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Background: Tendon injuries are common in horses and are commonly associated with lameness and athletic career disruption.Adhesions formed between the tendons and the surrounding tissues compromise the sliding and movement of the structures,compromising their functionality. Therefore, the control of adhesion formation is critical to restore the structural integrity of thetendon, as well as its biomechanical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the biosynthetic cellulosemembrane implanted in foals with surgically induced tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor.Materials, Methods & Results: Six healthy foals were used, which underwent tendinitis induction in the superficial digital flexorof the right and left forelimbs. The lesions was induced by local ischemia by crushing the tendon with hemostatic forceps. Thebiosynthetic cellulose membrane was implanted only in the right forelimb, involving the superficial digital flexor tendon in theregion of the ischemia and the left forelimb was used as control. After surgery, both forelimb were immobilized with syntheticplaster cast for 15 days. Ultrasonography was performed in six foals immediately before (M0), at 15° (M1) at and 30° (M2) day,and three were evaluate at 45° (M3) and 60° (M4) day after surgery. Incisional biopsies were performed in three animals on the30° day and in three animals on the 60° day after surgery. Histopathological examination involved the analysis of tissue disorganization, presence and type of inflammatory infiltrate and neovascularization, according to the score of 0 to 3. Ultrasonographyallowed visualization of the membrane, which was characterized as a continuous hyperechoic line at the edges of the tendon at15 days (M1). In addition, at 30 and 45 days after surgery, interruption of the hyperechoic line and reduction of echogenicitywere observed, and no echogenic lines were observed at 60 days after surgery...(AU)

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Background: Tendon injuries are common in horses and are commonly associated with lameness and athletic career disruption.Adhesions formed between the tendons and the surrounding tissues compromise the sliding and movement of the structures,compromising their functionality. Therefore, the control of adhesion formation is critical to restore the structural integrity of thetendon, as well as its biomechanical function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the biosynthetic cellulosemembrane implanted in foals with surgically induced tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor.Materials, Methods & Results: Six healthy foals were used, which underwent tendinitis induction in the superficial digital flexorof the right and left forelimbs. The lesions was induced by local ischemia by crushing the tendon with hemostatic forceps. Thebiosynthetic cellulose membrane was implanted only in the right forelimb, involving the superficial digital flexor tendon in theregion of the ischemia and the left forelimb was used as control. After surgery, both forelimb were immobilized with syntheticplaster cast for 15 days. Ultrasonography was performed in six foals immediately before (M0), at 15° (M1) at and 30° (M2) day,and three were evaluate at 45° (M3) and 60° (M4) day after surgery. Incisional biopsies were performed in three animals on the30° day and in three animals on the 60° day after surgery. Histopathological examination involved the analysis of tissue disorganization, presence and type of inflammatory infiltrate and neovascularization, according to the score of 0 to 3. Ultrasonographyallowed visualization of the membrane, which was characterized as a continuous hyperechoic line at the edges of the tendon at15 days (M1). In addition, at 30 and 45 days after surgery, interruption of the hyperechoic line and reduction of echogenicitywere observed, and no echogenic lines were observed at 60 days after surgery...

