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2.
Rev Argent Microbiol ; 37(3): 139-41, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16323662

RESUMO

Neonatal conjunctivitis is one of the most important consultation reasons in the first days of life. Causes may be chemical or infectious. Neonatal conjunctivitis study for common microorganisms and Chlamydia trachomatis is being performed at Posadas Hospital since 1995, in a progressive form. The objective of this study was to know the epidemiological situation in the last five years (1999-2003), and to describe the variations detected between two periods, 1995-1998, and 1999-2003. It was observed no change about C. trachomatis prevalence (8%), during all the time in the population studied. With regard to common microorganisms it was showed a decrease in the second period (36.6%) with respect to the first (52.4%). Likely, the causes may be due to changes about sample collection conditions, or to epidemiological variations. The most frequent microorganisms found were: Staphylococcus aureus 69 (27.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae 68 (27.2%), and Haemophilus influenzae 64 (25.6%). We consider important to evaluate the kind of ocular secretions at the first consultation, which can lead to a symptomatic treatment that will be corroborated or not, according to microbiological results.


Assuntos
Conjuntivite/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Conjuntivite/induzido quimicamente , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/congênito , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Conjuntivite Bacteriana/transmissão , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/congênito , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Prevalência , Nitrato de Prata/efeitos adversos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/congênito , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/transmissão , Infecções Estreptocócicas/congênito , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/transmissão , Tracoma/congênito , Tracoma/epidemiologia , Tracoma/transmissão
3.
Avian Dis ; 49(4): 588-91, 2005 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16405005

RESUMO

This work evaluates the efficiency of the administration of the disinfectant N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (TIMSEN) in the prevention of the horizontal transmission of serovars A, B, and C of Avibacterium paragallinarum, the causative agent of avian infectious coryza. This disinfectant was administered in drinking water (50 ppm) and once or twice per day by coarse spray (800 ppm, 8 ml per m3 during 3 seconds). In three trials conducted with vaccinated birds, the disinfectant reduced the clinical signs of infectious coryza significantly (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect when the product was used in a fourth trial with unvaccinated birds. Furthermore, the application of only one daily environmental spraying was sufficient to significantly reduce clinical signs. According to these results, in order to diminish the clinical signs of infectious coryza in birds vaccinated against A. paragallinarum, it is recommended to administer this disinfectant in drinking water and by environmental spraying.


Assuntos
Galinhas/microbiologia , Desinfetantes/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Haemophilus/veterinária , Haemophilus paragallinarum , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Aerossóis , Animais , Compostos de Benzalcônio/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Haemophilus paragallinarum/classificação , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/transmissão , Sorotipagem , Abastecimento de Água
4.
In. Farhat, Calil Kairalla; Carvalho, Eduardo da Silva; Carvalho, Luiza Helena Falleiros Rodrigues; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes. Infectologia pediátrica. Säo Paulo, Atheneu, 2 ed; 1998. p.254-62, ilus, mapas, tab, graf.
Monografia em Português | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-260891
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 65(3): 158-60, mayo-jun. 1994.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-140491

RESUMO

La frecuencia con que se aisla haemophilus influenzae en infecciones maternas y neonatales, particularmente en partos prematuros, ha aumentado. Se describen tres casos clínicos de madres con antecedentes de rotura de membranas reciente y de hasta 24 horas, en cuyo líquido amniótico se aislaron cepas no capsuladas de haemophilus influenzae de serotipo no b, una de ellas biotipo II (las otras dos no fueron tipificadas). Los recién nacidos pesaron respectivamente 1.670, 950 y 1.680 g. En el primer caso, la madre y el recién nacido fueron tratados con antibióticos y no presentaron signos de infección sistémica. En el segundo caso la madre no recibió antibióticos al ingresar, a pesar de haberlo hecho con fiebre, sino hasta el puerperio inmediato; el niño fue afectado por septicemia a haemophilus influenzae, neumonía, dificultad respiratoria severa y hemorragia intracraneana, falleciendo a la edad de 12 dias. En el tercer caso, la madre recibió antibióticos sólo en el puerperio (por fiebre en el período expulsivo), pero el niño desde el nacimiento; en éste se aisló haemophilus influenzae del unto caseoso, sin signos de infección sistémica. El examen microbiológico del líquido amnióticop en mujeres embarazadas con rotura prematura de membranas puede ser de gran utilidad para manejar adecuadamente el riesgo de infecciones perinatales por estos agentes


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Ruptura Prematura de Membranas Fetais/microbiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis/complicações , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Líquido Amniótico/microbiologia , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/complicações
6.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 36(2): 105-9, 1994.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7997783

RESUMO

The recognition of the Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) in 1984 led to a number of studies which showed a relation between this disease and conjunctivitis caused by Haemophilus aegyptius. The increase in cases of conjunctivitis in children associated with higher population density of eye gnats (Chloropidae: Hippelates) has been reported since last century. This phenomenon is related to the attraction that those flies show for the eyes, secretions and wounds, from where they feed on. Although there are evidences on the role of these flies in the mechanical transmission of seasonal bacterial conjunctivitis, the isolation of Haemophilus aegyptius from them in their natural habitat had not been demonstrated yet. In this study Haemophilus aegyptius associated to BPF was isolated from two pools of chloropids collected around the eyes of children with conjunctivitis which were identified as Liohippelates peruanus (Becker) and a new species Hippelates neoproboscideus.


