RESUMO
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired immunity against intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, attenuated Mycobacterium bovis-Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strains, and environmental mycobacteria in otherwise healthy individuals. Retrospective study reviewed the clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics of patients with MSMD in Mexico. Overall, 22 patients diagnosed with MSMD from 2006 to 2021 were enrolled: 14 males (64%) and eight females. After BCG vaccination, 12 patients (70%) developed BCG infection. Furthermore, 6 (22%) patients developed bacterial infections mainly caused by Salmonella, as what is described next in the text is fungal infections, particularly Histoplasma. Seven patients died of disseminated BCG disease. Thirteen different pathogenic variants were identified in IL12RB1 (n = 13), IFNGR1 (n = 3), and IFNGR2 (n = 1) genes. Interleukin-12Rß1 deficiency is the leading cause of MSMD in our cohort. Morbidity and mortality were primarily due to BCG infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium , Mycobacterium bovis , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vacina BCG , Predisposição Genética para Doença , México/epidemiologia , Receptores de Interleucina-12/genética , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/genéticaRESUMO
The freshwater ornamental fish trade represents a major contributor to the livelihoods of many producers in Trinidad and Tobago, with stocks destined for local, regional and international markets. A review of clinical cases presented to the Aquatic Animal Health Unit at the University of the West Indies, School of Veterinary Medicine for the period September 2010 to December 2012 suggested that piscine mycobacteriosis may be widespread throughout the local ornamental fish industry. Thus, to determine the prevalence of mycobacteriosis in ornamental fish sold in pet stores, a total of 122 specimens were sourced from 24 retail suppliers across Trinidad. Fish were killed and internal organs were examined for lesions suggestive of granulomas. All wet-mount slides were acid-fast stained, regardless of the presence or absence of observed granuloma-like lesions. Histological analysis was performed on one randomly selected whole specimen from each facility. Mycobacterium sp. was identified using real-time PCR detecting the 16S rRNA gene in tissue samples. Associations between parasitism, facility biosecurity and presence of positive animals were determined. The prevalence of Mycobacterium sp. infection was 61 ± 7% (74/122), with positive specimens being acquired from 54.2% (13/24) of facilities examined. Further, 100% of facilities did not employ optimum biosecurity measures.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes , Infecções por Mycobacterium , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Background Mycobacterial infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. Involvement of the anal canal and perineum is very rare, but constitute an important differential diagnosis with other equally serious pathologies that may affect the region, such as malignant neoplasms and Crohn's disease. Objectives To conduct a literature review on mycobacterial infections of the perianal region considering the most recent information for diagnostic and therapeutic guidance of this disease. Methods Research was performed on the PUBMED and LILACS databases with the expressions Mycobacterium, Anal, Infection and Tuberculosis. We reviewed articles referring to series of treated cases, clinical reports and literature review published since 2005. Results Information was compiled on the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections; the clinical behavior of affected individuals; diagnostic options and their validity in clinical practice; and, finally, therapeutic options. Conclusions Mycobacterial infections of the anus and perineum are rare. The most common clinical presentations are the presence of ulceration and fistulization. The diagnosis involves more than one procedure for identifying the bacilli and should consider the presence of manifestations in more than one organ. The treatment is based on pharmacological intervention. Surgery is recommended for acute complications or chronic sequelae of the disease.
