RESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in small ruminants, is highly prevalent worldwide. Economic losses have already been associated with the disease, and little is known about the host-pathogen relationship associated with the disease. The present study aimed to perform a metabolomic study of the C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Serum samples were collected from a herd of 173 goats. The animals were classified as controls (not infected), asymptomatic (seropositives but without detectable CLA clinical signs), and symptomatic (seropositive animals presenting CLA lesions), according to microbiological isolation and immunodiagnosis. The serum samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequences. The NMR data were analyzed using chemometrics, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to discover specific biomarkers responsible for discrimination between the groups. A high dissemination of the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was observed, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the evaluation of 62 serum samples by NMR, the techniques were satisfactory in the discrimination of the groups, being also complementary and mutually confirming, demonstrating possible biomarkers for the infection by the bacterium. Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG, such as tryptophan, polyunsaturated fatty acids, formic acid, NAD+, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, opening promising possibilities for the use of these results in new therapeutic, immunodiagnosis, and immunoprophylactic tools, as well as for studies of the immune response against C. pseudotuberculosis. KEY POINTS: ⢠Sixty-two samples from healthy, CLA asymptomatic, and symptomatic goats were screened ⢠Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG ⢠1H-NMR NOESY and CPMG were complementary and mutually confirming.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenite , Animais , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/metabolismo , Cabras/microbiologia , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/veterinária , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sisal wool condition is a skin disease affecting Merino sheep in the Argentine Patagonia region. Corynebacterium spp. isolates have previously been isolated from skin swabs from lesions, while specific identification of the bacteria involved has not been reported. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial agent isolated from sisal wool lesions and to develop a diagnostic method for field surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Molecular identification of a collection of 72 isolates obtained previously was performed using PCR and 16S rRNA and rpoB sequencing. A field survey was carried out on two farms in the Río Negro province of Argentine Patagonia. Swab samples from sheep with and without skin lesions were collected and analysed by PCR and culture. RESULTS: Isolates analysed were confirmed by sequencing as Corynebacterium bovis. Using a PCR test without culture step, all field samples from affected sheep were positive for C. bovis; samples from the healthy skin from the same animals or clinically healthy sheep all were negative. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sisal wool skin disease was associated with C. bovis infection based on culture and PCR methods; the latter may be useful for helping to pursue a disease control strategy.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Doenças dos Ovinos , Dermatopatias , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Lã , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Corynebacterium/genética , Dermatopatias/veterináriaRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in goats and sheep, is highly prevalent worldwide and is characterized by economic losses in small ruminant production. Currently available techniques for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the disease lack market availability and/or sensitivity, and therefore, infected animals can remain in the herd, serving as a source of infection for other animals. The present study aimed to verify hematological and clinical biochemistry changes in goats naturally infected by C. pseudotuberculosis. One hundred seventy-three Canindé goats were included in this study, from which blood samples and caseous lesions were collected. The animals were classified as uninfected, asymptomatic, and symptomatic according to microbiological isolation and serological assays. A high dissemination of the infection was observed in the herd, with 86.13% of positive animals, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the hemogram and clinical biochemistry analyses, the only statistical difference found was a higher level of serum urea in asymptomatic individuals than in non-infected animals. In addition, this study points to the possibility of chronic CLA being potentially reflected in hepatic and renal biochemical markers.