Assuntos
Conjuntivite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Dípteros/microbiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Haemophilus/isolamento & purificação , Insetos Vetores/microbiologia , Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 64(2): 81-7, mar.-abr. 1993. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-119288

RESUMO

Para estudiar factores asociados a la ocurrencia de infecciones invasoras por haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib) y evaluar el riesgo de casos secundarios en la población del área Norte de Santiago, se realizó un estudio controlado en los grupos familiares de 100 pacientes con enfermedad grave por Hib, consecutivamente atendidos en el Hospital Roberto del Río entre abril de 1989 y diciembre de 1991 y de 100 controles sanos pareados por edad y sexo, del consultorio de origen del paciente. En todos los grupos familiares se realizó una encuesta socioeconómica y se practicó un seguimiento de un año, durante el cual se dio satisfacción a la demanda de consultas por episodios febriles entre los menores de 5 años. La tasa de ataque promedio (19,9 por 10 elevado a 5 menores de 5 años) fue similar en las poblaciones de los 14 consultorios del área de salud. Las familias de enfermos y controles fueron similares en nivel socioeconómico, composición por sexo y estratificación etaria. El número promedio de integrantes de las familias de casos (n=6,9), fue significativamente mayor que en controles (n=5,5; p<0,0001) y en ambas la proporción de adultos fue inferior a la del área de salud. La tasa de portación de Hib (7,4 vs 2,2%) y la proporción de hogares con algún miembro colonizado (30 vs 9%), fueron significativamente mayores en las familias de casos de que de controles (p<0,0001 y p<0,028, respectivamente). Ningún paciente tenía antecedentes de contacto previo con un caso similar y no se observaron casos secundarios entre 117 contactos menores de 5 años. Estimando un riesgo (conservador) 500 veces superior al de la población general, el de enfermedad secundaria en la comunidad del área estudiada difiere en forma significativa del descrito en otros países (p<0,0008)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/patogenicidade , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Busca de Comunicante , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Medição de Risco
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 90(5): 279-285, 1992. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-557684

RESUMO

Haemophilus influenzae es el más importante microorganismo que causa serias infecciones bacterianas en niños. Un importante factor asociado con el riesgo de enfermedad invasiva es la edad, con un pico de incidencia entre los 6 y 23 meses. Esta revisión tiene como finalidad presentar al médico pediatra una actualización sobre el amplio espectro de infecciones invasivas por haemophilus influenzae.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Feminino , Bacteriologia , Quimioprevenção , Infecções por Haemophilus/classificação , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/etnologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/imunologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Haemophilus/terapia , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Fatores de Risco
9.
J Infect Dis ; 164(6): 1149-53, 1991 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1955714

RESUMO

Thirty-six consecutive patients with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections at Roberto del Rio Children's Hospital, Santiago, Chile, were enrolled in a prospective study. Throat cultures were obtained from household contacts of each index case, adjacent neighbors, and matched community control households. Colonization rates for H. influenzae were comparable among groups; however, among household contacts 18% of colonizing isolates were Hib, compared with 2% and 3% among neighbor and community controls. When selected isolates were evaluated further by outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, only one of the four Hib isolates from household members matched the corresponding index case isolate. One serologically nontypeable isolate from a household contact had an OMP profile and electrophoretic type identical to that of the corresponding Hib index case isolate; hybridization studies with a 9-kb capsular gene probe showed a profile consistent with a capsule-deficient mutant. Hib strains were isolated more frequently from household contacts than from control persons living in Santiago, but colonizing Hib strains were often unrelated to the index case strain.


