RESUMO
The analysis of the immune gene expression was performed in Zebu × Holstein calves with resistant and susceptible phenotypes naturally infected with Cooperia punctata. Fourteen calves of 4 months old were grazed for 11 weeks under a tropical climate. The parasitic infection showed an average epg value of 1055 ± 1155 and an IgG optical density of 0.814 ± 0.0.037 with statistic differences among the different weeks (p < 0.05), and a pcv value of 24 ± 2.0 % (p > 0.05). High variation in epg value was observed, between 7 ± 7.14 and 4657 ± 1886, and, based on these differences; the infected hosts were classified as five resistant calves with epg ≤ 200 and nine susceptible calves with epg ≥ 300. Moreover, IgG levels displayed statistical differences between resistance and susceptible calves to C. punctata infection. The immune gene expression was analysed in three resistant and susceptible calves, respectively. Nine cytokine genes and the FCεR1A receptor were analysed at the 3rd and 11th weeks post-infection. In the first period upregulation was found, from 2.19- to 9.45-fold, (p < 0.05) for IL-2, -5, - 6, -10, TGF-ß and FCεR1A in the resistant group; the expression was decreased at the 11th week with low level of IgG. In contrast, downregulation for susceptible calves was found for nine immune genes and upregulation for INF-γ in both periods together with increased IgG levels. In conclusion, immune gene expression was regulated at the begging infection of C. punctata in resistant grazing calves. In contrast, suppression of important genes was involved in calves susceptible to C. punctata.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fezes/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Rabditídios , Infecções por Rhabditida/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Rhabditida/imunologiaRESUMO
Os nematoides do gênero Rhabditis são responsáveis por causar a otite parasitária em bovinos leiteiros da raça Gir. Esta afecção parasitária tem sido relatada em vários países de clima quente e úmido. No Brasil, a rhabditiose tem sido descrita em diversas regiões, sendo responsável pela queda na produção de leite nos rebanhos afetados. De acordo com a literatura, a otite parasitária gera danos diretos na economia e sanidade animal, contudo, existe uma certa discrepância no controle e terapêutica utilizados. O objetivo dessa revisão foi proporcionar a comunidade científica, técnicos e aos produtores rurais uma atualização do conhecimento da problemática da otite parasitária no Brasil e no mundo. O controle parasitário do Rhabditis spp., bem como a sua terapêutica ainda são considerados ineficazes, visto que as recidivas são comuns. Dessa forma, a problemática da otite parasitária no Brasil ainda carece de novos estudos, mas alguns protocolos alternativos experimentais recentes apontam sinergicamente para um horizonte mais produtivo no controle desta parasitose.(AU)
Nematodes of the genus Rhabditis are responsible for parasitic otitis in Gir dairy cattle. This parasitic condition has been reported in several countries with hot and humid climates. In Brazil, it has been described in several regions, being responsible for the drop in milk production in the affected herds. To the best of our knowledge, parasitic otitis causes direct damage to the economy and animal health, however it still lacks a standardized and effective protocol for treatment and control. The purpose of this review was to provide the scientific community, technicians and rural producers with an update on the knowledge of the problem of parasitic otitis in Brazil and worldwide. Parasitic control of Rhabditis spp., as well as its treatment, are still considered ineffective, since recurrences are common. Thus, the problem of parasitic otitis in Brazil requires further studies, but some recent experimental alternative protocols point synergistically towards a more promising horizon in the control of this parasitosis.(AU)