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Doenças das Cabras , Linfadenite , Doenças dos Ovinos , Ovinos , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Cabras , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterináriaRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a bacillus that causes caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, leading to great losses to rural producers; thus, an efficient diagnosis is necessary for using disease control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the antigenic potential of four C. pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins (rSodC, rPknG, rNanH, and rSpaC) against sera of goat and sheep experimentally infected with one of three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Goats were infected with CAP76 or CAP21 strain (n = 10), sheep with VD57 strain (n = 6), and a group of not-infected animals (goats and sheep) were kept as a healthy control (healthy n = 12). Sera were collected at 0, 14, 60, 90, 180, or 190 days after inoculation for antigenicity testing using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Cross-reactivity tests with recombinant proteins were performed in goat serum experimentally vaccinated with Nocardia sp. or Rhodococcus equi bacterin. The rSodC protein showed discriminatory antigenic reactivity with a statistically significant difference against three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats and sheep samples, while rPknG showed statistical significance only against two C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats. rSodC was proved to be a strong candidate as a tool for diagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection, once it was able to recognize antibodies against all strains evaluated in goats and sheep.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Doenças das Cabras , Linfadenite , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis. The main clinical sign of this disease is the development of granulomas, especially in small ruminants; however, the pathways that are involved in the formation and maintenance of these granulomas are unknown. Cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the migration of immune cells to specific sites and tissues; therefore, it is possible that chemokines participate in abscess formation. This study aimed to evaluate the induction of chemokine production by two C. pseudotuberculosis strains in a murine model. A highly pathogenic (VD57) and an attenuated (T1) strain of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as somatic and secreted antigens derived from these strains, was used to stimulate murine splenocytes. Then, the concentrations of the chemokines CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, and CCL-5 and the cytokines IL-1 and TNF were measured in the culture supernatants. The VD57 strain had a higher ability to stimulate the production of chemokines when compared to T1 strain, especially in the early stages of stimulation, which can have an impact on granuloma formation. The T1 lysate antigen was able to stimulate most of the chemokines studied herein when compared to the other antigenic fractions of both strains. These results indicate that C. pseudotuberculosis is a chemokine production inducer, and the bacterial strains differ in their induction pattern, a situation that can be related to the specific behavior of each strain.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenite , Animais , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Linfadenite/microbiologia , CamundongosRESUMO
Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis, which is considered the main agent responsible for abscess lesions. In the visceral form it can affect theinternal organs of sheep and goats, which could negatively affect animal health and cause large economic losses for producers.Case: This study aims to report a case of intestinal CL in sheep, with suspected diagnosis during physical examinationand identification during the performance of the oophorectomy procedure, adopted as a management approach. It is amixed breed sheep, aged over 5 years; weight 28 kg; emaciated on physical examination; with pale pink and moist eyelidmucosa; heart and respiratory rate: 81 beats/min and 22 movements/min, respectively; body temperature 39.2°C; ruminalmovements at 1 movement/min; without identification of lymphadenomegaly on palpation, however, it was observed thatthe right submandibular lymph node presented tissue retraction compatible with the healing process. For the surgical procedure, an 18-h fast was used and pre-anesthetic medication with 2% xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), 10% ketamine (5 mg/kg) and50 mg/mL tramadol (2 mg/kg) administrated intramuscularly. The animal was placed in the left lateral decubitus position,then was performed trichotomy and epidural administration of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) and maintenance with propofol10 mg/mL intravenous dose-effect and oxygen mask 3 L/min, antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 10% enrofloxacin(2.5 mg/kg). Flank oophorectomy was performed according to the classic technique and during...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ovinos/microbiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Abscesso/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Biópsia/veterináriaRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious chronic disease responsible for economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. CLA has no effective treatment, evidencing the vaccination schedule as the best control strategy. Although some commercial vaccines have been available, none of them provides total protection, which is sometimes insufficient and does not reach the same efficiency when compared in sheep and goats. They also have questionable safety levels and side effects. In light of this, several experimental vaccines are in development in order to improve safety, reproducibility, and protective immune response against the etiologic agent of CLA, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. In this review, we discussed aspects as antigen, adjuvant, routes of administration, protection level, and animal models used in CLA vaccine development, as well the challenges and future perspectives. KEY POINTS: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) does not have an appropriate commercial vaccine. Different experimental vaccines are in development aiming to protect against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. An ideal vaccine for CLA is necessary for the disease control.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenite , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas , Infecções por Corynebacterium/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Cabras , Linfadenite/prevenção & controle , Linfadenite/veterinária , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , OvinosRESUMO