Resumo Introdução Infecções micobacterianas constituem um grave problema de saúde pública a nível mundial. As manifestações anoperineais são raras, mas constituem um importante diagnóstico diferencial com outras patologias igualmente graves que podem acometer a região, como as neoplasias malignas e a doença de Crohn. Objetivos Realizar um levantamento da literatura sobre infecções micobacterianas da região anoperineal, considerando as informações mais atuais para orientação diagnóstica e terapêutica dessa enfermidade. Métodos Foi realizada pesquisa nos bancos de dados PUBMED e LILACS com as expressões Mycobacterium, Anal, Infection e Tuberculosis. Foram revisados artigos referentes a séries de casos tratados, relatos clínicos e revisão da literatura publicada a partir de 2005. Resultados Foram compiladas informações sobre a epidemiologia das infecções micobacterianas; o comportamento clínico dos indivíduos afetados; opções diagnósticas e sua validade na prática clínica; e, por fim, opções terapêuticas. Conclusões Infecções micobacterianas da região anoperineal são raras. As apresentações clínicas mais comuns são a formação de ulceras e a fistulização. O diagnóstico envolve mais de um procedimento para identificação dos bacilos, e deve considerar a presença de manifestações em mais de um órgão. O tratamento é principalmente medicamentoso, sendo a cirurgia recomendada nas complicações agudas ou sequelas crônicas da doença.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças do Ânus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Canal Anal/microbiologia , Doenças do Ânus/terapia , Doenças do Ânus/epidemiologia , Períneo/microbiologia , Úlcera Cutânea/microbiologia , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/terapia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Fissura Anal/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/terapia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by an inability of phagocytes to produce reactive oxygen species, impairing their killing of various bacteria and fungi. We summarize here the 93 cases of CGD diagnosed in Mexico from 2011 to 2019. METHODS: Thirteen Mexican hospitals participated in this study. We describe the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of the 93 CGD patients from 78 unrelated kindreds. RESULTS: Eighty-two of the patients (88%) were male. All patients developed bacterial infections and 30% suffered from some kind of fungal infection. Fifty-four BCG-vaccinated patients (58%) presented infectious complications of BCG vaccine. Tuberculosis occurred in 29%. Granulomas were found in 56% of the patients. Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases were present in 15% of patients. A biological diagnosis of CGD was made in 89/93 patients, on the basis of NBT assay (n = 6), DHR (n = 27), and NBT plus DHR (n = 56). The deficiency was complete in all patients. The median age of biological diagnosis was 17 months (range, 0-186 months). A genetic diagnosis was made in 83/93 patients (when material was available), corresponding to CYBB (n = 64), NCF1 (n = 7), NCF2 (n = 7), and CYBA (n = 5) mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations in these Mexican CGD patients were similar to those in patients elsewhere. This cohort is the largest in Latin America. Mycobacterial infections are an important cause of morbidity in Mexico, as in other countries in which tuberculosis is endemic and infants are vaccinated with BCG. X-linked CGD accounted for most of the cases in Mexico, as in other Latin American countries. However, a significant number of CYBA and NCF2 mutations were identified, expanding the spectrum of known causal mutations.
Assuntos
Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/imunologia , Mutação/genética , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/fisiologia , NADPH Oxidase 2/genética , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Adolescente , Autoimunidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Genes Ligados ao Cromossomo X , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Inflamação , Masculino , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Various infectious diseases can hyper-stimulate the immune system, causing hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Little is known regarding the accuracy of diagnostic criteria and epidemiological triggering factors in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) setting. We investigated the major infectious disease triggers of HPS in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS and determined the accuracy of bone marrow aspiration (BMA). The inclusion criteria were (i) confirmed HIV diagnosis, (ii) bone marrow aspiration, and (iii) a minimum of four HPS criteria. Patients were further classified into those with four presumed HPS criteria, or ≥ 5 confirmed criteria. The disease triggers, accuracy of bone marrow aspiration, and prognosis markers were examined. Presumed HPS was observed in 15/36 patients (41%), and confirmed HPS in 58% (n = 21). The major etiological triggers were infection with Mycobacterium (34%), Cytomegalovirus (14%), Cryptococcus neoformans (11%), and hematological or tumoral disease (11%). BMA demonstrated 93% specificity on screening diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 12.