RESUMO
We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018-2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.
Assuntos
Epidemiologia Molecular , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Febre/virologia , Febre/epidemiologia , Masculino , Filogenia , Adulto , Alphavirus/genética , Alphavirus/classificação , Feminino , Genótipo , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , História do Século XXI , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/virologia , LactenteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Amazon tropical rainforest has the most dense and diverse ecosystem worldwide. A few studies have addressed rodent-borne diseases as potential hazards to humans in this region. METHODS: A retrospective survey was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting mammarenavirus and orthohantavirus antibodies in 206 samples collected from rural settlers of the Brazilian Western Amazonian region. RESULTS: Six (2.91%) individuals in the age group of 16 to 36 years were found to possess antibodies against mammarenavirus. CONCLUSION: Evidence of previous exposure to mammarenavirus in the rural population points to its silent circulation in this region.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Arenaviridae/imunologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Orthohepadnavirus/imunologia , Roedores/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Arenaviridae/classificação , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/transmissão , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hepatite Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Hepatite Viral Humana/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orthohepadnavirus/classificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Roedores/classificação , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Amazon tropical rainforest has the most dense and diverse ecosystem worldwide. A few studies have addressed rodent-borne diseases as potential hazards to humans in this region. METHODS: A retrospective survey was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting mammarenavirus and orthohantavirus antibodies in 206 samples collected from rural settlers of the Brazilian Western Amazonian region. RESULTS: Six (2.91%) individuals in the age group of 16 to 36 years were found to possess antibodies against mammarenavirus. CONCLUSION: Evidence of previous exposure to mammarenavirus in the rural population points to its silent circulation in this region.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Arenaviridae/imunologia , Roedores/virologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Orthohepadnavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Arenaviridae/classificação , Roedores/classificação , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Orthohepadnavirus/classificação , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/transmissão , Hepatite Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Hepatite Viral Humana/transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, there is insufficient epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic hemorrhagic viruses. METHODS: We performed a sero-epidemiological study in indigenous populations of Wayuü, Kankuamos, and Tuchin communities using Maciel hantavirus and Junin arenavirus antigens for IgG detection by ELISA. RESULTS IgG antibodies to hantavirus and arenavirus were found in 5/506 (1%) and 2/506 (0.4%) serum samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Arenavirus and hantavirus circulate in indigenous populations from the Colombian Caribbean region, and the results indicate that the indigenous populations are exposed to these zoonotic agents, with unknown consequences on their health, despite low seroprevalence.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Arenavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnósticoRESUMO
During the Brazilian slavery period, many African migrants were brought to the American continent. Historically, some of these migrants escaped from the Brazilian gold mines and farms to which they had been brought and settled in remote valleys and this was the main mode of resistance to the slavery system. These runaway-slave descendant communities are called quilombos, a group with distinct ethnic identity, specific behavioral habits, including geographic isolation and conservative practices. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne viruses in two Afro-descendent communities from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Midwestern Brazil. A total of 319 individuals from rural and urban quilombola communities were enrolled. Twelve (3.76%) had anti-rodent-borne virus IgG antibodies. Seven (2.19%) were anti-mammarenavirus reactive and nine (2.82%) had anti-orthohantavirus antibodies. The literature includes limited data on the health status of quilombola communities, but all the studies emphasize the disparity of attention of local healthcare personnel to these communities compared to the general population. The findings of this study highlight the vulnerability and the precarious health conditions of quilombola groups, especially those living in rural areas and thus, point to the need of preventive measures to improve access to healthcare for this ethnic group.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Arenaviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , População Negra , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Roedores/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Colombia, there is insufficient epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic hemorrhagic viruses. METHODS: We performed a sero-epidemiological study in indigenous populations of Wayuü, Kankuamos, and Tuchin communities using Maciel hantavirus and Junin arenavirus antigens for IgG detection by ELISA. RESULTS: IgG antibodies to hantavirus and arenavirus were found in 5/506 (1%) and 2/506 (0.4%) serum samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Arenavirus and hantavirus circulate in indigenous populations from the Colombian Caribbean region, and the results indicate that the indigenous populations are exposed to these zoonotic agents, with unknown consequences on their health, despite low seroprevalence.