Los nematodos del género Rhabditis son responsables de causar otitis parasitaria en el ganado lechero de raza Gyr. Esta condición parasitaria se ha informado en varios países con climas cálidos y húmedos. En Brasil, la otitis parasitaria por Rhabditis spp., se ha descrito en varias regiones, siendo responsable de la caída en la producción de leche en los rebaños afectados. Según nuestro conocimiento literario, la otitis parasitaria causa daño directo a la economía y la salud animal, sin embargo, hubo una cierta discrepancia en el control y el tratamiento utilizado. El objetivo de esta revisión fue proporcionarle a la comunidad científica, técnicos y productores rurales una actualización sobre el conocimiento del problema de la otitis parasitaria en Brasil y en todo el mundo. El control parasitario de Rhabditis spp., como también su tratamiento, todavía se consideran ineficaces, ya que las recurrencias son comunes. Por lo tanto, el problema de la otitis parasitaria en Brasil todavía necesita más estudios, pero algunos protocolos alternativos experimentales recientes apuntan sinérgicamente hacia un "horizonte" más productivo en el control de esta parasitosis.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Infecções por Rhabditida/história , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea , Otite/parasitologia , Otite/veterinária , Doenças Vestibulares/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Aberrant nematode larval migration in the CNS of horses is rare but frequently fatal; one of the main etiological agents involved in this illness is Halicephalobus gingivalis. This soil nematode has been associated with several fatal equine meningoencephalitis reports worldwide; however, it had never been diagnosed in horses of Mexico. A 10 year-old Andalusian horse presented dysphagia, fever, weakness, prostration and ataxia; the patient expired during the medical attention. Post mortem examination was performed and no gross alterations were found. Histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis, vasculitis and intralesional adult nematodes, larvae and eggs compatible with Halicephalobus spp. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) of nematodes was performed from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of brain. Posterior nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the agent as H. gingivalis. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Halicephalobiasis in Mexico.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rabditídios/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Evolução Fatal , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Cavalos , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalite/parasitologia , México , Rabditídios/classificação , Infecções por Rhabditida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Tylenchida/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Os nematoides do gênero Rhabditis são responsáveis por causar a otite parasitária em bovinos leiteiros da raça Gir. Esta afecção parasitária tem sido relatada em vários países de clima quente e úmido. No Brasil, a rhabditiose tem sido descrita em diversas regiões, sendo responsável pela queda na produção de leite nos rebanhos afetados. De acordo com a literatura, a otite parasitária gera danos diretos na economia e sanidade animal, contudo, existe uma certa discrepância no controle e terapêutica utilizados. O objetivo dessa revisão foi proporcionar a comunidade científica, técnicos e aos produtores rurais uma atualização do conhecimento da problemática da otite parasitária no Brasil e no mundo. O controle parasitário do Rhabditis spp., bem como a sua terapêutica ainda são considerados ineficazes, visto que as recidivas são comuns. Dessa forma, a problemática da otite parasitária no Brasil ainda carece de novos estudos, mas alguns protocolos alternativos experimentais recentes apontam sinergicamente para um horizonte mais produtivo no controle desta parasitose.
Nematodes of the genus Rhabditis are responsible for parasitic otitis in Gir dairy cattle. This parasitic condition has been reported in several countries with hot and humid climates. In Brazil, it has been described in several regions, being responsible for the drop in milk production in the affected herds. To the best of our knowledge, parasitic otitis causes direct damage to the economy and animal health, however it still lacks a standardized and effective protocol for treatment and control. The purpose of this review was to provide the scientific community, technicians and rural producers with an update on the knowledge of the problem of parasitic otitis in Brazil and worldwide. Parasitic control of Rhabditis spp., as well as its treatment, are still considered ineffective, since recurrences are common. Thus, the problem of parasitic otitis in Brazil requires further studies, but some recent experimental alternative protocols point synergistically towards a more promising horizon in the control of this parasitosis.