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-115.1, P = 0.01). Ferritin > 5000 ng/mL correlated with probability of death in univariate analysis (OR 6.00, 95% CI 1.33-27.05, P = 0.02). Ferritin performance as test of death probability presented area under the curve as 0.74 (95% CI 0.56-0.91, P = 0.016). However, neither cluster of differentiation for lymphocyte count nor HIV viral load correlated with patient deaths. Mycobacterium spp. and Cytomegalovirus were the main factors triggering HPS, followed by Cryptococcus neoformans, and hematological and tumoral diseases. High ferritin levels were associated with increased death probability. High specificity was noted with BMA.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/microbiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Adulto , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Medula Óssea/microbiologia , Medula Óssea/patologia , Medula Óssea/virologia , Criptococose/epidemiologia , Criptococose/microbiologia , Criptococose/patologia , Criptococose/virologia , Cryptococcus neoformans , Citomegalovirus , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/microbiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/patologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Feminino , HIV-1 , Humanos , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/epidemiologia , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/microbiologia , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/patologia , Linfo-Histiocitose Hemofagocítica/virologia , Masculino , Mycobacterium , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/patologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/virologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
We conducted a study of the two main populations of free-living Scarlet Macaws ( Ara macao) in Costa Rica to detect the causal agents of avian tuberculosis using noninvasive techniques. We analyzed 83 fecal samples collected between February and May 2016 from the central and southern Pacific areas in the country. Using PCR, we first amplified the 16S region of the ribosomal RNA, common to all Mycobacterium species. Then, products from the insertion sequence IS901 and from a 155-base pair DNA fragment evidenced the presence of the avian pathogenic Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strain and a Mycobacterium genavense strain, respectively. Seven of 38 (18%) samples collected in the central Pacific area were positive for Mycobacterium spp. and 3 of 38 (8%) were positive for M. genavense, with one sample amplifying regions for both. Two of the 45 (4%) samples collected in the south Pacific area of Costa Rica were positive to M. a. avium. Our detection of avian tuberculosis pathogens in free-living Scarlet Macaws suggests that free-living macaws could excrete in their feces M. genavense, bird-pathogenic M. a. avium, and possibly other Mycobacteria (not detected in our study).
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , PapagaiosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated an outbreak of Bartonellosis in a coastal region in Peru. RESULTS: A total of 70 (n = 70) samples with clinical criteria for the acute phase of Bartonellosis and a positive peripheral blood smear were included. 22.85% (n = 16) cases of the samples were positive for Bartonella bacilliformis by PCR and automatic sequencing. Of those positive samples, 62.5% (n = 10) cases were positive only for B. bacilliformis and 37.5% (n = 6) cases were positive to both Mycobacterium spp. and B. bacilliformis. The symptom frequencies were similar in patients diagnosed with Carrion's disease and those co-infected with Mycobacterium spp. The most common symptoms were headaches, followed by malaise and arthralgia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/fisiopatologia , Bartonella bacilliformis/isolamento & purificação , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/fisiopatologia , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Coinfecção , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Mycobacterioses can produce nonspecific clinical signs in dogs and cats that make diagnosis difficult. Furthermore, the full characterization of mycobacterial agents is not always possible or practical. We characterized mycobacteria detected through cytology in 12 dogs and 7 cats with generalized clinical signs from the province of Buenos Aires in Argentina. In dogs, molecular testing confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) in 8 cases and M. fortuitum in 1 case. All dogs were Miniature Schnauzers, suggesting that this breed may be more susceptible to M. avium than other dog breeds. The cat isolates were 2 M. bovis, 1 M. fortuitum, and 1 MAH. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat patterns suggested possible links with cattle, swine, and humans studied previously in Argentina. The results show that pets may act as susceptible hosts with the potential risk of transmitting the infection to humans and other animals.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , Mycobacterium/classificação , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Repetições Minissatélites , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologiaRESUMO