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Arenavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Orthohantavírus/imunologia , Adulto , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Hemorrhagic fevers (HF) resulting from pathogenic arenaviral infections have traditionally been neglected as tropical diseases primarily affecting African and South American regions. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines for arenaviruses, and treatments have been limited to supportive therapy and use of non-specific nucleoside analogs, such as Ribavirin. Outbreaks of arenaviral infections have been limited to certain geographic areas that are endemic but known cases of exportation of arenaviruses from endemic regions and socioeconomic challenges for local control of rodent reservoirs raise serious concerns about the potential for larger outbreaks in the future. This review synthesizes current knowledge about arenaviral evolution, ecology, transmission patterns, life cycle, modulation of host immunity, disease pathogenesis, as well as discusses recent development of preventative and therapeutic pursuits against this group of deadly viral pathogens.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae , Arenavirus/imunologia , Surtos de Doenças , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais , Tolerância Imunológica , Ribavirina/uso terapêutico , África/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/imunologia , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/tratamento farmacológico , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/epidemiologia , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/imunologia , Humanos , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Anthropogenic environmental changes arising from settlement and agriculture include deforestation and replacement of natural vegetation by crops providing opportunities for pathogen spillover from animals to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne virus infections in seven rural settlements from Midwestern Brazil. Of the 466 individuals tested 12 (2.57%) were reactive for orthohantavirus and 3 (0.64%) for mammarenavirus. These rural settlers lived under unfavorable infrastructure, socioeconomic disadvantages, and unsanitary conditions, representing a risk for rodent-borne infections. Development of public policies towards the improvement of health, sanitation and awareness of rodent-borne diseases in improvised camps and settlements is imperative, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Roedores/virologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Vetores de Doenças/classificação , Roedores/classificação , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/transmissão , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Hantavirus/transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangueAssuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Anthropogenic environmental changes arising from settlement and agriculture include deforestation and replacement of natural vegetation by crops providing opportunities for pathogen spillover from animals to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of rodent-borne virus infections in seven rural settlements from Midwestern Brazil. Of the 466 individuals tested 12 (2.57%) were reactive for orthohantavirus and 3 (0.64%) for mammarenavirus. These rural settlers lived under unfavorable infrastructure, socioeconomic disadvantages, and unsanitary conditions, representing a risk for rodent-borne infections. Development of public policies towards the improvement of health, sanitation and awareness of rodent-borne diseases in improvised camps and settlements is imperative, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Vetores de Doenças/classificação , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Roedores/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/transmissão , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Hantavirus/transmissão , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Roedores/classificação , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Mammarenavirus RNA was detected in Musser's bristly mouse (Neacomys musseri) from the Amazon region, and this detection indicated that rodents were infected with a novel mammarenavirus, with the proposed name Xapuri virus (XAPV), which is phylogenetically related to New World Clade B and Clade C viruses. XAPV may represent the first natural reassortment of the Arenaviridae family and a new unrecognized clade within the Tacaribe serocomplex group.
Assuntos
Arenavirus/classificação , Arenavirus/genética , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/genética , Variação Genética , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Animais , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Evolução Molecular , Genoma Viral , Geografia , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , RNA Viral/química , RNA Viral/genética , RoedoresRESUMO
We have developed a study in the Embera-Katío indigenous community and we found that the seropositivity for IgG antibodies to Leptospira spp. was 18.1%; to dengue was 61.1%; to arenavirus was 3.1% and to hantavirus was 1.5%. We conclude that this indigenous community live in conditions that promote the reemerging and emerging, infections.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Dengue/diagnóstico , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dengue/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
We have developed a study in the Embera-Katío indigenous community and we found that the seropositivity for IgG antibodies to Leptospira spp. was 18.1%; to dengue was 61.1%; to arenavirus was 3.1% and to hantavirus was 1.5%. We conclude that this indigenous community live in conditions that promote the reemerging and emerging, infections.