Los nematodos del género Rhabditis son responsables de causar otitis parasitaria en el ganado lechero de raza Gyr. Esta condición parasitaria se ha informado en varios países con climas cálidos y húmedos. En Brasil, la otitis parasitaria por Rhabditis spp., se ha descrito en varias regiones, siendo responsable de la caída en la producción de leche en los rebaños afectados. Según nuestro conocimiento literario, la otitis parasitaria causa daño directo a la economía y la salud animal, sin embargo, hubo una cierta discrepancia en el control y el tratamiento utilizado. El objetivo de esta revisión fue proporcionarle a la comunidad científica, técnicos y productores rurales una actualización sobre el conocimiento del problema de la otitis parasitaria en Brasil y en todo el mundo. El control parasitario de Rhabditis spp., como también su tratamiento, todavía se consideran ineficaces, ya que las recurrencias son comunes. Por lo tanto, el problema de la otitis parasitaria en Brasil todavía necesita más estudios, pero algunos protocolos alternativos experimentales recientes apuntan sinérgicamente hacia un "horizonte" más productivo en el control de esta parasitosis.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Infecções por Rhabditida/história , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Otite/parasitologia , Otite/veterinária , Rhabditoidea , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Vestibulares/veterináriaRESUMO
Rhabditis spp., is a nematode known to cause otitis externa, an infection difficult to control, in cattle reared within tropical regions. The objective of this study was to assess the combined use of ivermectin 1%, dimethyl sulfoxide 1% and mineral oil 100% containing nematophagous fungi of both Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) species to control in vitro Rhabditis spp. Thus, 12 experimental groups were designed with eight replicates each: G1 (nematodesâ¯+â¯AC001); G2 (nematodesâ¯+â¯NF34); G3 (nematodesâ¯+â¯ivermectin 1%/positive control); G4 (nematodesâ¯+â¯dimethyl sulfoxide 1%/positive control); G5 (nematodesâ¯+â¯mineral oil 100%/positive control); G6 (nematodesâ¯+â¯AC001 + ivermectin 1%); G7 (nematodesâ¯+â¯NF34 + ivermectin 1%); G8 (nematodesâ¯+â¯AC001 + mineral oil 100%); G9 (nematodesâ¯+â¯NF34 + mineral oil 100%); G10 (nematodesâ¯+â¯AC001 + dimethyl sulfoxide 1%); G11 (nematodeâ¯+â¯NF34 + dimethyl sulfoxide 1%); G12 (nematodeâ¯+â¯distilled water/negative control). The results demonstrated that all experimentally treated groups differed statistically (pâ¯<â¯0.01) from the control group. In the present study, the use of dimethyl sulfoxide 1% and mineral oil 100% in conjunction with conidia fungi portrayed noteworthy outcomes, which represents a future premise for the combined use of nematophagous fungi within these vehicles in both controlling Rhabditis spp.
Assuntos
Antiparasitários/farmacologia , Dimetil Sulfóxido/farmacologia , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Óleo Mineral/farmacologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Indústria de Laticínios , Dimetil Sulfóxido/uso terapêutico , Duddingtonia/fisiologia , Feminino , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Óleo Mineral/uso terapêutico , Fungos Mitospóricos/fisiologia , Otite Externa/tratamento farmacológico , Otite Externa/parasitologia , Otite Externa/prevenção & controle , Otite Externa/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabditida/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Rhabditida/microbiologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/prevenção & controle , Rhabditoidea/microbiologiaRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to describe occurrences of Rhabditis spp. causing parasitic otitis in dairy cattle of Gir breed in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, and to evaluate the biological control of this nematode using the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34). After nematode detection and collection, three groups were formed: two groups that were treated, respectively, with the fungal isolates; and a control group, without fungus. The treatments were as follows: (a) Petri dishes containing the culture medium 2% water agar (WA) + 250 nematodes + AC001; (b) Petri dishes containing 2% WA + 250 nematodes + NF34; and (c) Petri dishes containing only 2% WA + 250 nematodes. After seven days at 27 °C the treatments with fungi were able to capture and destroy the nematodes, with percentages of 82.0% (AC001) and 39.0% (NF34) in relation to the control group. The results demonstrate the occurrence of Rhabditis spp. after animals physical examination and that there was efficacy of the in vitro predatory activity of both fungal isolates. Thus, these results are important because they can assist in future in vivo control of this nematode in cattle.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Otite/veterinária , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea/microbiologia , Animais , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Bovinos , Duddingtonia/fisiologia , Otite/parasitologia , Otite/terapia , Infecções por Rhabditida/terapiaRESUMO
Abstract The objectives of this study were to describe occurrences of Rhabditis spp. causing parasitic otitis in dairy cattle of Gir breed in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, and to evaluate the biological control of this nematode using the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34). After nematode detection and collection, three groups were formed: two groups that were treated, respectively, with the fungal isolates; and a control group, without fungus. The treatments were as follows: (a) Petri dishes containing the culture medium 2% water agar (WA) + 250 nematodes + AC001; (b) Petri dishes containing 2% WA + 250 nematodes + NF34; and (c) Petri dishes containing only 2% WA + 250 nematodes. After seven days at 27 °C the treatments with fungi were able to capture and destroy the nematodes, with percentages of 82.0% (AC001) and 39.0% (NF34) in relation to the control group. The results demonstrate the occurrence of Rhabditis spp. after animals physical examination and that there was efficacy of the in vitro predatory activity of both fungal isolates. Thus, these results are important because they can assist in future in vivo control of this nematode in cattle.
