFKB1, IL6, IL1ß) and oxidative stress (NFE2L2) genes compared with the intake of the UD. Finally, the postprandial expression of NFkB1 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels after a dietary intervention with the FAWGT diet and the IL1ß gene, and likewise with insulin levels after following the usual diet. The consumption of the FAWGT diet for 8 weeks reduced the inflammatory status; thus, it can be considered a valid alternative to other healthy diets, since it induces beneficial changes on the genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in obese people.
Assuntos
Inflamação , Obesidade , Animais , Estudos Cross-Over , Frutas , Expressão Gênica , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Persea , Truta , Grãos Integrais , Humanos , Proteínas de Peixes da DietaRESUMO
This study was designed to evaluate the long-term effects of Fructose (20%) feeding in rats, simulating metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the effects of coconut oil (C.O.) supplementation when administered in a MetS context. MetS is a cluster of systemic conditions that represent an increased chance of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes in the future. C.O. has been the target of media speculation, and recent studies report inconsistent results. C.O. improved glucose homeostasis and reduced fat accumulation in Fructose-fed rats while decreasing the levels of triglycerides (TGs) in the liver. C.O. supplementation also increased TGs levels and fructosamine in serum during MetS, possibly due to white adipose tissue breakdown and high fructose feeding. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and TNF-α were also increased in rats treated with Fructose and C.O. Oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine is increased in fructose-fed animals, and C.O. treatment did not prevent this damage. No significant changes were observed in lipoperoxidation marker 4-Hydroxynonenal; however, fructose feeding increased total conjugated dienes and caused conjugated dienes to switch their conformation from cis-trans to trans-trans, which was not prevented by C.O. treatment. Potential benefits of C.O. have been reported with inconsistent results, and indeed we observed some benefits of C.O. supplementation in aiding weight loss, fat accumulation, and improving glucose homeostasis. Nonetheless, we also demonstrated that long-term C.O. supplementation could present some problematic effects with higher risk for individuals suffering MetS, including increased TGs and fructosamine levels and conformational changes in dienes.
Assuntos
Óleo de Coco , Suplementos Nutricionais , Síndrome Metabólica , Animais , Ratos , Glicemia/metabolismo , Óleo de Coco/farmacologia , Óleo de Coco/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Frutosamina/metabolismo , Frutosamina/farmacologia , Frutose/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Homeostase , Fígado/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/dietoterapia , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/metabolismoRESUMO
A relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and diet has been shown in epidemiological and experimental studies. In a 6-month, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adult UC patients in clinical remission were randomized to either an "Anti-inflammatory Diet (AID)" or "Canada's Food Guide (CFG)". Menu plans in the AID were designed to increase the dietary intake of dietary fiber, probiotics, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids and to decrease the intake of red meat, processed meat, and added sugar. Stool was collected for fecal calprotectin (FCP) and microbial analysis. Metabolomic analysis was performed on urine, serum, and stool samples at the baseline and study endpoint. In this study, 53 patients were randomized. Five (19.2%) patients in the AID and 8 (29.6%) patients in the CFG experienced a clinical relapse. The subclinical response to the intervention (defined as FCP < 150 µg/g at the endpoint) was significantly higher in the AID group (69.2 vs. 37.0%, p = 0.02). The patients in the AID group had an increased intake of zinc, phosphorus, selenium, yogurt, and seafood versus the control group. Adherence to the AID was associated with significant changes in the metabolome, with decreased fecal acetone and xanthine levels along with increased fecal taurine and urinary carnosine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels. The AID subjects also had increases in fecal Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. In this study, we found thatdietary modifications involving the increased intake of anti-inflammatory foods combined with a decreased intake of pro-inflammatory foods were associated with metabolic and microbial changes in UC patients in clinical remission and were effective in preventing subclinical inflammation.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Dieta , Inflamação , Adulto , Colite Ulcerativa/dietoterapia , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Dieta/métodos , Fezes/química , Humanos , Inflamação/dietoterapia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported to be involved in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA) inflammation. Here, we investigated the ketogenic diet (KD), which has been previously demonstrated to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, to elucidate its protective mechanism against OA in rats. METHODS: Anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) together with partial medial meniscectomy was used to create a rat knee joint OA model. After treatment with KD or standard diet (SD) for 8 weeks, the knee specimens were obtained for testing. RESULTS: The KD significantly increased the content of ß-hydroxybutyrate (ßOHB) in rats. Compared to the SD group, the KD significantly reduced the damage caused by OA in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 ß (IL-1ß) and IL-18 were significantly increased in the SD group compared with the sham group, while their expression was significantly decreased in rats treated with the KD. In addition, MMP13 was significantly decreased in the KD group compared to that in the SD group, while COL2 was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: KD can protect the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat OA model by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reducing the OA inflammatory response.