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in small ruminants. There is still needed an immunoprophylaxis model, which induces a protective and sustained immune response against the bacteria. In this study, we evaluated a recombinant Escherichia coli bacterin expressing the recombinant phospholipase D (rPLD) protein, the most relevant virulence factor of C. pseudotuberculosis, as a potential vaccine formulation. E. coli BL21 (DE3) Star strain was used for rPLD protein expression and was then inactivated by formaldehyde. Four groups with 10 Balb/c mice each were immunized twice within a 21 days interval: G1-control - 0.9% saline solution; G2- E. coli bacterin/pAE (naked plasmid); G3- E. coli bacterin/pAE/pld; G4-purified recombinant rPLD. Subsequently, the animals were challenged with a C. pseudotuberculosis virulent strain and evaluated for 40 days. The highest survival rate was observed for G3 with 40% protection, followed by 30% in the purified rPLD group (G4). These two groups also showed considerable IgG production when compared with the control group (G1). Also, a higher significant expression of interferon-γ was observed for the experimental groups G2, G3, and G4 when compared with a control group (G1) (p < 0.05). These results represent that a recombinant bacterin can be seen as a promising approach for vaccinal antigens against CLA, being possible to be used in association of different vaccine strategies.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Linfadenite , Fosfolipase D , Animais , Vacinas Bacterianas/genética , Infecções por Corynebacterium/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Camundongos , Fosfolipase D/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis, which is considered the main agent responsible for abscess lesions. In the visceral form it can affect theinternal organs of sheep and goats, which could negatively affect animal health and cause large economic losses for producers.Case: This study aims to report a case of intestinal CL in sheep, with suspected diagnosis during physical examinationand identification during the performance of the oophorectomy procedure, adopted as a management approach. It is amixed breed sheep, aged over 5 years; weight 28 kg; emaciated on physical examination; with pale pink and moist eyelidmucosa; heart and respiratory rate: 81 beats/min and 22 movements/min, respectively; body temperature 39.2°C; ruminalmovements at 1 movement/min; without identification of lymphadenomegaly on palpation, however, it was observed thatthe right submandibular lymph node presented tissue retraction compatible with the healing process. For the surgical procedure, an 18-h fast was used and pre-anesthetic medication with 2% xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), 10% ketamine (5 mg/kg) and50 mg/mL tramadol (2 mg/kg) administrated intramuscularly. The animal was placed in the left lateral decubitus position,then was performed trichotomy and epidural administration of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) and maintenance with propofol10 mg/mL intravenous dose-effect and oxygen mask 3 L/min, antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 10% enrofloxacin(2.5 mg/kg). Flank oophorectomy was performed according to the classic technique and during...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Abscesso/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/veterinária , Ovinos/microbiologia , Biópsia/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is one of the main infectious diseases in sheep, responsible for great economic losses, mainly in Northeast region of Brazil, which has the largest sheep flock in the country. Thus, the aim of this survey was to determine the factors associated with the seroprevalence of this disease in sheep from Northeastern Brazil using a planned sample of flocks and animals. Samples were collected from 2312 adult and young sheep of both sex from 196 farms, located in 51 municipalities in five Northeastern Brazilian states (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). Serological diagnosis was performed using the indirect ELISA technique. Factors associated with seropositivity were identified by variables extracted from epidemiological questionnaires administered to breeders, using univariable and multivariable analyses. Factors associated with prevalence were purebred sheep (Prevalence ratio - PR = 1.189; P = 0.017), ram acquisition from animal expositions (PR = 1.192; P = 0.020), offspring is separated from ewes (PR = 1.132; P = 0.048), water supplied to sheep from ponds (PR = 1.365; P = 0.002), and delayed disposal of infected animals (PR = 1.263; P = 0.027). Flock-level and animal-level prevalences were 93.88 % (95 % CI = 89.60-96.46%) and 37.46 % (95 % CI = 35.51-39.45%), respectively. In view of the high prevalence found here and based on the associated factors, the implementation of an efficient CL control programme in Northeastern Brazil is recommended.