Assuntos
Saúde da Família , Infecções por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/classificação , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/análise , Celulite (Flegmão)/epidemiologia , Celulite (Flegmão)/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Face , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Haemophilus influenzae/genética , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Meningite por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Meningite por Haemophilus/microbiologia , Meningite por Haemophilus/transmissão , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Faringe/microbiologia , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 59(5): 306-11, sept.-oct. 1988. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-65192

RESUMO

Actualmente está bien documentada la difusibilidad de Hi b especialmente en niños y se ha planteado quimioprofilaxis a los menores de 4 años que son contactos de infecciones sistémicas. Para conocer nuestra situación epidemiológica, se estudiaron 31 infecciones sistémicas por Hi b en pacientes ingresados a los hospitales L. Calvo Mackenna y Exequiel González Cortés (24 meningitis, 3 celulitis faciales, 1 neumonía abscesada, 3 pleuroneumonías, una de las cuales presentó además pericarditis) y se investigó la presencia de portadores entre los contactos intrafamiliares. Se estudiaron 191 contactos (X 6,4 por cada caso índice), encontrándose 18% de portadores entre los niños y 5,9% entre los adultos. Se detectó un caso secundario en un contacto de 7 meses de edad. Se logró la erradicación de todos los portadores mediante tratamiento con rifampicina durante 4 días. Se determinó el perfil de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de las cepas de Hi aisladas de pacientes y portadores, observándose 12% de cepas resistentes a ampicilina y cloramfenicol entre las cepas de los casos índices. No se observó resistencia en Hi b aislados de portadores


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Haemophilus influenzae/patogenicidade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Meningite por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Rifampina/uso terapêutico
12.
J Pediatr ; 111(2): 180-6, 1987 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3497249

RESUMO

We prospectively studied the risk of secondary transmission of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease among children in day care in Oklahoma. We established a statewide surveillance system for the reporting of all forms of invasive Hib disease from physicians, clinical laboratories, county health departments, and infection control practitioners from all hospitals in and bordering Oklahoma. For the 2-year period March 15, 1984, to March 15, 1986, there were 409 culture-confirmed cases of invasive Hib disease in children 12 years of age or younger; 147 (37%) case-patients attended day care. When a case-patient attended day care during the week before illness, we prospectively identified and observed all classroom contacts (n = 2147) for the next 60 days. Of 1253 classroom contacts younger than 4 years of age, seven (0.6%) secondary cases were identified. Isolates from all paired index and secondary cases had identical outer membrane protein (OMP) patterns. Strains causing primary disease were indistinguishable by OMP distribution from those causing secondary disease. Of 685 classroom contacts younger than 2 years of age from whom rifampin use was ascertained, five (1.7%) of 292 who did not receive rifampin became secondary cases, compared with one (0.3%) of 393 who received rifampin (rate ratio 6.7; 95% confidence limits 1.1, 42.5; P less than 0.05). Of 495 classroom contacts 24 to 47 months of age for whom rifampin use was ascertained, one (0.5%) of 194 who did not receive rifampin became a secondary case, compared with none of 301 who received rifampin. This experience indicates that secondary transmission of invasive Hib disease can be appreciable in day care settings, particularly in children younger than 2 years of age, and that rifampin prophylaxis reduces this risk.


Assuntos
Creches , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Oklahoma , Estudos Prospectivos , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Risco
13.
J Pediatr ; 108(6): 887-96, 1986 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3712153

RESUMO

We performed a population-based case-control study of risk factors for primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in metropolitan Atlanta from July 1, 1983, through June 30, 1984. Active surveillance identified 102 cases in children less than 5 years of age, 89 of whom lived in households with telephones. We used random digit dialing to select 530 controls who were postmatched to cases by age. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between Hib disease and two independent exposure factors, household crowding (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.3 to 5.6) and day-care attendance. For day-care attendance, relative risk was highest in 2- to 5-month-old infants (OR 17.7, 95% CL 5.8 to 54.4) and declined to 9.4 (4.3 to 20.9) at ages 6 to 11 months, 5.0 (2.7 to 9.3) at 12 to 23 months, 2.7 (1.3 to 5.5) at 24 to 35 months, and 1.4 (0.5 to 4.0) in 36- to 59-month-old children. Fifty percent of all invasive Hib disease that occurred during the study period was attributable to exposure to day-care; the attributable risk for household crowding was 18%. Dose-response effects were observed for hours per week of day-care attendance and extent of household crowding. Breast-feeding was protective for infants less than 6 months of age (OR 0.08, 95% CL 0.01 to 0.59). After controlling for socioeconomic and other confounding factors, we could demonstrate no effect of black race on cumulative risk of invasive Hib disease. Our study defines high-risk groups and provides a population-based model of the interrelationship between risk factors associated with invasive Hib disease.