Assuntos
Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Infecções por Arenaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Dengue/diagnóstico , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangueRESUMO
We screened blood samples from 560 wild rodents collected in southeastern Brazil for antibodies to a recombinant nucleoprotein (rN) of Junín virus. Six rodents were antibody positive (1.1%), demonstrating evidence of infection with mammarenaviruses in several species of Brazilian rodents.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae/veterinária , Arenaviridae/classificação , Roedores/virologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Significant progress has been made in the past 10 years in unraveling the molecular biology of highly pathogenic arenaviruses that are endemic in several West African countries (Lassa fever virus) and in some regions of South America (Argentine and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever viruses). While this has resulted in proof-of-concept studies of novel vaccine candidates in non-human primates and in the discovery of several novel antiviral small molecule drug candidates, none of them has been tested in the clinic to date. The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa has demonstrated very clearly that there is an urgent need to develop the prophylactic and therapeutic armamentarium against viral hemorrhagic fever viruses as part of a global preparedness for future epidemics. As it pertains to this goal, the present article summarizes the current knowledge of highly pathogenic arenaviruses and identifies opportunities for translational research.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/terapia , Pesquisa Biomédica , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Febre Lassa/terapia , Vacinas Virais , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Animais , Arenavirus/patogenicidade , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/diagnóstico , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/epidemiologia , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/terapia , Humanos , Febre Lassa/diagnóstico , Vírus Lassa/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Molecular screening of rodents from French Guiana has detected a new arenavirus, named "Patawa," in two Oecomys species (Muridae, Sigmodontinae). Further investigations are needed to better understand the circulation of this virus in rodent and human populations and its public health impact.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arenaviridae/veterinária , Arenavirus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Roedores/virologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Florestas , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Sigmodontinae/virologiaRESUMO
Introducción. La región de Urabá es endémica para varias enfermedades febriles agudas de origen infeccioso. Sin embargo, solo los pacientes con malaria pueden acceder a un diagnóstico oportuno y rápido, motivo por el cual muchos síndromes febriles no palúdicos quedan sin diagnóstico etiológico claro. Objetivo. Establecer la etiología, describir las manifestaciones clínicas y explorar algunos posibles factores de riesgo relacionados con los síndromes febriles agudos no palúdicos en pacientes procedentes de los municipios de Necoclí, Turbo y Apartadó. Materiales y métodos. Se tomaron muestras de suero en fase aguda y de convalecencia de 220 pacientes febriles negativos para malaria, provenientes de zonas rurales y urbanas de Necoclí, Turbo y Apartadó en los años 2007 y 2008. Se practicaron pruebas para diagnóstico de dengue (detección de anticuerpos IgM por ELISA), leptospirosis (detección de anticuerpos IgM e IgG por IFI), rickettsiosis (detección de anticuerpos IgG por IFI), hantavirus y arenavirus (detección de anticuerpos IgG por ELISA). Resultados. Se encontraron frecuencias de dengue, leptospirosis, rickettsiosis y arenavirus de 37,3 %, 14,1 %, 2,7 % y 0,5 %, respectivamente. Se presentaron 12 casos de coinfección de leptospirosis-dengue y uno de leptospirosis-rickettsiosis-dengue. El sexo masculino y la humedad relativa media, fueron factores de riesgo para dengue. El inicio de signos clínicos en febrero de 2008, se asoció tanto con la infección por dengue como por leptospirosis. Conclusión. Se reafirma la importancia del virus del dengue, Rickettsia spp. y Leptospira spp., como agentes causantes del síndrome febril en la región del Urabá.