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Linfadenite/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/fisiologia , Feminino , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Carneiro DomésticoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of seropositivity Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep in five states of northeastern Brazil, using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Young and adult sheep of both sexes were used. Blood samples were collected from 2638 sheep from 223 herds across all states. For the i-ELISA, antigens produced from the strain of C. pseudotuberculosis BRM 029971, a bacterial isolate from the Northeast region of Brazil, were used. Sensitivity and specificity indexes were calculated for the validation of the test, using as reference 49 and 134 serum samples from sheep known to be positive and negative, respectively. The i-ELISA presented four false-negative and four false-positive results, showing a specificity of 97.01%, a sensitivity of 91.84%, and an accuracy of 95.63%. These results were calculated based on an optical density (OD) cutoff point = 0.138. Of the 2638 sheep tested, 996 (37.76%, 95% CI = 35.93-39.62%) were seropositive, and of the 223 evaluated herds, 210 (94.17%, 95% CI = 90.28-96.56%) seropositive. The i-ELISA showed adequate sensitivity and specificity, proving to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep. Infection by C. pseudotuberculosis, determined by serology, is disseminated in the sheep herds in the states of Northeast Brazil. Thus, there is a need to implement effective control measures that prevent the spread of infectious agents.
Assuntos
Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Linfadenite/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Carneiro DomésticoRESUMO
Background: Lumpy jaw is disease effecting wallabies and kangaroos, particularly in Macropus rufus and Macropusgiganteus. In the most serious situations, additional tooth loss and fistulas follow, accompanied by a stench, weight loss,and eventually death due to sepsis or blood poisoning. Lumpy jaw disease has seriously affected the normal display andhealth of kangaroos, and cause a huge economic loss. There was an outbreak of jaw infection in kangaroos at the HongshanForest Zoo. Two Macropus giganteus and two Macropus rufus died of lumpy jaw. The main objective of the describingcase was to isolate pathogens, provide a basis for follow-up treatment, and serve to establish a disease prevention protocol.Case: Four grown-up kangaroos (two Macropus giganteus and two Macropus rufus) were raised in Hongshan Forest Zoo,which had obviously clinical symptoms, such as oral lesions of pus, necrotic tissue, rotting teeth, then died of lumpyjaw. Oral swab samples were collected from the lesion sites of the dying kangaroos. Mice experiments were conducted toexamine the pathogenicity of the strains. Tests of antimicrobial susceptibity were performed to prescribe with better drugtreatments for kangaroos. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were identified based onmorphology, culture characteristics and biochemical tests. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (G+) in Sucrose, Mannitol,Lactose, Maltose, Glucose tubes were positive, that acids and gases both production, in Gelatin liquefaction, Indol test,MR were positive, that only acids production, others were negative; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (G-) in Urea, MR werepositive, that only acids production, others were negative.The infected mice presented with gum erosion or ulcers whenthe two pathogens were injected subcutaneous at the oral regional by 2-3 point at 0.2 mL of individual strains 1.0×109CFU/mouse...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Macropodidae/microbiologia , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/patogenicidade , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Yersiniose/veterinária , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Animais de Zoológico/microbiologia , Resistência a MedicamentosRESUMO
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a small ruminant disease characterized by the development of granulomatous lesions in superficial and internal lymph nodes, as well as in some organs, and causes significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agent of CLA is the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; however, the commercially available diagnostic tools present problems with regard to specificity, which can lead to false-negative results. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulins in goats and sheep using recombinant C. pseudotuberculosis PLD, CP40, PknG, DtxR and Grx proteins. For validation of the ELISAs, 130 goat serum samples and 160 sheep serum samples were used. The best ELISA for goats was developed using a combination of PLD and CP40 as antigens at a 1:1 ratio, which presented 96.9% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity. The most effective ELISA for sheep presented 91% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity when recombinant PLD alone was used as the antigen. These ELISAs can be used as highly accurate tools in epidemiological surveys and for the serodiagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/imunologia , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/veterinária , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Cabras , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ovinos , Medicina Veterinária/métodosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two dry-off protocols: (a) dry cow therapy using ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 400 mg followed by the administration of an internal teat sealant composed of 4 g of bismuth subnitrate, and (b) a positive control using dry cow therapy with 250 mg cephalonium followed by the administration of 2.6 g bismuth subnitrate internal