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PURPOSE:To compare bone healing in mandibular vertical body osteotomies (MVBO) after fixation with a resorbable 2.0mm-profile fixation system in the first and third postoperative months in rabbits.METHODS:Twenty hemimandibles of ten rabbits were divided into two groups according to duration of resorbable fixation-one or three months. The MVBOs were performed and one four-hole, resorbable, 2.0mm mini-plate fixation system was used on each side. The computed tomography (CT) scans, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histomorphometric outcomes of groups I and II were compared.RESULTS:Significant differences were found between the one- and three- month assessments in terms of newly formed bone ratio values (p<0.05). There was more new bone formation at the third month on both the CT and histomorphometric examinations. A better adaptation of the bone tissues to the resorbable mini-plate and screws was observed on SEM at three months.CONCLUSION:The resorbable mini-plates provided a fixation stable enough to allow immediate oral alimentation and callus formation in both groups.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Ligation of the mesovarium in female dogs may be cumbersome with risk of complications and is associated with intense noxious stimuli. A resorbable implant, a self-locking loop designed for surgery, was developed as an alternative to traditional ligation. The study aimed to test the feasibility of ligating the canine ovarian pedicle with the implant and to compare its performance to traditional suture ligation. RESULTS: In total 45 intact female dogs destined for elective ovariohysterectomy and adoption were included. In 21 dogs the new resorbable implant was used to ligate the mesovarium, and in 24 control dogs traditional suture was used with one encircling ligature. Mean weight of implant dogs was 10.7 ± 5.6 kg (range 3.5-22.0), and mean weight of control dogs was 12.8 ± 6.4 kg, (range 4.1-27.0). The body weight of dogs did not differ between groups (P = 0.25). In total, 42 ovarian pedicles were successfully ligated with the implant. In one control dog, intraoperative haemorrhage from the left ovarian pedicle was diagnosed. The mesovarium was re-ligated and haemostasis was confirmed. All dogs recovered uneventfully. The ligation time of the mesovarium was significantly shortened (P = 0.02) by using the self-locking implant versus a single ligature (3'28'' ± 1'05'' and 5'29'' ± 3'54'', respectively). Total duration of surgery differed between the groups (P = 0.02) with a shortened duration of surgery when using the self-locking implant (15'56'' ± 2'47'' and 20'39'' ± 8'58'', study group versus control group, respectively). In both groups, duration of surgery and time required to ligate the ovarian pedicle were longer in larger dogs than smaller dogs. CONCLUSION: The results of this feasibility study suggested the implant can be used to ligate the canine mesovarium. Compared with traditional suture ligation, the results suggested that time to ligate the ovarian pedicle and duration of surgery were significantly reduced with the implant. More time was required to perform surgeries in larger dogs.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate bone healing in an experimental radial ostectomy in dogs treated with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), through histological, densitometric, radiographic studies, as well as expression of growth factors in the ostectomy gap. METHODS: Twenty-one dogs were randomly divided into either a control or a PRP group. All underwent unilateral ostectomy of the radius to generate a gap of 2.0 mm, that was stabilized with external skeletal fixation. The ostectomy gap was either filled with PRP or left empty as a control. The radiographic and densitometric studies were performed after surgery, then at intervals until 60 days during the post-surgery period. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed at seven or 60 days post-surgery. Analyses were performed using a statistical analysis system, and the level of significance was set at p <0.05. RESULTS: The median radiographic healing score in the PRP group increased significantly between day 0 and day 60. Furthermore, at 60 days, the median healing score and the proportion of healed ostectomies in the control group (score 1; 1/6 healed) and the PRP group (score 5; 4/5 healed) were significantly different. There were differences between groups in radiographic and densitometric values at days 45 and 60. The histological evaluation showed advanced bone healing at 60 days in the PRP group and signs of delayed union in the control group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Platelet-rich plasma can be used as an adjuvant therapy because it may promote better bone healing of a radial ostectomy treated with external skeletal fixation in dogs.

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A reparação dos tecidos que compõem a parede abdominal é uma necessidade cirúrgica constante. Especificamente para utilização em animais domésticos, o maior desafio é o desenvolvimento de biomateriais que suportem forças exercidas pelas vísceras, em virtude de sua posição quadrupedal e pela movimentação das estruturas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Nas últimas décadas diversos materiais sintéticos têm surgido e apresentado resultados significativos em relação à tensão a que são submetidos e à formação de tecido cicatricial. No entanto, o conhecimento interdisciplinar das estruturas moleculares responsáveis pela antigenicidade, proliferação celular e dos mecanismos que possam alterá-los, proporcionou a obtenção de biomembranas derivadas de tecidos orgânicos, com resultados superiores em relação à interação com os tecidos dos hospedeiros dos implantes e à regeneração tecidual. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão é de conflitar os principais trabalhos de uso comparativo de biomateriais naturais e sintéticos na parede abdominal e compilar os conhecimentos moleculares, que norteiam o desenvolvimento de técnicas de obtenção de biomateriais naturais.

The repairing of abdominal wall tissues is a constant surgical necessity. Specifically for use in domestic animals, the biggest challenge is the development of biomaterials that support forces exerted for the viscera, due to quadruped position and for the movement of the structures after the surgical procedure. In the last decades several synthetic materials have appeared and presented significant results in relation to the tension that are submitted and to the cicatricial tissue formation. However, the interdisciplinary knowledge of antigenic molecular structures, cellular proliferation signs and of the mechanisms that can modify them provided the attainment of biomembranes derived from organic tissues with superior results in relation to the interaction with host tissues and to tissue regeneration. Therefore, the objective of this review is to conflict the main works of comparative use of natural and synthetic biomaterials in the abdominal wall and to compile the molecular knowledge that guide the development of techniques of attainment of natural biomaterials.