Las micobacterias constituyen un grupo de bacilos aeróbicos no capsulados y no móviles, algunos de los cuales son patógenos causantes de graves enfermedades en los mamíferos incluyendo tuberculosis y lepra. Chile, a pesar de pertenecer al grupo de países de baja prevalencia de tuberculosis en América, presentó un enlentecimiento en la curva de descenso de incidencia. Así mismo, se ha visto un aumento de micobacterias atípicas tanto en muestras pulmonares como extrapulmonares respecto a décadas anteriores. Por otra parte, las infecciones por micobacterias adquieren importancia en otorrinolaringología dado que la tuberculosis de cabeza y cuello representa alrededor del 10% a 35% de los casos de tuberculosis, siendo su localización más frecuente los ganglios linfáticos. La siguiente revisión abarcará los cuadros de infecciones por micobacterias en otorrinolaringología, sus manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
Mycobacteriums are a group of aerobic non-capsuled and non-mobile bacillus some of which can cause diseases in mammals such as tuberculosis and leprosy. Chile, despite belonging to the group of countries with low prevalence of tuberculosis in America, presented a slowing in the decline in incidence curve. At the same time there has been an increase in atypical mycobacterium in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples, comparedto past decades. On the other hand infections by mycobacterium become important because the head and neck tuberculosis accounts for about 10%-35% of cases of tuberculosis, the most common site being the lymph nodes. The following review will cover mycobacterial infections in otolaryngology clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Otorrinolaringopatias/microbiologia , Otorrinolaringopatias/epidemiologia , Otorrinolaringopatias/terapia , Mycobacterium/classificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/terapia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Técnicas Cosméticas/efeitos adversos , Turismo Médico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/classificação , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , República Dominicana , Equador , Feminino , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/etiologia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Reoperação , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/epidemiologia , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/microbiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , Suíça/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
In August 2013, the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (MDHMH) was notified of two persons with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial (RG-NTM) surgical-site infections. Both patients had undergone surgical procedures as medical tourists at the same private surgical clinic (clinic A) in the Dominican Republic the previous month. Within 7 days of returning to the United States, both sought care for symptoms that included surgical wound abscesses, clear fluid drainage, pain, and fever. Initial antibiotic therapy was ineffective. Material collected from both patients' wounds grew Mycobacterium abscessus exhibiting a high degree of antibiotic resistance characteristic of this organism.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Turismo Médico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/classificação , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , República Dominicana , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Three recently sequenced strains isolated from patients during an outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense infections at a cystic fibrosis center in the United States were compared with 6 strains from an outbreak at a cystic fibrosis center in the United Kingdom and worldwide strains. Strains from the 2 cystic fibrosis outbreaks showed high-level relatedness with each other and major-level relatedness with strains that caused soft tissue infections during an epidemic in Brazil. We identified unique single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cystic fibrosis and soft tissue outbreak strains, separate single-nucleotide polymorphisms only in cystic fibrosis outbreak strains, and unique genomic traits for each subset of isolates. Our findings highlight the necessity of identifying M. abscessus to the subspecies level and screening all cystic fibrosis isolates for relatedness to these outbreak strains. We propose 2 diagnostic strategies that use partial sequencing of rpoB and secA1 genes and a multilocus sequence typing protocol.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Genoma Bacteriano , Humanos , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/genética , Infecções por Mycobacterium/complicações , Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Reino Unido , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Thirty Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., with low corporal condition relative to other fish present in the culture system, were sampled from a freshwater recirculation pisciculture located in Chile. The most characteristic signs and lesions were cachexia and presence of multiple greyish-white granulomas within internal organs. The external and internal lesions, along with the microscopic, histologic and biochemical findings, were consistent with mycobacteriosis. The identification of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum as the causal agent of the lesions was possible through the use of molecular analyses. This study represents the first report of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum in a freshwater recirculation system and the first case of fish mycobacteriosis described in Chile.