teat sealant. A total of 578 Holstein cows selected from 7 commercial herds were randomly allocated into two groups at drying off: (a) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 400 mg (CH) associated with ITS, n = 1112 mammary quarters/296 cows, or (b) positive control (PC) = cephalonium (250 mg) associated with ITS, n = 1058 mammary quarters/282 cows). A total of 1787 out of 2170 mammary quarters (82%) had negative culture at drying off. The microorganisms most frequently isolated at drying off were CNS (5.62%), Strep. uberis (1.9%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.01%). A total of 465 mammary quarters experienced new intramammary infections (NIMIs), and the main microorganisms causing NIMI were CNS (21.94%), Strep. uberis (17.2%), and Pseudomonas spp. (9.7%). The CH protocol was not inferior to PC, as the cure risk of mammary quarters CH-treated was at the noninferiority limit. However, the mammary quarters treated by CH protocol had 24% and 31% lower risk of overall NIMI and NIMI caused by major pathogens, respectively, than mammary quarters dried with the PC protocol. In addition, the mammary quarters treated with CH protocol had a lower risk of CM through the first 60 DIM than those treated with PC protocol. Both DCT protocols showed similar odds of microbiological cure, but the CH protocol had greater prevention against NIMI during dry-off period.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Bismuto/uso terapêutico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Corynebacterium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Feminino , Incidência , Lactação , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Prevalência , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/veterinária , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Goat breeding in the Northeast region of Brazil plays an important socioeconomic role. However, there are significant losses caused by sanitary deficits and infectious diseases, particularly caseous lymphadenitis (CL). Although CL is considered endemic in Northeastern Brazil, a comprehensive and up-to-date study of this disease in goat herds in this region is necessary. The objective of this study was to determine the farm-level and animal-level seroprevalences for the disease and to identify the possible risk factors that characterize CL in the caprine species of five Northeastern's states (Ceará, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Sergipe). A total of 2744 goat serum samples from 230 farms were collected between 2010 and 2012. The diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was performed using the indirect ELISA technique. Farm-level and animal-level seroprevalences were 87.8% and 30.3%, respectively, suggesting that C. pseudotuberculosis is widespread in goat herds of the Northeast region. The risk factors were as follows: absence of forage silage (odds ratio = 5.39), not separating animals by sex (odds ratio = 4.16) or by age (odds ratio = 6.30), not replacing old goat breeders (odds ratio = 7.80), and non-treatment of CL lumps prior to spontaneous rupture (odds ratio = 10.34). This study supports the idea that caseous lymphadenitis is widely disseminated in goats from Northeastern Brazil and based on the risk factor analysis attention should be given to the need to establish adequate control measures, such as incision and early drainage of superficial abscesses, quarantine and elimination of affected animals, periodic inspection of the herd, non-introduction of infected animals, and early disposal of animals with recurrent CL.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Corynebacterium/epidemiologia , Demografia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/sangue , Cabras , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Background: Lumpy jaw is disease effecting wallabies and kangaroos, particularly in Macropus rufus and Macropusgiganteus. In the most serious situations, additional tooth loss and fistulas follow, accompanied by a stench, weight loss,and eventually death due to sepsis or blood poisoning. Lumpy jaw disease has seriously affected the normal display andhealth of kangaroos, and cause a huge economic loss. There was an outbreak of jaw infection in kangaroos at the HongshanForest Zoo. Two Macropus giganteus and two Macropus rufus died of lumpy jaw. The main objective of the describingcase was to isolate pathogens, provide a basis for follow-up treatment, and serve to establish a disease prevention protocol.Case: Four grown-up kangaroos (two Macropus giganteus and two Macropus rufus) were raised in Hongshan Forest Zoo,which had obviously clinical symptoms, such as oral lesions of pus, necrotic tissue, rotting teeth, then died of lumpyjaw. Oral swab samples were collected from the lesion sites of the dying kangaroos. Mice experiments were conducted toexamine the pathogenicity of the strains. Tests of antimicrobial susceptibity were performed to prescribe with better drugtreatments for kangaroos. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were identified based onmorphology, culture characteristics and biochemical tests. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (G+) in Sucrose, Mannitol,Lactose, Maltose, Glucose tubes were positive, that acids and gases both production, in Gelatin liquefaction, Indol test,MR were positive, that only acids production, others were negative; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (G-) in Urea, MR werepositive, that only acids production, others were negative.The infected mice presented with gum erosion or ulcers whenthe two pathogens were injected subcutaneous at the oral regional by 2-3 point at 0.2 mL of individual strains 1.0×109CFU/mouse...