Resumo Os objetivos neste estudo foram descrever ocorrências do nematódeo Rhabditis spp., causando otite parasitária em bovinos leiteiros da raça Gir no estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil, e avaliar o controle biológico desse nematódeo utilizando os fungos nematófagos Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) e Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34). Após a detecção e coleta dos nematódeos, três grupos foram formados: dois grupos que foram tratados com os isolados fúngicos, respectivamente; e um grupo controle, sem fungos. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: (a) placas de Petri contendo o meio de cultura 2% ágar de água (WA) + 250 nematoides + AC001; (b) placas de Petri contendo 2% de WA + 250 nematoides + NF34; e (c) placas de contendo apenas 2% de nematódeos WA + 250. Após sete dias a 27 °C os tratamentos com fungos foram capazes de capturar e destruir os nematódeos, com porcentagens de 82,0% (AC001) e 39,0% (NF34) em relação ao grupo controle. Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência de Rhabditis spp., no Estado do Espírito Santo e a eficácia da atividade predatória in vitro dos isolados fúngicos utilizados. Assim, esses resultados são importantes, pois podem auxiliar no controle alternativo in vivo de Rhabditis spp. em bovinos com otite parasitária.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Otite/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Rhabditoidea/microbiologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Otite/parasitologia , Otite/terapia , Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/terapia , Duddingtonia/fisiologiaRESUMO
A new species of the genus Serpentirhabdias Tkach, Kuzmin et Snyder, 2014, S. moi n. sp., is described from a colubroid snake Chironius exoletus from Caxiuanã National Forest, State of Pará, Brazil. The species is characterised by having a triangular oral opening, absence of the buccal capsule, presence of six minute onchia in the oesophastome, and excretory glands of approximately the same length as the oesophagus. These qualitative morphological characters, as well as some measurements, differentiate the new species from other Neotropical and Nearctic Serpentirhabdias spp. The morphological description of parasitic adults of S. moi n. sp. is complemented by the description of free-living stages including males, females, and infective larvae. Comparative analysis of partial sequences of cox1 and 12S mitochondrial genes strongly supported the status of S. moi n. sp. as a new species. Molecular phylogeny based on sequences of the nuclear DNA region spanning the 3' end of the 18S nuclear rRNA gene, ITS region (ITS1â¯+â¯5.8Sâ¯+â¯ITS2) and 5' end of the 28S gene supported monophyly of all rhabdiasid genera included in the analysis and placed the new species into the Serpentirhabdias clade as sister taxon to S. fuscovenosa.
Assuntos
Colubridae , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Rhabdiasoidea/fisiologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/análise , Feminino , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Características de História de Vida , Masculino , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/análise , RNA Ribossômico 28S/análise , Rhabdiasoidea/genética , Rhabdiasoidea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Rhabditida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and the harmful effect of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) on beef cattle in the piedmont forest and grassland region of northwestern Argentina, between March 2015 and March 2016. Sixty weaned female calves were divided into three groups: STG-calves treated systematically with 200 mcg/kg moxidectin every 40-50 days; LTG-calves treated as usually locally implemented, with 200 mcg/kg ivermectin on May 4 and August 5; and UTG-calves not receiving treatment. Moreover, a group of 20 untreated first-calving cows was monitored. Eggs per gram of faeces (epg) and faeces cultures were performed. Live weight gain (LWG) was recorded. Differences among groups were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey test. At the start of the experiment, mean epg was from moderate to high (595 ± 480); therefore, this group was treated in May. Mean UTG epg peaked (907 ± 754) in mid-winter, decreasing toward spring. LTG epg only decreased partially after treatment, showing 54.2% of ivermectin efficacy. Epg values of STG were always negligible values (95.8% of moxidectin efficacy). The dominant nematode genus was Cooperia (81.9%), followed by Haemonchus (15.5%). The effect of treatments was evident from middle autumn, with STG showing a significantly (p < 0.002) higher LWG than the other groups. Toward the end of the trial, LWG of STG and LTG increased by 27.2 and 8.2%, respectively, to those of UTG. This preliminary study showed a winter epg peak and a negative effect of GINs on LWG, even in moderately infected calves.