Introduction: Urabá, a region on the northern coast of Colombia, is endemic to several acute febrile illnesses of infectious origin; however, only patients with malaria may have access to quick and effective diagnosis. For this reason, many non-malarial febrile patients go without a clear etiologic diagnosis. Aim: To establish the etiology and clinical signs of acute febrile non-malaria syndromes and explore some of the likely risk factors in patients originating in the municipalities of Necocli, Turbo and Apartado who exhibit these symptoms. Materials and methods: We obtained acute and convalescent sera from 220 non-malarial febrile patients from the rural and urban zones of Necocli, Turbo and Apartado during 2007 and 2008. Serologic tests for dengue (IgM by ELISA), leptospirosis (IgM and IgG by IFA), rickettsiosis (IgG by IFI), hanta and arenavirus (IgG by ELISA) were performed. Results: We found that the frequency of infection for dengue, leptospirosis, rickettsiosis and arenavirus, was 37.3%; 14.1%; 2.7% and 0.5%, respectively. There were 12 co-infection cases of leptospirosis-dengue and one of leptospirosis-rickettsiosis-dengue. Male gender and relative humidity were considered risk factors for dengue, and the beginning of clinical signs in February of 2008 was associated with the infection of dengue and leptospirosis. Conclusion: This study confirms previous records that underline the importance of Rickettsia spp, dengue virus and Leptospira spp as causal agents of febrile syndrome in this region of Colombia.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/complicações , Colômbia , Convalescença , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/complicações , Infecções por Hantavirus/complicações , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/complicações , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , População Rural , Infecções por Rickettsia/sangue , Infecções por Rickettsia/complicações , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Avaliação de Sintomas , População UrbanaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Urabá, a region on the northern coast of Colombia, is endemic to several acute febrile illnesses of infectious origin; however, only patients with malaria may have access to quick and effective diagnosis. For this reason, many non-malarial febrile patients go without a clear etiologic diagnosis. AIM: To establish the etiology and clinical signs of acute febrile non-malaria syndromes and explore some of the likely risk factors in patients originating in the municipalities of Necocli, Turbo and Apartado who exhibit these symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained acute and convalescent sera from 220 non-malarial febrile patients from the rural and urban zones of Necocli, Turbo and Apartado during 2007 and 2008. Serologic tests for dengue (IgM by ELISA), leptospirosis (IgM and IgG by IFA), rickettsiosis (IgG by IFI), hanta and arenavirus (IgG by ELISA) were performed. RESULTS: We found that the frequency of infection for dengue, leptospirosis, rickettsiosis and arenavirus, was 37.3%; 14.1%; 2.7% and 0.5%, respectively. There were 12 co-infection cases of leptospirosis-dengue and one of leptospirosis-rickettsiosis-dengue. Male gender and relative humidity were considered risk factors for dengue, and the beginning of clinical signs in February of 2008 was associated with the infection of dengue and leptospirosis. CONCLUSION: This study confirms previous records that underline the importance of Rickettsia spp, dengue virus and Leptospira spp as causal agents of febrile syndrome in this region of Colombia.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arenaviridae/epidemiologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Febre de Causa Desconhecida/etiologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/sangue , Infecções por Arenaviridae/complicações , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Convalescença , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/complicações , Feminino , Infecções por Hantavirus/complicações , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Leptospirose/sangue , Leptospirose/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções por Rickettsia/sangue , Infecções por Rickettsia/complicações , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Avaliação de Sintomas , População UrbanaRESUMO
Samples from rodents captured on a farm in Venezuela in February 1997 were tested for arenavirus, antibody against Guanarito virus (GTOV), and antibody against Pirital virus (PIRV). Thirty-one (48.4%) of 64 short-tailed cane mice (Zygodontomys brevicauda) were infected with GTOV, 1 Alston's cotton rat (Sigmodon alstoni) was infected with GTOV, and 36 (64.3%) of 56 other Alston's cotton rats were infected with PIRV. The results of analyses of field and laboratory data suggested that horizontal transmission is the dominant mode of GTOV transmission in Z. brevicauda mice and that vertical transmission is an important mode of PIRV transmission in S. alstoni rats. The results also suggested that bodily secretions and excretions from most GTOV-infected short-tailed cane mice and most PIRV-infected Alston's cotton rats may transmit the viruses to humans.