Assuntos
Animais , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/patogenicidade , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Macropodidae/microbiologia , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Yersiniose/veterinária , Animais de Zoológico/microbiologia , Resistência a MedicamentosRESUMO
O presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência e distribuição de lesões abscedativas, identificação do agente etiológico e avaliação das lesões histológicas em caprinos e ovinos abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico com Serviço de Inspeção Federal do estado da Bahia. Foram coletadas 153 amostras de vísceras e linfonodos com abscessos de 1.148 animais abatidos. A maior prevalência na espécie ovina foi em macho, com faixa etária de 12 meses, sendo os principais órgãos acometidos fígado (21,2%) e linfonodo pré-escapular (20,3%). Na espécie caprina, a prevalência maior foi em macho, com faixa etária de 30 meses, sendo os linfonodos retro faríngeo (25%) e pré-escapular os mais acometidos (25%). Isolou-se os seguintes micro-organismos das amostras: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis em 33,33%, Escherichia coli (19,61%), Proteus mirabilis (9,80%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7,19%), Trueperella pyogenes (5,22%), Streptococcusspp. (5,22%) e Staphylococcus aureus (4,57%). As lesões macroscópicas e histológicas dos abscessos coletados não apresentaram diferenças entre micro-organismos isolados.(AU)
The study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of abscessed lesions, etiologic agent identification and assessment of histological lesions in sheep and goats slaughtered in a slaughter plant refrigerator with Federal Inspection Service in the State of Bahia. The amount of 153 samples of viscera and lymph nodes with abscesses of 1.148 slaughtered animals were collected. The highest prevalence in sheep was in males, aged 12 months, as in liver (21.2%) and prescapular lymph nodes (20.3%) the main affected organs. The prevalence in goats in male, aged 30 months and in retropharyngeal (25%) and prescapular lymph nodes (25%). The following microorganisms were isolated from the samples: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 33.33%, Escherichia coli 19.61%, Proteus mirabilis 9.80%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.19%, Trueperella pyogenes 5.22%, Streptococcus spp. 5.22% and Staphylococcus aureus 4.57%. The macroscopic and histological lesions of abscesses collected presented no difference between isolated microorganisms.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ruminantes/lesões , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Abscesso/patologia , Abscesso/veterinária , Abscesso/epidemiologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Abscesso Hepático/veterinária , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus , Escherichia coliRESUMO
O presente estudo objetivou determinar a prevalência e distribuição de lesões abscedativas, identificação do agente etiológico e avaliação das lesões histológicas em caprinos e ovinos abatidos em um matadouro-frigorífico com Serviço de Inspeção Federal do estado da Bahia. Foram coletadas 153 amostras de vísceras e linfonodos com abscessos de 1.148 animais abatidos. A maior prevalência na espécie ovina foi em macho, com faixa etária de 12 meses, sendo os principais órgãos acometidos fígado (21,2%) e linfonodo pré-escapular (20,3%). Na espécie caprina, a prevalência maior foi em macho, com faixa etária de 30 meses, sendo os linfonodos retro faríngeo (25%) e pré-escapular os mais acometidos (25%). Isolou-se os seguintes micro-organismos das amostras: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis em 33,33%, Escherichia coli (19,61%), Proteus mirabilis (9,80%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7,19%), Trueperella pyogenes (5,22%), Streptococcusspp. (5,22%) e Staphylococcus aureus (4,57%). As lesões macroscópicas e histológicas dos abscessos coletados não apresentaram diferenças entre micro-organismos isolados.(AU)