Assuntos
Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Creches , Pré-Escolar , Aglomeração , Exposição Ambiental , Feminino , Georgia , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatística como Assunto
14.
J Pediatr ; 106(5): 712-6, 1985 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3873532

RESUMO

During an 18-month period, monthly pharyngeal cultures for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) were obtained from 66 children and their caretakers in a day care center in which no systemic disease caused by Hib occurred. The average colonization rate for Hib was 10%, and ranged from 0% to 23% for a single month. Infants housed in a separate building with a cohorted staff were not colonized by Hib. However, 71% of the toddler group and 48% of the preschool group became colonized by Hib at some time during the 18-month-study. Of 89 Hib isolates, 93% were biotype 1 (Kilian), and 90% of these had a similar outer membrane protein profile, designated subtype 1L. This strain was recovered from children at the center for 15 of 18 months. No invasive disease occurred. Thus, Hib may be widespread among preschool children in a day care center and persist for longer than a year without resulting in systemic disease.


Assuntos
Creches , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Faringe/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos
15.
J Pediatr ; 106(2): 190-5, 1985 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3871478

RESUMO

From November 1, 1981, through April 30, 1982, we performed a case-control study of primary invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in children in Colorado. Information was collected for 121 (83%) of 146 children with positive cultures and for 196 (67%) of 292 age-matched controls selected at random from birth certificates. Infected children were more likely to have attended a day care center or nursery (DCC/N) and to have an elementary school-aged household member. For attendance at DCC/N, the relative risk was significantly increased only for children 12 months of age or older, and increased with the size of the DCC/N. After controlling for DCC/N attendance and school-aged siblings, children younger than 6 months of age with infection were significantly less likely to have been breast-fed, suggesting a protective effect of breast-feeding. We identified DCC/N attendees, especially those older than 1 year of age, to be at increased risk of primary H. influenzae disease. They could benefit from immunization.


Assuntos
Creches , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Escolas Maternais , Aleitamento Materno , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colorado , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Família , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
17.
J Pediatr ; 102(6): 820-4, 1983 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6602214

RESUMO

This report provides evidence of nosocomial transmission of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection between two children in an acute care hospital. In the past, transmission of infection between these children would have gone unrecognized, because the isolates from the respective cases differed in susceptibility to ampicillin. However, the outer membrane protein profile of the two isolates was identical and has previously been observed in less than 2% of type b Haemophilus isolates from patients with invasive disease in the St. Louis area. Thus the likelihood is very low that these two children were both infected with this strain by chance alone (P less than 0.0004). From previous experience, the risk of transmission of Haemophilus in an acute care setting would appear to be very low. However, nosocomial transmission may occasionally occur.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Ampicilina , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Pré-Escolar , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Haemophilus influenzae/análise , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Resistência às Penicilinas
18.
J Pediatr ; 98(3): 485-91, 1981 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7009819

RESUMO

To determine the efficacy of rifampin chemoprophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b, we conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among household contacts of patients hospitalized for invasive HIB infection. Seventy-nine index patients and 400 close contacts were studied; 26.5% of contacts were colonized. The efficacy of rifampin (10 mg/kg/dose, 600 mg/dose maximum, twice daily for two days) in eradicating carriage was 52% and varied with age (75.6% in persons greater than or equal to 5 and 27% in those less than 5 years). Eradication rates in those less than 5 years were not significantly better than for placebo. No resistant isolates were encountered in sensitivity testing. The low efficacy of this rifampin regimen in young children precludes its routine use as a chemoprophylactic agent for family contacts. The occurrence of three cases of invasive HIB infection in individuals outside the defined contact group raises concern regarding the efficacy of any chemoprophylactic regimen.


Assuntos
Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Epiglote/microbiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Haemophilus influenzae , Humanos , Lactente , Laringite/prevenção & controle , Laringite/transmissão , Meningite por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Meningite por Haemophilus/transmissão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Orofaringe/microbiologia , Placebos , Gravidez , Rifampina/efeitos adversos
20.
J Pediatr ; 92(5): 713-7, 1978 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-347042

RESUMO

Four episodes of serious Hemophilus influenzae type b infection occurred in three children attending a day-care center. This was 100 times the expected annual total. The pharyngeal carriage rate of Hib was 60% for siblings of patients, 20% for adult household contacts, and 5% for well children at the center. No carriers were found in control populations. Escherichia coli K100, which cross-reacts serologically with Hib, was found in rectal swabs of 20% of family contacts of patients and 3.5% of well children at the center. It was recovered from two of seven persons who carried Hib in the pharynx and two of 75 who did not (P = 0.035), suggesting that carriage of one organism may facilitate carriage of the other. In a randomized prospective trial with 85 patient contact, Hib carriage was eradicated in all of four carriers given ampicillin and in all of three given rifampin. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of adverse reactions in the two treatment groups. No further cases were reported.


Assuntos
Creches , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Escherichia coli , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Haemophilus/transmissão , Haemophilus influenzae , Humanos , Lactente , Faringe/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reto/microbiologia , Rifampina/uso terapêutico
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