Assuntos
Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Macrolídeos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Animais , Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Fezes , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Haemonchus/isolamento & purificação , Ivermectina/farmacologia , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Nematoides , Óvulo , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/estatística & dados numéricos , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabditida/prevenção & controle , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A new species of the genus Diomedenema, a spiruromorph nematode, collected from the lung of Spheniscus magellanicus (Sphenisciformes) found on the southern coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described. The new species is differentiated from the only previously described species of the genus, D. diomedeae Johston & Mawson, 1952, by males possessing a set of caudal papillae with three pairs of precloacal, two pairs of adcloacal and one pair of postcloacal papillae; precloacal papillae with the papillae of the first two pairs being closer to each other than those of the third pair; a longer and pointed tail in males; and females with the vulva at mid-body. This is the first report of a nematode infecting the lung of a sphenisciforme host.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rabditídios/isolamento & purificação , Spheniscidae/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Rabditídios/classificação , Rabditídios/genética , Rabditídios/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologiaRESUMO
Serpentirhabdias viperidicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) is described from the lungs of the 'Brazilian lancehead' Bothrops moojeni (Hoge, 1966) from the savannah in São Paulo State, Brazil. The new species is the eighth species of Serpentirhabdias described in the Neotropical region, and differs from other species mainly by a combination of characters: lips slightly notable, presence of fine striations at posterior ends, presence of two parallel lines with intercalated pores, a pore-shaped phasmid situated at the level of the anal aperture and another two in the posterior half of the tail. It is the first species of Serpentirhabdias reported in this snake host and the second species of this genus found parasitizing South American viperidian snakes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal (ITS and 28S partial) genes confirms Serpentirhabdias viperidicus n. sp. as a new species that clustered in the Serpentirhabdias clade, sister taxon to Serpentirhabdias fuscovenosa and Serpentirhabdias elaphe. This is the first description of Serpentirhabdias species from Brazil using molecular approaches and morphological characters to confirm the monophyly of this recent genus.
Assuntos
Bothrops/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea/classificação , Rhabditoidea/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Pulmão/parasitologia , Microscopia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Rhabditoidea/anatomia & histologia , Rhabditoidea/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Amphibian and reptile lungs are frequently infected with Rhabdias parasites, and this condition ultimately leads to reduced survival, performance, and growth because of granulomatous inflammation, nodule formation, and nematodal pneumonia onset. Here we investigate the histopathological features of naturally infected Rhinella marina by the lung nematode Rhabdias paraensis. A total of 10 host animals were captured in peridomiciliar areas in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, and anatomic-histological analyses were performed on both the infected and non-infected lungs of these amphibians. Helminths were usually found within the secondary and primary septa of infected lungs whereas parasites were not detected within vessels or adhering to tissues. In addition, we observed discrete erythrocytes, diapedesis foci, few granulocytes and erythrocytes in the interseptal spaces, discrete cell infiltration, and a small number of melanomacrophages, and no granulomas or cysts were observed. New aspects related to changes in tissue and helminth-host interactions are discussed for the relationship of R. paraensis × Rhi. marina from the Amazon region.