The study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of abscessed lesions, etiologic agent identification and assessment of histological lesions in sheep and goats slaughtered in a slaughter plant refrigerator with Federal Inspection Service in the State of Bahia. The amount of 153 samples of viscera and lymph nodes with abscesses of 1.148 slaughtered animals were collected. The highest prevalence in sheep was in males, aged 12 months, as in liver (21.2%) and prescapular lymph nodes (20.3%) the main affected organs. The prevalence in goats in male, aged 30 months and in retropharyngeal (25%) and prescapular lymph nodes (25%). The following microorganisms were isolated from the samples: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 33.33%, Escherichia coli 19.61%, Proteus mirabilis 9.80%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.19%, Trueperella pyogenes 5.22%, Streptococcus spp. 5.22% and Staphylococcus aureus 4.57%. The macroscopic and histological lesions of abscesses collected presented no difference between isolated microorganisms.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ruminantes/lesões , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Abscesso/patologia , Abscesso/veterinária , Abscesso/epidemiologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Abscesso Hepático/veterinária , Linfonodos/microbiologia , Proteus mirabilis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Streptococcus , Escherichia coliRESUMO
We conducted an in silico analysis to search for important genes in the pathogenesis of Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL), with prospects for use in formulating effective vaccines against this disease. For this, we performed a survey of proteins expressed by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, using protein sequences collected from the NCBI GenPept database and the keywords "caseous lymphadenitis" and "Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis" and "goats". A network was developed using the STRING 10 database, with a confidence score of 0.900. For every gene interaction identified, we summed the interaction score of each gene, generating a combined association score to obtain a single score named weighted number of links (WNL). Genes with the highest WNL were named "leader genes". Ontological analysis was extracted from the STRING database through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A search in the GenPept database revealed 2,124 proteins. By using and plotting with STRING 10, we then developed an in silico network model comprised of 1,243 genes/proteins interconnecting through 3,330 interactions. The highest WNL values were identified in the rplB gene, which was named the leader gene. Our ontological analysis shows that this protein acts effectively mainly on Metabolic pathways and Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, the in silico analyses showed that rplB has good potential for vaccine development. However, functional assays are needed to make sure that this protein can potentially induce both humoral and cellular immune responses against C. pseudotuberculosis in goats.
Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Corynebacterium/veterinária , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis/genética , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Linfadenite/veterinária , Animais , Biologia Computacional , Infecções por Corynebacterium/prevenção & controle , Linfadenite/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The pathogenic bacteria of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis caused a chronic contagious infectious disease of the caseous lymphadenitis or pseudotuberculosis. Globally, isolates obtained from different injuries that affect sheep and goats, have been identified by fully or partially gene sequencing. However, in Mexico there is no complete study to identify by molecular and phylogenetic techniques the circulating isolates as well as its virulence factors. Therefore, in the present study we reported the identification of 57 isolates of C. pseudotuberculosis by bacteriological tests and the amplification of 16S rRNA, rpoB and pld genes, as well as, genes involved in virulence and pathogenicity: Fag A, Fag B, Fag C, Fag D and hsp60. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the partial sequence of the rpoB gene. Genes involved in virulence and pathogenicity were identified in the 98.2% of the isolates. Regarding the phylogenetic analysis, were identified the species and subspecies to which they belong of all the tested isolates. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization will allow to establish preventive and prophylactic measures aimed to the creation of effective immunogens against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.