Assuntos
Aquicultura , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Granuloma/veterinária , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Salmo salar , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Chile/epidemiologia , DNA Intergênico/genética , DNA Intergênico/metabolismo , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Água Doce , Granuloma/epidemiologia , Granuloma/microbiologia , Incidência , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mycobacterium/genética , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Filogenia , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
A single strain of Mycobacterium massiliense (BRA 100), a subspecies of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex, has been responsible for an epidemic of post-surgical infections in Brazil. Outside Brazil, this is the first report to describe a single emerging strain of M. massiliense (TPE 101) associated with extrapulmonary infections. This phenomenon may be underestimated because sophisticated molecular typing of M. abscessus is not routinely performed. Our molecular epidemiology study was triggered by an outbreak investigation. Nine case isolates were grown from the surgical sites of nine mostly paediatric patients receiving operations from 2010 to 2011. All available non-duplicated isolates of M. abscessus during this period were obtained for comparison. Mycobacteria were characterized by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), repetitive sequence PCR (rep-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Of 58 isolates of M. abscessus overall, 56 were clinical isolates. MLSA identified 36 of the isolates as M. massiliense. All case isolates were indistinguishable by PFGE and named the TPE 101 pulsotype. Of the stored strains of M. abscessus, TPE 101 strains were over-represented among the control surgical wound (7/7, 100%) and subcutaneous tissue isolates (4/5, 80%) but rare among the respiratory isolates (1/16, 6%) and absent from external skin, ocular and environmental samples. In conclusion, a unique strain of M. massiliense has emerged as a distinctive pathogen causing soft tissue infections in Taiwan. Further study to identify whether this is due to an occult common source or to specific virulence factors dictating tissue tropism is warranted.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem Molecular , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/classificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Taiwan/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A single strain of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii, characterised by a particular rpoB sequevar and two highly related pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns has been responsible for a nationwide outbreak of surgical infections in Brazil since 2004. In this study, we developed molecular tests based on polymerase chain reaction restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA) and sequencing for the rapid identification of this strain. Sequences of 15 DNA regions conserved in mycobacteria were retrieved from GenBank or sequenced and analysed in silico. Single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to the epidemic strain and located in enzyme recognition sites were detected in rpoB, the 3' region of the 16S rDNA and gyrB. The three tests that were developed, i.e., PRA-rpoB, PRA-16S and gyrB sequence analysis, showed 100%, 100% and 92.31% sensitivity and 93.06%, 90.28% and 100% specificity, respectively, for the discrimination of the surgical strain from other M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates, including 116 isolates from 95 patients, one environmental isolate and two type strains. The results of the three tests were stable, as shown by results obtained for different isolates from the same patient. In conclusion, due to the clinical and epidemiological importance of this strain, these tests could be implemented in reference laboratories for the rapid preliminary diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of this epidemic strain.
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium/genética , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Ribossômico/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A single strain of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii, characterised by a particular rpoB sequevar and two highly related pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns has been responsible for a nationwide outbreak of surgical infections in Brazil since 2004. In this study, we developed molecular tests based on polymerase chain reaction restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA) and sequencing for the rapid identification of this strain. Sequences of 15 DNA regions conserved in mycobacteria were retrieved from GenBank or sequenced and analysed in silico. Single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to the epidemic strain and located in enzyme recognition sites were detected in rpoB, the 3' region of the 16S rDNA and gyrB. The three tests that were developed, i.e., PRA-rpoB, PRA-16S and gyrB sequence analysis, showed 100%, 100% and 92.31% sensitivity and 93.06%, 90.28% and 100% specificity, respectively, for the discrimination of the surgical strain from other M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates, including 116 isolates from 95 patients, one environmental isolate and two type strains. The results of the three tests were stable, as shown by results obtained for different isolates from the same patient. In conclusion, due to the clinical and epidemiological importance of this strain, these tests could be implemented in reference laboratories for the rapid preliminary diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of this epidemic strain.