Assuntos
Bufo marinus/parasitologia , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea , Animais , Brasil , Bufo marinus/anatomia & histologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Pulmão/anatomia & histologia , Pulmão/parasitologia , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/patologia , Rhabditoidea/isolamento & purificação , Traqueia/anatomia & histologia , Traqueia/parasitologia , Traqueia/patologiaAssuntos
Animais , Anuros/parasitologia , Bufo marinus/parasitologia , Ecossistema , Infecções por Rhabditida/transmissão , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Austrália/epidemiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Espécies Introduzidas , Fotoperíodo , Infecções por Rhabditida/epidemiologia , Rhabditoidea/patogenicidade , Rhabditoidea/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , TelemetriaRESUMO
The present study details the pathological and parasitological findings of parasitic ventriculitis and nematode infections in the large intestines of two female Rhea americana americana birds. The birds were housed in captivity, and both exhibited poor body condition and lethargy. The rheas were sent to the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and, despite medical care, the clinical condition of the birds did not improve. The birds died two days after admission, and were submitted to necropsy. Gross, histopathology and parasitological analysis resulted in the identification of Sicarius uncinipenis, which is associated with parasitic ventriculitis, while Deletrocephalus cesarpintoi was identified in the large intestine of both rheas. The apparent clinical indications, including loss of appetite and death, combined with the discovery of numerous parasites and other pathology changes, supported the conclusion that the death of the birds was caused by the parasitic infection. Further investigations of these infections in free-living and captive rheas are required, such that accurate data on the incidence and pathogenicity of these parasites can be obtained.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Reiformes/parasitologia , Gastropatias/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Gastropatias/parasitologiaRESUMO
The present study details the pathological and parasitological findings of parasitic ventriculitis and nematode infections in the large intestines of two female Rhea americana americana birds. The birds were housed in captivity, and both exhibited poor body condition and lethargy. The rheas were sent to the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and, despite medical care, the clinical condition of the birds did not improve. The birds died two days after admission, and were submitted to necropsy. Gross, histopathology and parasitological analysis resulted in the identification of Sicarius uncinipenis, which is associated with parasitic ventriculitis, while Deletrocephalus cesarpintoi was identified in the large intestine of both rheas. The apparent clinical indications, including loss of appetite and death, combined with the discovery of numerous parasites and other pathology changes, supported the conclusion that the death of the birds was caused by the parasitic infection. Further investigations of these infections in free-living and captive rheas are required, such that accurate data on the incidence and pathogenicity of these parasites can be obtained.
O presente estudo relata os achados patológicos e parasitológicos de ventriculite parasitária e da infecção por nematódeo no intestino grosso em duas fêmeas Rhea americana americana. As aves eram mantidas em cativeiro e ambas apresentaram condição corporal ruim e inapetência. As emas foram encaminhadas para o Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG e, apesar dos cuidados médicos, não houve melhora na condição clínica. As aves morreram dois dias após a internação e foram encaminhadas para a necropsia. Ao exame macroscópico, histopatológico e parasitológico, Sicarius uncinipenis foi identificado e associado com ventriculite parasitária, enquanto Deletrocephalus cesarpintoi foi identificado no intestino grosso. Possivelmente, o quadro de inapetência e morte foi causado pela infecção parasitária, pois os parasitos eram numerosos. Mais investigações dessa infecção são necessárias em emas de vida livre e cativeiro, para a obtenção de informações mais precisas da incidência e patogenicidade desses parasitos.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Reiformes/parasitologia , Gastropatias/veterinária , Brasil , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Gastropatias/parasitologiaRESUMO
The present study details the pathological and parasitological findings of parasitic ventriculitis and nematode infections in the large intestines of two female Rhea americana americana birds. The birds were housed in captivity, and both exhibited poor body condition and lethargy. The rheas were sent to the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) and, despite medical care, the clinical condition of the birds did not improve. The birds died two days after admission, and were submitted to necropsy. Gross, histopathology and parasitological analysis resulted in the identification of Sicarius uncinipenis, which is associated with parasitic ventriculitis, while Deletrocephalus cesarpintoi was identified in the large intestine of both rheas. The apparent clinical indications, including loss of appetite and death, combined with the discovery of numerous parasites and other pathology changes, supported the conclusion that the death of the birds was caused by the parasitic infection. Further investigations of these infections in free-living and captive rheas are required, such that accurate data on the incidence and pathogenicity of these parasites can be obtained.