La reparación de los tejidos que componen la pared abdominal es una necesidad quirúrgica constante. Específicamente para utilización en animales domésticos, el mayor reto es el desarrollo de biomateriales que soporten fuerzas ejercidas por las vísceras, debido a su posición cuadrupedal y por el movimiento de las estructuras tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. En las últimas décadas, muchos materiales sintéticos han surgido y han mostrado resultados significativos en relación a la tensión a que son sometidos y a la formación de tejido cicatrizal. Sin embargo, el conocimiento interdisciplinario de las estructuras moleculares responsables por la antigenicidad, la proliferación celular y de los mecanismos que pueden alterarlos, resultó a obtener biomembranas derivadas de tejidos orgánicos, con resultados superiores en relación a la interacción con los tejidos huéspedes de los implantes y a la regeneración de los tejidos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es discutir los principales trabajos de uso comparativo de biomateriales naturales y sintéticos en la pared abdominal y compilar los conocimientos moleculares, que guían el desarrollo de técnicas de obtención de biomateriales naturales.

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A reparação dos tecidos que compõem a parede abdominal é uma necessidade cirúrgica constante. Especificamente para utilização em animais domésticos, o maior desafio é o desenvolvimento de biomateriais que suportem forças exercidas pelas vísceras, em virtude de sua posição quadrupedal e pela movimentação das estruturas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Nas últimas décadas diversos materiais sintéticos têm surgido e apresentado resultados significativos em relação à tensão a que são submetidos e à formação de tecido cicatricial. No entanto, o conhecimento interdisciplinar das estruturas moleculares responsáveis pela antigenicidade, proliferação celular e dos mecanismos que possam alterá-los, proporcionou a obtenção de biomembranas derivadas de tecidos orgânicos, com resultados superiores em relação à interação com os tecidos dos hospedeiros dos implantes e à regeneração tecidual. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão é de conflitar os principais trabalhos de uso comparativo de biomateriais naturais e sintéticos na parede abdominal e compilar os conhecimentos moleculares, que norteiam o desenvolvimento de técnicas de obtenção de biomateriais naturais.(AU)

The repairing of abdominal wall tissues is a constant surgical necessity. Specifically for use in domestic animals, the biggest challenge is the development of biomaterials that support forces exerted for the viscera, due to quadruped position and for the movement of the structures after the surgical procedure. In the last decades several synthetic materials have appeared and presented significant results in relation to the tension that are submitted and to the cicatricial tissue formation. However, the interdisciplinary knowledge of antigenic molecular structures, cellular proliferation signs and of the mechanisms that can modify them provided the attainment of biomembranes derived from organic tissues with superior results in relation to the interaction with host tissues and to tissue regeneration. Therefore, the objective of this review is to conflict the main works of comparative use of natural and synthetic biomaterials in the abdominal wall and to compile the molecular knowledge that guide the development of techniques of attainment of natural biomaterials.(AU)

La reparación de los tejidos que componen la pared abdominal es una necesidad quirúrgica constante. Específicamente para utilización en animales domésticos, el mayor reto es el desarrollo de biomateriales que soporten fuerzas ejercidas por las vísceras, debido a su posición cuadrupedal y por el movimiento de las estructuras tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. En las últimas décadas, muchos materiales sintéticos han surgido y han mostrado resultados significativos en relación a la tensión a que son sometidos y a la formación de tejido cicatrizal. Sin embargo, el conocimiento interdisciplinario de las estructuras moleculares responsables por la antigenicidad, la proliferación celular y de los mecanismos que pueden alterarlos, resultó a obtener biomembranas derivadas de tejidos orgánicos, con resultados superiores en relación a la interacción con los tejidos huéspedes de los implantes y a la regeneración de los tejidos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es discutir los principales trabajos de uso comparativo de biomateriales naturales y sintéticos en la pared abdominal y compilar los conocimientos moleculares, que guían el desarrollo de técnicas de obtención de biomateriales naturales.(AU)

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An overview is presented of the results obtained with biodegradable sustained release devices (SRDs) containing a mixture of polymers and either isometamidium (ISMM) or ethidium. Under controlled laboratory conditions (monthly challenge with tsetse flies infected with Trypanosoma congolense) the protection period in SRD treated cattle could be extended by a factor 2.8 (for ethidium) up to 4.2 (for ISMM) as compared to animals treated intramuscularly with the same drugs. Using a competitive drug ELISA ISMM concentrations were detected up to 330 days after the implantation of the SRDs, whereas after i.m. injection the drug was no longer present three to four months post treatment. Two field trials carried out in Mali under heavy tsetse challenge showed that the cumulative infection rate was significantly lower in the ISMM-SRD implanted cattle than in those which received ISMM intramuscularly. Using ethidium SRD, however, contradictory results were obtained in field trials in Zambia and in Mali. The potential advantages and inconvenients of the use of SRDs are discussed and suggestions are made in order to further improve the currently available devices.

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