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Mycobacterium/genética , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Ribossômico/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Several outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) were reported in many Brazilian states (2032 notified cases) from 2004 to 2010. Most of the confirmed cases were mainly associated with Mycobacterium massiliense (recently renamed as Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii) BRA100 clone, recovered from patients who had undergone invasive procedures in which medical instruments had not been properly sterilized and/or disinfected. Since quinolones have been an option for the treatment of general RGM infections and have been suggested for therapeutic schemes for these outbreaks, we evaluated the in vitro activities of all generations of quinolones for clinical and reference RGM by broth microdilution, and analysed the peptide sequences of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and GyrB after DNA sequencing followed by amino acid translation. Fifty-four isolates of M. abscessus subsp. bolletii, including clone BRA100, recovered in different states of Brazil, and 19 reference strains of RGM species were characterized. All 54 M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates were resistant to all generations of quinolones and showed the same amino acids in the QRDRs, including the Ala-83 in GyrA, and Arg-447 and Asp-464 in GyrB, described as being responsible for an intrinsic low level of resistance to quinolones in mycobacteria. However, other RGM species showed distinct susceptibilities to this class of antimicrobials and patterns of mutations contrary to what has been traditionally defined, suggesting that other mechanisms of resistance, different from gyrA or gyrB mutations, may also be involved in resistance to high levels of quinolones.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sequência de Bases , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Girase/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Fenótipo , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In many cases, bacterial pathogens are close relatives to nonpathogens. Pathogens seem to be limited lineages within nonpathogenic bacteria. Nonpathogenic isolates are generally more diverse and widespread in the environment and it is generally considered that environmental bacteria do not pose a risk to human health as clinical isolates do; this may not be the case with mycobacteria, but environmental mycobacteria have not been well studied. It is documented that several environmental mycobacteria constitute a source for human infections. Diverse mycobacterial environmental isolates are rarely involved in human disease. Environmental mycobacteria may have a role in degradation of different compounds. Environmental mycobacteria have had a long interaction with humans, maybe as long as the human species, and may have contributed to human evolution.
Assuntos
Microbiologia Ambiental , Mycobacteriaceae/fisiologia , Mycobacteriaceae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Plantas/microbiologia , Demografia , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Modelos Genéticos , Mycobacteriaceae/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Thirty-eight cases of canine leproid granuloma were diagnosed between 2000 and 2008. Diagnosis was based upon clinical and histopathological findings and the presence of acid-fast bacilli in skin sections. The clinical lesions were localized predominantly on the pinnae and included papules, plaques and nodules, with or without ulceration. Boxer dogs were the breed most affected. Histopathological findings included nodular to diffuse pyogranulomatous, lymphoplasmocytic inflammatory infiltrates, with or without necrosis, localized in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue. The bacillary loading and morphology were variable among the lesions analysed. There was no significant correlation between bacterial load and histopathological pattern, dominant type of inflammatory infiltration or the amount of necrosis or giant cells. No correlation was observed between giant cells and histopathological pattern. In the majority of cases where a PCR-based assay was done, a novel mycobacterium species as the main aetiological agent was identified, as reported in previous studies.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Granuloma/veterinária , Infecções por Mycobacterium/veterinária , Mycobacterium/genética , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/veterinária , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Brasil/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Granuloma/epidemiologia , Granuloma/microbiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/patologiaRESUMO
The Spondyloarthritis Research and Therapy Network (SPARTAN) is a network of health care professionals who are dedicated to research, awareness and treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and related forms of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Members meet yearly to promote research, education and treatment of SpA. The SPARTAN 2010 meeting was held on July 23 to 24 in Houston, Texas. Major presentations were given on structural bone changes in SpA, the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in early SpA, mycobacterial infections in this era of modern biologic therapies and findings from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for ankylosing spondylitis, SpA and inflammatory back pain. Additional country-specific presentations on the epidemiology of SpA were provided by representatives of North America, Central America, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. These topics were all developed into separate contributions contained in this in-issue supplement and summarized herein.