O presente estudo relata os achados patológicos e parasitológicos de ventriculite parasitária e da infecção por nematódeo no intestino grosso em duas fêmeas Rhea americana americana. As aves eram mantidas em cativeiro e ambas apresentaram condição corporal ruim e inapetência. As emas foram encaminhadas para o Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária da UFMG e, apesar dos cuidados médicos, não houve melhora na condição clínica. As aves morreram dois dias após a internação e foram encaminhadas para a necropsia. Ao exame macroscópico, histopatológico e parasitológico, Sicarius uncinipenis foi identificado e associado com ventriculite parasitária, enquanto Deletrocephalus cesarpintoi foi identificado no intestino grosso. Possivelmente, o quadro de inapetência e morte foi causado pela infecção parasitária, pois os parasitos eram numerosos. Mais investigações dessa infecção são necessárias em emas de vida livre e cativeiro, para a obtenção de informações mais precisas da incidência e patogenicidade desses parasitos.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Reiformes/parasitologia , Gastropatias/veterinária , Brasil , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Gastropatias/parasitologiaRESUMO
The helminth parasite fauna of the hylid frog Pseudacris hypochondriaca in several localities along the Baja California Peninsula in northwestern Mexico is presented. The helminth fauna consists of 4 species of nematodes (Oswaldocruzia pipiens, a larval form of an Ascaridid, 2 new species belonging to the genera Rhabdias and Cosmocercoides), and 1 species of digenean ( Gorgoderina sp.). The new species of Rhabdias represents the 88th species assigned to the genus and the third species described from Mexican anurans. Also, the species of Cosmocercoides represents the 20th species assigned to the genus and the first representative of this genus described from Mexico.
Assuntos
Anuros/parasitologia , Infecções por Ascaridida/veterinária , Ascaridídios/classificação , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea/classificação , Animais , Ascaridídios/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Ascaridida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Ascaridida/parasitologia , Feminino , Intestinos/parasitologia , Pulmão/parasitologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Infecções por Rhabditida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rhabditida/parasitologia , Rhabditoidea/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
We evaluated the dynamics of ear infestations caused by Rhabditis spp. and Raillietia spp., which were correlated with animal age, intensity of clinical signs and climate factors. Sixty-four Gir cattle were distributed into three groups: GA - 23 calves with 4 to 6 months of age; GB - 18 calves with 7 to 12 months of age; and GC - 23 heifers with 13 to 33 months of age. Five samplings, defined as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 were performed every three months from August 2008 to August 2009. The ear secretion was collected using the auricular washing method for the right ear and a swab for the left ear. A clinical assessment of the animals was performed, and they were classified according to the presence and severity of otitis. The highest relative frequency of rhabditosis was 52.2% in GC at the last sampling. In the first sampling, 42.2% of the animals were infested by Raillietia spp. The older cattle were more susceptible to infestations by both parasites. No correlation of Rhabditis spp. and Raillietia spp. parasitism with climate factors was found. The results showed that both parasites could infest Gir cattle, and in most cases, there was no co-infestation. Only older animals parasitized by the nematode showed clinical signs of the disease.
Avaliou-se a dinâmica da infestação auricular causada por Rhabditis spp. e por Raillietia spp., relacionando-a com a idade dos animais, com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos e com os fatores climáticos. Utilizaram-se 64 bovinos Gir, distribuídos em três grupos: GA - 23 bezerros de quatro a seis meses de idade, GB - 18 bezerros de sete a 12 meses e GC - 23 novilhas de 13 a 33 meses. Foram feitas cinco coletas a cada três meses. A secreção auricular foi coletada utilizando o método de lavagem auricular na orelha direita e um swab na orelha esquerda. Fez-se avaliação clínica dos animais classificando-os de acordo com a presença e gravidade da otite. A maior frequência relativa da rhabditiose encontrada foi de 52,2%, no GC na ultima coleta. Na primeira coleta, 42,2% dos animais estavam infestados pela Raillietia spp. Os bovinos mais velhos foram mais suscetíveis às infestações de ambos os parasitos. Não foi encontrada correlação entre o parasitismo por Rhabditis spp. e por Raillietia spp. e os fatores climáticos. Concluiu-se que ambos os parasitas podem infestar bovinos da raça Gir e na maioria dos casos, não ocorreram infestações simultâneas. Apenas os animais mais velhos, parasitados pelo nematóide, apresentaram sinais clínicos da doença.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Rhabditoidea/isolamento & purificação , Labirintite/veterinária , Otite Média/veterináriaRESUMO
We evaluated the dynamics of ear infestations caused by Rhabditis spp. and Raillietia spp., which were correlated with animal age, intensity of clinical signs and climate factors. Sixty-four Gir cattle were distributed into three groups: GA - 23 calves with 4 to 6 months of age; GB - 18 calves with 7 to 12 months of age; and GC - 23 heifers with 13 to 33 months of age. Five samplings, defined as S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 were performed every three months from August 2008 to August 2009. The ear secretion was collected using the auricular washing method for the right ear and a swab for the left ear. A clinical assessment of the animals was performed, and they were classified according to the presence and severity of otitis. The highest relative frequency of rhabditosis was 52.2% in GC at the last sampling. In the first sampling, 42.2% of the animals were infested by Raillietia spp. The older cattle were more susceptible to infestations by both parasites. No correlation of Rhabditis spp. and Raillietia spp. parasitism with climate factors was found. The results showed that both parasites could infest Gir cattle, and in most cases, there was no co-infestation. Only older animals parasitized by the nematode showed clinical signs of the disease.(AU)
Avaliou-se a dinâmica da infestação auricular causada por Rhabditis spp. e por Raillietia spp., relacionando-a com a idade dos animais, com a intensidade dos sinais clínicos e com os fatores climáticos. Utilizaram-se 64 bovinos Gir, distribuídos em três grupos: GA - 23 bezerros de quatro a seis meses de idade, GB - 18 bezerros de sete a 12 meses e GC - 23 novilhas de 13 a 33 meses. Foram feitas cinco coletas a cada três meses. A secreção auricular foi coletada utilizando o método de lavagem auricular na orelha direita e um swab na orelha esquerda. Fez-se avaliação clínica dos animais classificando-os de acordo com a presença e gravidade da otite. A maior frequência relativa da rhabditiose encontrada foi de 52,2%, no GC na ultima coleta. Na primeira coleta, 42,2% dos animais estavam infestados pela Raillietia spp. Os bovinos mais velhos foram mais suscetíveis às infestações de ambos os parasitos. Não foi encontrada correlação entre o parasitismo por Rhabditis spp. e por Raillietia spp. e os fatores climáticos. Concluiu-se que ambos os parasitas podem infestar bovinos da raça Gir e na maioria dos casos, não ocorreram infestações simultâneas. Apenas os animais mais velhos, parasitados pelo nematóide, apresentaram sinais clínicos da doença.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Rhabditoidea/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Otite Média/veterinária , Labirintite/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the in vivo effectiveness of pumpkin seed (Curcubita pepo Linnaeus, 1753) in naturally infected ostriches in the Cariri zone, semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Forty-eight ostriches were used, African Black breed, of 14 to 36 months old, naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. These animals were divided into four groups of 12 ostriches. Group 1 consists of animals treated with 0.5 g/kg live weight (l. w.) of pumpkin seed meal; group 2 received 1 g/kg l. w. of pumpkin seed meal; group 3 was treated with Albendazole 5 %, at the dosage of 1 mL/10 kg l. w.; and Group 4 was the control group and do not received treatment. Groups 1 and 2 received the treatment for three consecutive days, orally, at intervals of 7 days, totaling nine administrations. The Albendazole 5 % was administered one time, at the beginning of the experiment, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The groups treated with pumpkin seed showed a significant decrease in egg counts per gram of feces (EPG), wherein group 2 (1 g/kg l. w.) was the most effective. The control and drug groups showed no reduction in EPG. The results of the present study demonstrate that the administration of pumpkin seed was effective in controlling gastrointestinal helminths in naturally infected ostriches.